新中国成立后历史考证学的新境界

在1949年以前业已取得很大成就的20世纪中国历史考证学,进入新中国以后,由于一批原先熟悉严密考证方法的史学家接受了唯物史观的指导,他们做到既发扬广搜史料、互相参证的优良传统,又能把握历史演进的大势,由表及里,探求历史事件之间的联系和发展演变的趋势,达到对历史本质的认识,因而使历史考证学达到了新的境界。他们的卓越成就为20世纪中国史学谱写了出色的篇章,留给我们许多重要的启示。     

The Buddha and the Bumblebee: The Saga of Stanley Reed and Felix Frankfurter

During the years since the first appointments of Justices to the Supreme Court in 1789, many interesting relationships have occurred between Justices. Some were amicable, but others involved animosity. No such long-Term relationship is more fascinating than the eighteen years Stanley Reed and Felix Frankfurter spent as Brethren. It featured neither consistent amicability nor animosity, but it is intriguing because it ran the gamut from admiration and respect through pettiness and condescension to frustration and serious annoyance. Nevertheless, Reed and Frankfurter probably were closer for a longer period than virtually any other two Associate Justices in the history of the Court. Moreover, the hundreds of letters, notes, and memoranda they exchanged must dwarf the output of any other two Justices.     

The Location of Ziklag: Its Identification by Felix Fabri

Abstract

The location of Ziklag has never been convincingly identified. Current opinion among many archaeologists regards Tell Shari'ah as the most probable site, although formerly this site was identified with the toponymically-corresponding Sharuhen. Felix Fabri, on his journey from Hebron to Gaza in 1483, climbed a large mound he believed to be Ziklag. The evidence for the location of this mound is here brought together and considered.     

Compositional Phases,Geography and Historical Setting behind Judges 4-5 and the Location of Harosheth-ha-goiim

In this article I deal with the compositional history, geographical background and possible historical setting of Judges 4-5. I propose that the original heroic, oral material behind these chapters represents two different traditions: One (embedded in Chapter 4) originated in the area of Mount Tabor and the hills to its east and northeast and had the city of Anaharath (the name behind the pun or polemic twist of “Harosheth-ha-goiim”) at its core. The other (part of Chapter 5, 19-22) came from the southwestern Jezreel Valley. These traditions represent memories of turbulent 10^th century BCE events—the fall of the last of the late-Canaanite city-states and the take-over of the region by highlanders (Israelites) just before, or in very early days of, the rise of the Northern Kingdom. They were put in writing for the first time by a North Israelite author in the first half of the 8^th century. This author had only vague knowledge of the western valley tradition (Chapter 5); hence while composing the early song, he “imported” details from Chapter 4, merged the two tales into one account, and “expanded” both to portray a broad (North) Israelite scene. A Deuteronomistic author of the late 7^th century BCE inserted the frames characteristic of the Book of Judges, harmonized Chapter 4 with the Jabin story in Joshua 11, included other “explanatory” notes and entered the divine intervention in Chapter 4. A Deuteronomistic author also introduced the adoration of YHWH segments in Chapter 5.     

云南地方的古代历史记载与史学

汉晋至元代是云南古代地方史学发展的早期阶段 ,其中汉晋时期是云南史学的萌起时期 ,开始出现了专门记载云南地方历史的、带有方志特点的史著 ;南诏大理国时期 (即唐宋时期 )为云南史学发展的关键时期 ,地方志史书的编撰趋于成熟 ,史籍体例日趋丰富 ,信史特征更加明显。元代为云南古代早期史学的成熟期 ,云南地方史学的编撰直追中原内地的发展水平。而且云南古代史学发展从一个侧面体现了云南地方文化与中原文化交流和融合     

论冷战的历史根源

1990年11月,美国总统布什在巴黎正式宣布冷战结束。而关于冷战的讨论并没有随之完结,事实上,只有当人们从长达近半个世纪的冷战梦魇中醒来之时,才有可能将其作为一个完整的历史过程,进行全面系统的考察,重新认识其历史全貌,并对其作出恰如其分的历史定位。本文就冷战的历史根源问题谈一些新的认识。     

《美国历史评论》:第一份科学的美国历史杂志

《美国历史评论》是美国主流的核心历史刊物,更是“第一份科学的美国历史杂志”。它是19世纪末西方史学职业化的产物,也是美国史学科学化、职业化的标志。100多年来,它坚持严肃的专业态度,坚持和发展了自己的栏目内容和形式,主旨是为了繁荣和发展美国的历史学术。它最初不是美国历史协会的机关刊物和出版物,但由于业务发展的需要,《评论》最终成为美国历史协会的“旗舰”。有人批判《评论》内容方面的保守,但细心考察会发现它是美国史学发展的晴雨表,尤其反映了第二次世界大战前后美国史学发展的趋势和变化。     

日本人历史认识问题的症结点

如何看待日本近代历史,尤其是对外战争历史,在日本社会一直是一个有极大争议的问题。本文即从日本的基本政治立场、影响国民的无构造史观、战后的反省程度以及片面的被害意识等方面,分析日本人历史认识问题的症结所在。     

The Mediation and Remediation of Disaster: Hurricanes Katrina and Felix in/and the New Media Environment

