北阴阳营一凌家滩玉器的分析

北阴阳营、凌家滩属江淮地区,时间一先一后。通过对玉器赁抖、器形、工艺的对比分析,说明凌家滩继承并发展了北阴阳营的玉化,已进入产生宗教信仰的新阶段。江准地区与东北、黄河下游、太湖流域共同刨造了中国史前的玉化。     

北阴阳营——凌家滩玉器的分析

北阴阳营、凌家滩属江淮地区,时间一先一后。通过对玉器质料、器形、工艺的对比分析,说明凌家滩继承并发展了北阴阳营的玉文化,已进入产生宗教信仰的新阶段。江淮地区与东北、黄河下游、太湖流域共同创造了中国史前的玉文化。     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗南宝力皋吐新石器时代墓地

南宝力皋吐墓地位于内蒙古自治区扎鲁特旗鲁北镇东南约40公里,东北距道老杜苏木10公里,南距南宝力皋吐村2公里,地理坐标为东经121°19′、北纬44°24′,海拔高度220米(图一)。墓地所在区域为波状起伏的半沙化草甸,生态植被十分脆弱,是大兴安岭南麓草原与科尔沁沙地的交错地带。这里地势开阔,起伏平缓,平均落差仅5米,地表     

巴林左旗友好村新石器时代墓地发掘

友好村墓地位于赤峰市巴林左旗隆昌镇友好村西约1.5公里处一较高山梁的顶部,西北距旗政府所在地林东镇约10公里,东距乌尔吉木伦河3.5公里（图一）。2011年7—8月,为配合集通铁路复线工程建设,内蒙古文物考古研究所与巴林左旗辽上京博物馆联合对友好村西北的二道梁遗址进行了第二次发掘。发掘过程中于遗址西侧一山梁的顶部发现近期遭盗掘的10余座古墓葬,墓葬周围发现遭盗掘出的烧过和未烧过的人骨、新石器时代泥质红陶片等,遂对该处墓地进行了清理发掘。现将清理发掘情况简报如下：     

湖北荆门龙王山新石器时代墓地发掘简报

2007年6月至11月,为配合湖北省荆门220千伏南桥输变电站工程建设进行了龙王山新石器时代墓地考占发掘,发掘面积1700平方米,共发掘清理大溪文化至屈家岭文化时期的墓葬203座,出土器物逾万件,质地有陶器、玉器等。这批墓葬的规模及随葬品数量的多寡不一,显示当时的社会分化情况已十分明显,为研究长江中游地区史前时期大溪文化与屈家岭文化之间的关系以及史前文明进程提供了十分宝贵的资料。     

洛阳北窑西周墓地性质初探

洛阳北窑西周墓地,埋葬人员庞杂,随葬大量毁坏的兵器和车马器、随葬器物分层埋葬和无嫁女的媵器等特征,不仅与其它地区西周贵族墓地有明显不同,而且与西周时期实行的族葬墓制度也不合,结合《周礼》关于西周墓葬制度的相关记载,联系到这里曾是“成周八师”的驻防地,我们认为这处墓地是“成周八师”阵亡将士的“陵园”。     

内蒙古扎鲁特旗南宝力皋吐新石器时代墓地C地点发掘简报

C地点共清理墓葬37座,为圆角长方形土坑竖穴墓,多数墓葬为单人仰身直肢葬。随葬品主要是陶器,器物组合以筒形罐和壶为主,还出土石器、骨器、玉器等。C地点墓葬的文化内涵与此前发掘的A、B两地点新石器时代墓葬应属同一种文化,可暂称为南宝力皋吐类型。     

山西垣曲北白鹅墓地出土铜盒

2020年4～12月,山西省考古研究院在垣曲北白鹅墓地抢救发掘了9座两周之际贵族墓葬,出土了铜、玉、石、金等文物500余件套。其中,铜盒7件,M6出土5件,M4和M9各1件。铜盒均制作考究,应为墓主生前所用之器,其性质及功用有待讨论。     

