VON THUNEN AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HIS WORK FOR THE GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE

Von Thünen's classical model of agricultural location was published in the Soviet Union in Russian translation in 1926, a hundred years after its original publication in Germany, but was soon denounced as a bourgeois theory seeking to optimize location from the point of view of minimizing production costs or maximizing the profit of the entrepreneur. The view that the von Thünen model was not applicable to Soviet conditions was stated as late as 1966 in Vol. V of the Kratkaya geograficheskaya entsiklopediya [Short Geographical Encyclopedia], pp. 196, 525. A Moscow University agricultural geographer, in reassessing the von Thünen model, now points out that its objective of determining optimal production systems for a given set of physical (land quality) and economic (market) conditions is shared by anyone who seeks the most highly cost-effective form of agriculture in a particular setting.     

绝处逢生的生命之旅

<正>生命,是一条艰难的峡谷,只有勇敢的心才能通过。生态学把生命看作是生物圈中物质循环过程的中心环节。换言之,有了生命,就有了一切。生命是鲜活的,也是强大的。在旅途中,我们会领略迷人风光,会感叹自然的伟大,但总会有那么一两眼景色直敲我们心底,震撼我们的心灵。生命,便是这样一种奇观。当你还在感叹生命为何如此脆弱时,不妨看一下这些在逆境中依然傲放的生命。美国西部的犹他州沙漠一向以干     

IMPRESSIONS OF MAIZHOKUNGGAR

<正>Maizhokunggar County sits in a river valley in the middle reach of the Yarlung Tsangpo River.With an average elevation of over 4,000 meters,it has many river valleys and grasslands.It boasts an exceptional location,long history,splendid culture,and beautiful natural environment.Maizhokunggar     

SEPARATION AND SPECIALIZATION OF LAND USES IN CITYPORT WATERFRONTS: THE CASES OF SAINT JOHN AND HALIFAX

The paper postulates that there has been a movement of port functions away from the city centre that has allowed that area to take on an urban orientation; thus separate and specialized areas of port activity and urban activity have developed in cityport waterfronts. The waterfronts of Saint John and Halifax for the period 1875–1978 are studied to illustrate the concept of separation and specialization of land uses. Reasons suggested for such developments relate to technological changes in transportation and cargo-handling and the declining dependency between the port and city.
La communication postule que les fonctions du port se sont éloignées du centre de la ville, ce qui a permis à la région de s'urbaniser; de ce fait, les activités portuaires et les aetivités urbaines des quais de ces villes-ports ont subi un développement propre et spécialisé. On a étudié le développement des quais des villes de Saint-Jean et d'Halifax pendant la période allant de 1875 à 1978, afin d'illustrer le concept de division et de spécialisation dans l'utilisation des différentes zones. Nous proposons que les raisons de ce type de développement sont basées sur les changements technologiques survenus dans le domaine du transport et de la manutention des marchandises, ainsi que sur la diminution de la dépendance entre le port et la ville.     

1. INTRODUCTION: MULTIPLE TIMES AND THE WORK OF SYNCHRONIZATION

In this essay, which introduces the History and Theory forum on Multiple Temporalities, I want to discuss how the existence of a plurality or a multiplicity of times has been conceptualized in the historiographical tradition, partly by entering into a dialogue with recent writers, historians, philosophers, sociologists, anthropologists, and literary scholars, partly by returning to the eighteenth century, to the origin of “the modern regime of historicity” (Hartog). In these theoretical and historical investigations I aim to do two things: on the one hand, to explore and discuss different ways of conceptualizing multiple times, in terms of nonsynchronicities, layers of time, or natural and historical times; on the other hand, to trace how these multiple times have been compared, unified, and adapted by means of elaborate conceptual and material practices that I here call “practices of synchronization.” From the eighteenth century onward, these synchronizing practices, inspired by, but by no means reducible to, chronology have given rise to homogeneous, linear, and teleological time, often identified as modern time per se, or simply referred to as “progress.” In focusing on the practices of synchronization, however, I want to show how this regime of temporality during its entire existence, but especially at the moment of its emergence in the eighteenth century and at the present moment of its possible collapse, has been challenged by other times, other temporalities, slower, faster, with other rhythms, other successions of events, other narratives, and so on.     

中国金银纪念币图稿及样币评审委员会工作漫谈

中国现代金银纪念币伴随着我国的改革开放政策的发展而发展已走过了二十年的路程,经历了从无到有,项目品种从较单一到较众多,反映和表现了中国历史文化和当代社会发展的方方面面,拥有了一定的国际地位,并在经过数年的市场洗礼和随着新世纪的到来已走向了成熟与发展调整的最好时期。     

THE VALUE OF HISTORICAL FIELD WORK

Born in Oklahoma City in 1939, educated at George Washington University, the University of Central Oklahoma, and the University of Oklahoma, Baird taught for a decade at the University of Arkansas, Fayettmille, and for another ten years at Oklahoma State University before accepting in 1989 the Howard A. White Professorship of History at Pepperdine University. He and his wife, Jane, are the parents of a daughter and a son. In addition to numerous articles, Baird has published eight books on the history of Native American peoples in Oklahoma and two on the history of medicine in Arkansas. He has been president of the Western History Association and chair of the Oklahoma Foundation for the Humanities. From 1989 to 1991 he served as president of Phi Alpha Theta, whose advisory council he now chairs. Bairds presidential address was delivered in December 1991 at the 70th Anniversary Phi Alpha Theta convention held in Chicago.     

印制局历史货币工作纪事--纪念中国钱币学会成立20周年

1979年初,根据中国人民银行领导指示,为更好地弘扬中华货币文化,为给国家创汇,印制局开始策划,在保证现行货币生产供应的同时,本着勇于探索的精神,大胆开发了金银纪念币（章）,并涉足历史货币工作。推动我国钱币事业全面地展开。 这里纪录的仅是历史货币工作（1979.5-1982.6）较为重要的事件。     

THE NEW LIFE OF TIBETAN FARMERS

From 2006 to 2010,Tibet Autonomous Region launched thecomfortable housing project, a program for completely regulating and upgrading the living standards of local residents. The project allowed 274.8 thousand households (about 1.4 million farmers and herdsmen)who had previously lived in substandard residences to transfer to safe and comfortable new houses while the whole region in Tibet is enjoying web and telephone access.All townships and villages,and 80 percent of constructed villages,can now access r...     

THE PUBLIC LIFE OF ECONOMIC INCENTIVES

Many current proposals for policy reform call for the use of economic incentives. The growing application of economic incentives in a number of policy areas necessitates continuing critical examination of the claims for and the criticisms of their use. Early empirical evidence on the implementation of incentive schemes serves to shed light on the validity of some of the supporting and opposing arguments. By continuing the assessment of the viability of economic incentives, this study reveals that incentive alternatives face obstacles to use stemming from implementation problems, but political and philosophical issues pose greater threats. Nevertheless, the use of incentives can best be defended on political and moral grounds. Political resistance can be overcome and incentives can be employed effectively, if incentive schemes are understood as fostering one form of social interaction in a mixed regime.