端午探源——兼论重阳

端午节习称为纪念屈原而设,但事实上端午节由来已久,既是古代民俗节日的重要禁忌日,又是纪念名人的节日,屈原只是其中之一而已。重阳是与端午相对应的节日,端午与重阳有内在的联系。     

古代日本五月五日礼仪中的中国因素

古代日本的五月五日礼仪,始自7世纪初,形成伊始受到中国夏至理念的影响。至8世纪律令制国家确立后,五月五日节仪成为体现天皇与全体官人政治关系的重要国家礼仪。中国民间五月五日习俗中的菖蒲、续命缕等道具成为律令制五月五日节仪的必要组成要素,避邪除灾的观念也随之被融入五月五日节仪之中。     

Pottery and Other Finds from the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Sandy,Bedfordshire

INTENSIVE museum research and examination of documentary records of the discovery in the 18th and 19th centuries of Anglo-Saxon urns and other finds at Sandy (Beds.) reveals a series of 5th- to early 6th-century cremation urns and other pottery from the site. These are published together for the first time and their significance is discussed. A metal find of importance, a silver bracelet, is given extended treatment.     

Anthropology,Festival, and Spectacle

This article weaves together analyses of three recent books which, despite their being compiled primarily by scholars outside of the discipline of anthropology, make theoretical and methodological contributions useful to the anthropology of festivals and ritual, both religious and secular. These works demonstrate that spectacle has been ritualized into festive practices of modernity and identity in multiple places, times, and cultural contexts. Greater attention to how this works from a general anthropological perspective is needed.     

Solomon Carter Fuller, M.D. (1872-1953): American pioneer in Alzheimer's disease research

The appointment of Alois Alzheimer to Emil Kraepelin's clinic and laboratory at the Royal Psychiatric Hospital, University of Munich in 1903 offered new opportunities for clinical and pathological studies of the brain. At the opening of the facility in 1904, Alzheimer selected five foreign visiting students as his graduate research assistants, among whom was an American, Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller. A glimpse of Fuller's background as an African-American (born in Liberia) at the turn of the century, his continuing research after leaving Germany in 1906, and his critical view of the Alzheimer dementia entity are recounted. He was held in high esteem as a practicing neuropsychiatrist and teacher in the Boston area.     

徽州旅沪同乡会与社会变迁(1923—1953)

1902年上海商业会议公所建立,同年首个旅沪同乡会诞生。同乡会是旧式会馆的延续,是在新式与旧式商人、士绅与新知识阶层、男性与女性、资方与劳工等更广泛参与下建立起来的地缘性自治组织,与商会功能互补。徽州旅沪同乡会从20世纪20年代初建立到1953年消亡,经历了延续到断裂、再延续、最终断裂的过程。太平洋战争爆发后,徽州旅沪同乡会纷纷停止会务。抗战胜利后,同乡会的社团自治功能及上海的市民公共空间得以延续。第二次国内战争后期,经济凋疲,社会动荡,同乡会又陷入困境,乃至1953年最终消亡。解读同乡会延续与断裂的历史,为观察这个时代的变迁提供了特有视角。     

From Ubombo to Mkhuzi: disease, colonial science, and the control of Nagana (livestock trypanosomosis) in Zululand, South Africa, C. 1894-1953

This article looks at the scientific studies and debates that surrounded the control of nagana (trypanosomosis in livestock) in Zululand, South Africa, from the late nineteenth century until the 1950s. By 1953 the disease appeared to be contained following the use of DDT to exterminate the tsetse fly that spread the infection from immune wildlife to susceptible livestock. It argues that South Africa made an important contribution to western knowledge about trypanosomosis in terms of its etiology and possibilities for its control-a fact that has often been overlooked in the historical literature that has tended to focus on events in colonial central and east Africa. It explores Zulu conceptualizations of nagana, which influenced early researchers, the evolution of veterinary, entomological, and ecological sciences as "tools" for understanding and suppressing disease, as well as the difficulties involved in reconciling game conservation with colonial settlement. The article also shows how an animal disease contributed to the development of colonial science and encouraged the expansion of scientific networks with African colonies and beyond.