山西襄汾陶寺北墓地的两座春秋墓葬

陶寺北墓地位于山西省襄汾县陶寺村北,因盗墓被发现,从两周之际延续到战国时期。2015年、2016年山西省考古研究所等单位在墓地中部偏西北处共发掘春秋中晚期竖穴土坑墓10座,其中四座墓葬出土青铜器,本次简报报道了其中的两座。这批资料丰富了晋系青铜器的内容,对研究春秋中晚期青铜器演变具有重要意义。     

浅谈新石器时代出土陶器的考古修复

根据陶器质地、火候的差异使用不同的粘接剂是陶器修复的关键;补配材料及作色材料的应用得当,将使出土陶器再现当年风采。     

河南地区新石器时代生业方式初探

本文通过梳理河南地区动植物考古研究成果,对新石器时代(距今10000年—4000年)河南地区豫北、郑洛和豫西南三个区域的生业方式进行了初步的综合研究和探讨。研究表明,新石器时代中期河南地区是以采集渔猎为主、种植农作物和饲养家畜为辅的生业模式,经过新石器时代晚期的过渡,发展为以种植农作物和饲养家畜为主、采集渔猎为辅的生业模式;新石器时代末期,农作物中新加入了大豆和小麦,家畜中新加入了黄牛和绵羊,多种农作物种植和家畜饲养方式逐渐形成。人类对动植物资源的掌控、文化和资源的交流是生业发展的主因,同时自然环境对生业起到了制约和促进两方面的影响。在古代社会发展与文明进步的进程中,生业起到了不可或缺的重要作用。     

Liangzhu and Centennial Archaeology: The Underestimated Neolithic Age in China

The discovery in Yangshao, Mianchi, Henan in 1921 marked the beginning of modern Chinese archaeology. Nowadays, Chinese archaeology has gone through a full 100 years. Through the hard work of generations of archaeologists, Chinese archaeology has achieved sustained growth and development. Chinese archaeology has been advancing for a century and has made great contributions to the construction of Chinese history and culture. Archaeology has important practical significance in contemporary times. Archaeological exploration is not limited to discovering the past, but also lies in the thoughts of gazing at history in the current context. Chinese archaeology in the new era is committed to integrating the spirit of this discipline into cultural construction and social life, so as to learn the new by reviewing the past. After more than 80 years of archaeological exploration, many large tombs of the Liangzhu culture were discovered one after another, mainly including burial of jade, from the 1970s to the end of the 1980s. The ritual jade artifacts such as cong (a long hollow piece of jade with rectangular sides) and bi (jade disk), as well as the differences in the levels of tombs, all reflect the high development of Liangzhu society. The ancient city of Liangzhu was discovered in 2007, and the water conservancy system was confirmed in 2015, pushing the Liangzhu culture to the height of national civilization. In 2019, the Archaeological Ruins of Liangzhu City was listed as a World Heritage site.     

Evidence for a Neolithic Age fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system in the lower Yangtze River Delta,China

Establishing stable cropping systems was vital in antiquity, assuring certain yields and enabling ancient people to settle, thus possibly causing various modern food habits and culture to form around the world, especially in cereal-cultivation-dominated countries. China, one of the most famous ancient agricultural countries, has a long history of rice planting, and the fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system is prevalent in the lower Yangtze region, which is considered a rice domestication center. However, its origin and cultivation pattern remain unclear. We studied a famous agricultural vestige, the Chuodun site, involved in rice planting in the lower Yangtze River Delta in eastern China, during the Neolithic Age. Clear evidence from archaeology, paleobiology, pedology and biogeochemistry suggest both that the rice fire-irrigation cultivation system formed during the Neolithic Age and that ancient peoples lived there steadily. Under this extensive cultivation system, soil structures and properties changed significantly; in particular, it left more black carbon in the soil and increased the organic carbon soil stability, which can be used to reconstruct prehistoric environments. Meanwhile, the prevalent fire-irrigation paddy cultivation system used by farmers in this area, though for a different purpose than ancient people, may be inherited from the Neolithic Age.     