Hurricanes Katrina and Felix made landfall in 2005 and 2007 on the Gulf Coast of the US and the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua respectively. Despite many economic, political and cultural differences between these two sites, they share a number of interesting similarities. Their inhabitants are subject to similar modes of racialized Othering and internal colonialism, and both places have vital links with the transnational cultural consciousness that Gilroy referred to as the Black Atlantic. Katrina and Felix also occurred at a time when centralized forms of media are increasingly perceived to be in crisis. This crisis is creating new spaces for the development of alternative ways of knowing, watching and making media. This paper draws on recent literature on decolonization by Mignolo, Escobar, Quijano and others to explore the prospects for decolonizing energies within the new media environment and a context of devastation wrought by neoliberalism and disaster. This research examines disasters in/and the new media environment, and suggests that activists should understand the distinctions between mainstream (or corporate) and alternative media, between top‐down and grassroots media, and between “old” and “new” media, in relational and non‐categorical rather than absolute terms. These media realms should be engaged from an awareness of how they interact with and impact upon one another. This research also suggests that disasters must be understood as ongoing and open‐ended events embedded within historical, social, cultural, economic and political processes and systems. Media, policymaking and emergency management practices that are informed by an awareness of this complex embedding, and which are therefore able to take a long‐term view of the unfolding of disasters, will be best equipped to engage effectively, and in democratically responsive ways, with disasters and in particular with the needs of those populations most vulnerable to their impacts.     

略论傅作霖在华之工作

本文研究葡萄牙传教士傅作霖入华进京的背景、在华期间的活动情况和科学工作,特别指出傅作霖长期参与和主持钦天监的日常工作,参与天文仪器制作,乾隆时期还参与了大地测量工作,对中西科学交流做出了贡献。     

湘粤古道的历史变迁

湘粤古道是南岭走廊路程最短的过岭通道,由几条南北纵向的路线为主干,并以几条东西横向的路线联通,构成一个水、陆混合的完整路网体系,以郴州—宜章—乐昌为主线,其他为次,经历了四个大的发展阶段。先秦时期处在民间自发的探索阶段,没有形成明确的路线。秦汉时期,随着中原王朝对岭南行政管理的政治需要,湘粤古道作为沟通南岭南北最便捷的官道得以正式确立。六朝至唐宋时期,政治、经济中心逐渐东移,湘粤古道的作用有所降低,部分路线进行了调整。元明清时期,商品经济的快速发展使湘粤古道的货运功能得以急剧扩张,除原有的路线进行整修扩建外,还新辟了不少路线,相互之间的联接也更加完善,最终形成了定型的路网体系。     

"间岛问题"的历史真相及中日交涉的历史经验

20世纪初,日本帝国主义以中朝边界纠纷和朝鲜移民的保护权为借口,蓄意制造了所谓的“间岛问题”,并由此在中日之间挑起了长达三年的外交争端。事实上,早在日俄战争前后,日本就将其军事、政治、经济势力以非法的手段和途径向延边乃至东北渗透。“间岛问题”只是日本帝国主义用来混淆视听、遮人耳目以达到公开夺取中国延边地区的借口。在中日交涉中,中国官员依据扎实的历史文献考证、实地勘查和国际法条文,通过开展移民实边和加强军备等措施,粉碎了日本帝国主义的阴谋,捍卫了国家的领土。     

作为历史研究本体论范畴的历史进步观及其内涵

历史进步观是十八世纪启蒙思想家提出的一种区别于历史循环论和基督教神学史观的新历史理论。历史进步观念关于世界历史具有统一性,人类社会的发展呈现出模式以及科学推动人类社会进步等观点构成我们当代历史思维的基础。后现代主义对这些理论观点进行了挑战。他们也批判历史进步观的所谓“启蒙运动构想”。这使得讨论历史进步观的理论内涵在今天仍具有现实意义。     

对《澳新协定》历史成因的解读

1944年1月21日,澳大利亚与新西兰签订了《澳新协定》。这是西南太平洋地区两个重要的英联邦国家之间签订的有关区域安全与社会发展的合作协定。该协定的签订有着复杂的历史成因。太平洋战争爆发后,盟国建立的对日作战磋商与合作机构以及盟国召开的一系列战略会议对澳方利益的忽视迫使澳大利亚做出反应;英国无力保障太平洋地区英联邦国家的安全,为澳新两国承担这一地区的防御既提供了动力,又创造了条件;澳新在西南太平洋地区存在的特殊利益必然要限制美国对这一地区的影响;而在澳大利亚看来,与新西兰的合作是保障西南太平洋区域安全以及促进该地区经济和社会发展的关键所在。在这些因素作用下,澳新两国把盟国的磋商机制发展成为以协定的形式来体现的双边合作机制。     

论启蒙时代的历史观

一般把18世纪初到1789年法国革命前的那些年月称为启蒙时代。这一时期,是启蒙运动“真正重要的阶段”^①。作为深刻的思想化革命,18世纪的启蒙运动,以启蒙理性主义冲击了几乎所有的思想化领域,包括自然科学、哲学、伦理学、政治学、经济学、历史学、学、教育学等,开创了启蒙时代的化新气象。其中,历史学作为一个新兴而重要的思想领域,其知识地位得到首次确认,形成了独特的印记并产生了多方面的影响力量。     

The Language of Historical Education

James F. Voss and Mario Carretero, (eds.) Learning and Reasoning in History. International Review of History Education