欧洲历史上家庭概念的演变及其特征

本文分析了自古典时代到 1 8世纪欧洲人家庭观念的演变及其与欧洲社会经济发展的关系。作者认为 ,古代罗马的家庭具有奴性 ,与奴隶制有关。随着奴隶制和家长权的衰落 ,以婚姻和血缘关系为基础的自然家庭的重要性逐渐显现。但是 ,家庭要成为一个独立的社会组织还要经历一个漫长的过程。在中世纪前期 ,欧洲人的家庭生活集体依然依附于当时的土地耕作制度。份地是当时的赋税征收单位 ,它包容了数量不同、形式多样的家庭户。份地制度的衰落终于使家庭户成为独立的社会组织。但至少从中世纪中期起至 1 8世纪中叶 ,欧洲人所说的家庭实际上就是家庭户 ,同住的非亲族成员也被算成家庭的一员 ,与户主形成假性的家庭关系。近代初期 ,随着商品货币关系向家庭户的渗透 ,从前虚拟的家庭关系便转化为雇佣关系 ,家庭才成为一个以血缘和婚姻关系为基础、共同生活的亲族集体 ,现代的家庭概念得以形成。作者认为 ,在欧洲历史上 ,家庭组织的存在方式和人们的家庭观念始终与一定的社会经济条件相联系 ,它们的演变过程几乎就是一部简约的欧洲史。     

孔氏南宗家庙庙制探析

孔氏宋家庙的主要祭祀空间布局源于曲阜孔庙,而诸如思鲁阁、六代公爵祠、袭封祠等配置又形成了自身特有的建筑规制。     

Family Man: The Papua New Guinean Children of D. Carleton Gajdusek.

ABSTRACT The name Carleton Gajdusek is familiar to many scholars and those otherwise interested in Pacific anthropology and history. Yet while much has been written about Gajdusek's work on kuru and his achievements in science, little is known about his unusual family life. Addressing this gap, this article examines Gajdusek's adoption of sixteen Papua New Guinean children from among the Fore and Anga peoples. These children form part of Gajdusek's large family adopted from the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Micronesia. Drawing on Gajdusek's extensive personal journals and interviews with his friends, colleagues and children, the paper refutes arguments which explain the adoptions through reference to Gajdusek's sexuality or humanitarianism, demonstrating rather that Gajdusek adopted the PNG children primarily because he wanted to create a family. Highlighting some of the ways in which Melanesian models of kinship suited Gajdusek's preference for an extended family, the article addresses an under‐researched aspect of the life of this important twentieth century figure.     

变迁还是延续——欧美学者关于英国社会转型时期的家庭史研究

一随着20世纪50年代“新社会史”的兴起和60年代“家庭危机”的出现,家庭史研究在西方迅速发展,到20世纪80年代末,家庭史学已成为西方历史研究中的一门显学。家庭演变与西欧社会近代转型和工业化进程的关系尤其引起史家的浓厚兴趣。英国作为工业革命的发源地和第一个工业化国家     

全家一站玩转圣淘沙

进入五月,空气中到处都是旅游味。五一、六一,接着暑假,随着气温不断升高,旅游也不断升温。而每年这样的时候,都会头痛去哪玩？家有妻儿,妻想去的地方只要是浪漫就行,儿想去的只要能玩耍就够。那,去哪玩呢？既要能玩,又要有情调的地儿……我不是一个旅游发烧友,会专门去挖掘世界各地最好玩的地方。我说不出在哪有稀有平原,在哪有旷世海景,我只会动动手指,在网络上敲打几个关键字,然后看看、挑挑,人云亦云,也仍然不亦乐乎。     

海天一色大家庭创新发展写真 瞧这“一家子”

<正>"海天一色"重张开业的那一天,照了一张"全家福"。在银灰色"海天一色"店牌的辉映下,董事长、总经理和600余名员工开心地笑着,让人看了着实喜欢。     

All in the Family

The authors look at how family income depends on family structure. Using data from the 1973, 1979, and 1987, Current Population Survey, the authors examine four income sources (earnings, property, child support, and government transfers) among seven family types for all families and for Latino, black, and white householder families. The authors find large income differences among families–primarily due to differences in earnings–but little change within family types over time. Increasing the work hours of adult members or relying on income support from nonresident family members is unlikely to substantially remedy the differences in income among family types, and specifically to improve the very low income of single-mother families. Other family policies are suggested.