成绩与意义中国援柬吴哥保护20年

吴哥古迹体现着人类的非凡创造力和聪明智慧,是高棉人民对人类社会的进步与发展做出的突出贡献,是世界文明宝库中的璀璨明珠。1992年,吴哥古迹被列入世界文化遗产名录。翌年,柬埔寨王国政府和联合国教科文组织共同发起了"拯救吴哥古迹国际行动",中国政府派出了由国家文物局局长张德勤先生率领的代表团出席东京会议,与各国代表共同讨论了行动的纲领和准则,并承诺与国际大家庭一道,为吴哥保护     

游吴哥古迹 耄耋老人的美丽记忆

吴哥,一座分布在柬埔寨茂密丛林中的历史遗城,位于洞里萨湖之北,距暹粒市约6公里。吴哥古迹占地约15平方公里,始建于8世纪,13世纪完成。吴哥是高棉人(柬埔寨人口最多的民族)的精神中心和宗教中心,作为历史上的东南亚高棉王国的都城,吴哥记载了一个王朝的昌盛与没落。它曾在世上消失了500年,直至19世纪中叶才重见天日,与中国的万里长城,埃及的金字塔,印度尼西亚的婆罗浮屠并称为"东方四大奇迹"。     

Conservation of the sacred at Angkor Wat: further reflections on living heritage

Abstract

This article reflects on and complements the paper 'Conservation of a “living heritage site”: a contradiction in terms? A case study of Angkor World Heritage Site', published by Keiko Miura Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites, 7(1), (2005) 3–18. It develops further the notion of conserving sacred heritage in the light of a case study of Angkor Wat within the World Heritage site. Heritage management is always a balance between preserving different values – historic, aesthetic, use, spiritual, etc. Each of these categories of value has its own set of needs which are often not fully compatible with one another. Heritage management originally stemmed from the desire to protect the aesthetic and historic values of tangible heritage. Yet an over-emphasis on preserving these values alone is not tenable in a 'living heritage site'. At Angkor Wat it causes spiritual degradation and secularization. Highlighting instances in which this phenomenon has been apparent, this article suggests a way forward.     

Provisioning an Early City: Spatial Equilibrium in the Agricultural Economy at Angkor,Cambodia

Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory - A dominant view in economic anthropology is that farmers must overcome decreasing marginal returns in the process of intensification. However, it is...     

Himmler's Ethics of Duty: A Moral Approach to the Holocaust and to Germany's Impending Defeat

Heinrich Himmler is mostly seen as the all-powerful organizer who coordinated the police apparatus that reigned over occupied Europe and who supervised personally the concentration camp system. But Himmler was also a thinker or, at least, he perceived himself as such, and he was especially concerned with moral issues. This article examines the role of ethics in Himmler's thinking. More specifically, it considers what sort of ethics it was and how the Reichsführer SS could rely on moral notions to legitimize his endeavors and to make sense of extreme events in which he participated. From a normative viewpoint any claim to philosophical validity for this type of approach may be called into question, for the nihilism and denial of otherness were paramount in the instrumentalization of humans that led to genocide.     

谈《史记》中的人物称谓问题

本文力求从几个方面说明司马迁在《史记》中使用人物称谓的规律问题。并试图探索在这个问题上《史记》和先秦史籍之间的关系。     

Zanzibar Stone Town Joins the Imagined Community of World Heritage Sites

In 2000, Zanzibar Stone Town was added to UNESCO's World Heritage List after a long campaign whose start date may be taken as 1988. In view of the difficulties, one might ask why places such as Zanzibar should undertake such initiatives. Without recognition from UNESCO the Stone Town would be under pressure to approve developments that would change the character of this historic centre, and could make it difficult to develop tourism, but this is not the only reason. This paper argues that the supporters of Zanzibar's application to UNESCO were responding to a message that they detected in the formulation of the World Heritage Convention, namely that designated sites belong to a kind of international body which may be likened to an 'imagined community'. World Heritage Sites (WHSs) are, in theory, part of global heritage and are thus subject to the policies and laws of an international order. In reality, however, international legislation is notoriously difficult to implement without the support of the states concerned and it may be more useful to think of WHSs as an 'Imagined Community' in Anderson's sense, a kind of pre-state entity.     

The Construction Process of the Angkor Monuments Elucidated by the Magnetic Susceptibility of Sandstone*

The Angkor monuments in Cambodia are mainly constructed of grey to yellowish‐brown sandstones. No differences in the constituent minerals and in the chemical composition of the sandstones have been confirmed among the monuments. However, we have found their magnetic susceptibility a useful parameter by which to distinguish them. The principal monuments of Angkor Wat, Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, Banteay Kdei and Bayon, constructed from the Angkor Wat period to the Bayon period (from the beginning of the 12th century to the beginning of the 13th century ad ), were investigated in detail using a portable magnetic susceptibility meter. We succeeded in dividing the periods of construction into stages. This elucidated the enlargement process of the monuments and correlated their construction stages.