The Scottish Parliament,Regulation and Land Use Planning

Constitutional reforms are taking place in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. These offer the opportunity to bring about a more effective policy framework for a range of policy areas including land use planning. In Scotland, the introduction of the Scottish Parliament in 1999 could allow the improvement of spatial planning policy and practice in a variety of ways, including bringing a more strategic approach at regional level, introducing a national plan and ensuring greater links with innovative community planning exercises. Such improvements could ensure a more sustainable environment as well as a more inclusive society and could offer lessons for similar practice in other contexts.     

政府委托旅游规划合约的改进:一个交易成本的视角

本文选取具有代表性和主导性的政府委托旅游规划合约作为研究对象,采用新制度经济学的交易成本分析方法,通过梳理政府委托旅游规划合约的委托代理关系,剖析了这类合约低效率的根源所在,并从政府委托旅游规划合约的委托方与代理方角度探寻交易成本的来源;最后,从降低合约交易成本的角度,提出防范委托风险和代理风险的政府委托旅游规划合约改进的对策建议.     

Export of Planning Knowledge Needs Comparative Analysis: The Case of Applying Western Land Consolidation Experience in Central Europe

Phenomena abroad is receiving increasing attention and exporting planning knowledge meets specific difficulties. This article tries to sustain two claims. First, it claims that advising and comparative research are linked, because the more options are known, the more likely it is that a well-suited strategy can be chosen. The second claim is that comparative analysis can be conducted on a number of levels of increasing complexity. These levels are referred to in this article as exhibiting, valuing, explaining and advising. Furthermore, each higher level analysis can only be applied after going through the former level. This article uses the case of land consolidation as an example.     

The Meaning and Purpose of Interdisciplinary Studies As Applied to Development Economics

Abstract

There are three distinct reasons for interdisciplinary work in development studies. First, specialists in different disciplines may work together on a specific practical planning problem. Second, assumptions, concepts or method evolved in one discipline may yield fruitful results when applied to the problem previously treated by another. Third, the concepts, model and paradigms may have to be recast so as to encompass variable previously separated in distinct disciplines because of tbe demand of the social reality of a different culture. This is illustrated with the concept ‘capital'. There is a conservative and a radical version. In the former, new wine can be poured into old bottle; in the latter, wholly new concepts and models must be constructed.