Strontium isotope analysis and human mobility during the Neolithic and Copper Age: a case study from the Great Hungarian Plain

From the Late Neolithic to the Early Copper Age on the Great Hungarian Plain (4500 BC, calibrated) a transformation in many aspects of life has been inferred from the archaeological record. This transition is characterized by changes in settlements, subsistence, cultural assemblages, mortuary customs, and trade networks. Some researchers suggest that changes in material culture, particularly the replacement of long-occupied tells with smaller, more dispersed hamlets, indicates a shift from sedentary farming villages to a more mobile, agropastoral society that emphasized animal husbandry and perhaps secondary products of domestication. In a previous study (Giblin, 2009), preliminary radiogenic strontium (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) isotope data from human dental enamel showed that Copper Age individuals expressed more variable isotope values than their Neolithic predecessors. These data provided support for the idea that Copper Age inhabitants of the Plain were acquiring resources from a greater geographic area, findings that seemed consistent with a more mobile lifestyle. In this article a larger sample from human and animal skeletal material is used to re-evaluate earlier work and shed new light on the transition from the Neolithic to the Copper Age in eastern Hungary. The expanded sample of strontium isotopes from human dental enamel shows that ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values are more variable during the Copper Age, but the change is more pronounced in the Middle Copper Age than in the Early Copper Age. These results, along with recently published complementary research, indicate that the transition from the Late Neolithic tell cultures of the Plain to the more dispersed Copper Age hamlets was more gradual than previously thought, and that the emergence of an agropastoral economy does not explain changes in settlement and material culture.     

新石器时期中原地区谷物加工技术初探

本文从考古发现的石磨盘、石磨棒中的石磨棒的形制入手,讨论了石磨棒的使用方式,指出滚压是史前粟脱壳加工的有效方式,揭示了中国先民7000年前就已经熟练运用滚压技术的事实。     

东北新石器文化格局及其与周边文化的关系

本文依据典型遗址层位关系、器物形态比较、碳14测定数据等材料,将东北11个文化区的新石器时代文化自早至晚区分为三个阶段七个时期,确定了各种文化所处的时空位置。分别从遗址分布、房址、墓葬、生产工具、生活用具、原始艺术品、经济类型等7个方面,概括了东北地区新石器时代考古学文化的基本特征。通过文化比较,讨论了东北文化区与中原地区、山东半岛地区、俄罗斯贝加尔湖地区、俄罗斯远东南部地区、朝鲜半岛地区史前文化的交流与影响。     

成都市新都区新石器时代晚期土坑墓提取与保护

2008年1月,成都文物考古研究所与成都市新都区文物管理所在对一新石器时代晚期聚落遗址进行的考古发掘中,清理出土了二座竖穴土坑墓,其中M1墓葬人骨基本完整,具有较高的研究价值,但因年代久远和有害环境的影响,骨质已粉化,不便于直接提取人骨。为了有效地保护这一新石器时期人类骨骸,为后期的科学研究保存下这一珍贵的实物资料。决定采取套箱法对整座土坑墓进行提取的方式保护人骨,经过多方试验,确定采用A305黏结剂修复骨架裂纹,用GSA-102保护剂,B365作加固进行保护。经观察表明,本次土坑提取与保护取得了良好效果,并制定了一套科学的保护方案。该土坑墓的成功提取和科学保护,为今后在潮湿环境中的古遗址保护提供了可供借鉴的经验。     

广西贵港市上江口新石器时代遗址的发掘

该遗址位于广西贵港市上江口村郁江边。1996年发掘,堆积共3层,可分两期,约为新石器时代中期、晚期。发掘证明了一期遗存早于二期遗存。前者出细长、厚体的石器,陶片以夹粗砂的红褐陶、红陶为主,胎较厚,饰绳纹,可见罐、釜类;后者出宽短、薄体的石器,陶片以夹砂红褐陶为主,新出胎薄的夹细砂黑陶和泥质红褐陶,除素面外,见拍印曲折纹等,有鼎、甑等。二期新出双肩石器和南传的陶鼎,文化面貌有了变化。