Notes on Spanish Amulets

FOLK-BELIEFS IN THE BALKAN PENINSULA. BALKAN HOME-LIFE. By LUCY M. J. GARNETT. Pp. 309. Price ios. 6d. net. London : Methuen &; Co. Ltd. 1917. Reviewed by W. Crooke.     

Specimens of Modern Mascots and Ancient Amulets of the British Isles

Folklore in the English and Scottish Ballads. By Lowry Charles Wimberly. Illinois: Univ. of Chicago Press (Cambridge Univ. Press), 1928. 9" x 5 7/8". Pp. xiii + 466. 25s.     

Teeth of juvenile woodchucks as seasonal indicators on archaeological sites

The woodchuck, Marmota monax, a burrowing scuirid of eastern North America, was a common food animal of prehistoric peoples. Since the species has a single, brief birthing period all juveniles are at a comparable stage of development at a given time. Widths of the continuously growing incisors, development of the cheek teeth and alveoli, and loss of deciduous teeth have been determined from a sample with known dates of collection. These data are compared to juvenile woodchuck remains from an archaeological site to determine season of kill.     

浅论敦煌符箓中的"善鬼护身"观念

鬼自古以来就是邪恶、灾病的象征,而敦煌符箓中的某些内容却提供了另一种可能性的存在：鬼为世人提供护佑,发挥正面作用。本以敦煌符箓材料为切入点,并结合其他敦煌材料,对“善鬼护身”观念进行初步探讨,以求丰富中古民众鬼神观念研究的内容。     

狼、狗裂齿与臼齿的测量值、变量值研究

本文根据我国狼、狗的有关测量数据,探索狼、狗裂齿与臼齿测量数据上的有关变量规律。认识狼、狗裂齿与臼齿测量数据的变量规律,可方便、简捷地对考古发掘中出土的狼或狗遗骸,进行简便有效的鉴定。     

Hongyuan Milk Powder Factory

ＨｏｎｇｙｕａｎＭｉｌｋＰｏｗｄｅｒＦａｃｔｏｒｙ￥ＳＯＮＧＹＯＮＧＡｂａｉｓａｐｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅｉｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ,ｗｈｅｒｅｔｈｅＴｉｂｅｔａｎｓａｒｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｅｄ．Ｉｎ１９５７．ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｏｆｔｈ...     

Measuring Root Dentine Translucency in Human Teeth of Varying Antiquity

Many workers have calibrated human root dentine transparency (RDT) as a linear regression on age. It is now regarded as a well-established means of estimating age at death in modern human material. Similar applications in archaeological material have not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to establish a standard protocol for measuring RDT which was derived from previous methods and which could be applied to teeth of unknown and varying antiquity. An initial study on two archaeological populations determined the choice of tooth to study and a second study, using expendable teeth (of unknown age and origin), evaluated various techniques of specimen preparation and examination. Findings from the pilot study indicated that the lower canine was the tooth of choice. From the second study it was observed that archaeological teeth could only be sectioned if they had first been infiltrated and embedded in methyl methacrylate. The optimal section thickness was found to be 150 μm and no benefit was gained by staining. Inter-observer reliability tests showed significant differences in repeated measures of RDT in intact teeth, which were not borne out when sectioned teeth were used. Intra-observer reliability was maintained for measurements in both intact and sectioned teeth. These findings have been used to establish a standard protocol for application to human teeth of any depositional phase to estimate the dental age at death of that individual.     

Turner Teeth and childhood caries in a protohistoric California Indian population

Three instances of unusual enamel defects are reported from a late prehistoric and protohistoric non-agricultural California Indian population. The defects, consisting of irregular absence of enamel over much of the crown of single premolars, with no corresponding hypoplastic defects in the remainder of the dentition, are typical of Turner teeth. Such defects are a consequence of pulp exposure from severe caries infections in the primary dentition. Their presence is suggestive of unusually high levels of childhood caries experience for a non-agricultural population, a suggestion borne out by examination of the deciduous dentitions.     

Root Canals of Buried Teeth: Radiographic Changes due to Crystal Growth

The radiographs of 43 skulls recovered from a 4000-year-old site in Central Thailand were examined for changes in the pulp chamber and root canals of teeth. Eleven specimens aged between 8 and 40 years featured marked root canal radiopacities not consistent with the appearance of dentine. Scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis revealed the presence of crystals of almost pure calcium. The crystals had developed post-mortem, with the likely source of the mineral being sea shells which were abundant at the place of burial. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

U-series Dating of Fossil Teeth and Carbonates from Snake Cave,Thailand

Snake Cave (Thailand) is an important site for the study of the evolution in Southeast Asia, leading to a discovery of rich and various faunas, including a human tooth. Fossils of large and small mammals converge to indicate, on the basis of faunal assemblage, a late Middle Pleistocene age for the fossiliferous layers; on the other hand, previous U-series dating of carbonates furnished a lower limit for the fossils of about 130 ky.In order to achieve a better comprehension of the chronology of the cave, the Uranium-series method for absolute age determination has been applied to some carbonates older than those studied previously and to fossils themselves.We used the isochron technique approach to yield valuable ages because spleleothem samples consist in a mixture of calcite and detrital contamination. The results obtained suggest that the main fossiliferous level is older than about 160 ky. The application of the U-series method to tooth samples from this tropical cave leads to erroneous ages, probably because of post depositional groundwater movements.