简说张爱玲小说中的女性形象

张爱玲凭借着她个陛化的体悟和独到的笔调,创作出一个个满目疮痍、格调苍凉的故事,故事中活跃着一个又一个女性。这些女性无论怎么挣扎、怎么拼搏、怎么奋斗,最终命运都是一样一苍凉凄美,没有出路。本文主要从以下几个方面来探究张爱玲笔下的女性悲剧：一是封建枷锁钳制下被男权社会所规定了的女性悲剧,二是物欲的膨胀造成的女性悲剧,三是作为人的基本欲求的情欲的压抑与缺失造成的女性悲剧,四是女性自身性格缺陷导致的女性悲剧。     

《生死场》中的女性悲剧意识

本文以《生死场》为例,总结其中典型女性的生命轨迹,并对女性悲剧命运的缘起进行分析,最后,将女性的悲剧命运上升为人生、民族的悲剧命运,考察其整体悲剧意识在《生死场》中的体现。     

略论萧红小说的“女性关怀”

萧红在小说中始终如一地以女性视角与女性生命体验为切入点,从生与死的痛苦、心灵与肉体的折磨等多重层面展示了中国广大妇女的生存真相与悲剧命运,并且多方面深刻挖掘女性悲剧的根源。萧红小说的“女性关怀”命题,在20世纪中国女性文学史上有着独特的价值与意义。     

女性悲剧命运的透视——张爱玲《半生缘》解读

《半生缘》中,张爱玲以独特的女性生命体验塑造了顾曼桢、顾曼璐这两个典型的女性形象,书中对她们生存困境的书写不仅展现了女性的生存悲剧,更实现了对人性的超越。在书中,张爱玲对女性悲剧命运的书写涵盖了三个层面．即社会时代层面、文化层面和生命本体层面。     

从魏晋南北朝女性作品中看女性悲剧命运

在封建社会中,女性从来都被人为是男性的附属品而存在,因此她们的命运也多数具有悲剧色彩。在大量的女性作品中可以反映着一点,在社会动荡变革的魏晋南北朝时期这种悲剧性更加突出。本文将从魏晋南北朝的女性作品入手分析,从亲人分离的无奈、独守空房的咏叹、壮志难酬的愤懑这三个方面解读当时女性的悲剧命运,从而了解当时社会女性心理。     

试论海派小说中女性悲剧的必然性

海派小说以描写都市生活为题材,关注生活在都市中的男男女女,他们的生存状态、精神状态自然就成了小说的主题。海派作家笔下的女人们,或多或少都带有悲剧色彩。本文试选取生活在旧上海的男人对于女性的影响这一特定角度,来分析作品中女性悲剧产生的必然性。     

浅议民间故事中女性形象的多样性

浩瀚的民间文学创造了很多优秀的人物形象,特别是其中的一些女性形象更是给人们留下了深刻的印象。本文主要以民间故事为基础,归纳出传统的美善象征、真实的丑角形象、悲剧的扮演者和时代的叛逆者四类女性形象,试图以此来打破人们以传统的单一视角对民间故事中女性形象的审视,从而进一步在多样性中展开对一个真实完整的女性世界的还原。     

女性解放的背影——虎妞形象新论

本文以"父权至上"和"三从四德"等文化观念为视角,对虎妞的人生悲剧进行了深入分析,认为,虎妞的反抗是大胆勇敢的、幼稚迷信而又顺从卑微的,男尊女卑的男权社会、封建迷信、经济困顿、女性独立平等意识的欠缺等都是虎妞不幸遭遇的根源。她的遭遇尖锐地揭示了二十世纪上半叶我国女性解放运动的艰巨性、复杂性和长期性,具有格外令人深思的意义。     

从《伤逝》看“五四”女性启蒙神话的瓦解

“五四”新文化启蒙运动在致力于“人的发现”主题时也将女性启蒙纳入自身体系当中,然而,由于启蒙自身的一些意识形态的纰漏和女性主体意识的缺失,女性主体的树立和解放只能是启蒙者的一个现代性想象。客观上,鲁迅的《伤逝》通过涓生和子君的爱情悲剧揭示了启蒙的徒劳与爱的神话的瓦解。     

论《红楼梦》中贾探春形象及其悲剧性

在《红楼梦》中,曹雪芹主要通过“结社”、“理家”、“反抄检”这三个情节,环环相扣,步步推进,完成了对贾探春形象的全面塑造,演绎了“才自精明志自高”的探春的悲剧命运。她的悲剧是女性被压迫的悲剧,也是人才被摧残的悲剧;是个人性格的悲剧,也是时代和社会的悲剧。     

Samuel Clarke’s Lives and husbands’ remembrances of their wives

ABSTRACT

Among the narratives of eminent divines and Christian worthies that Samuel Clarke derived from published sources and included in his many publications are the lives of fifteen early modern women, three of them written by their husbands. Humphrey Gunter’s funeral memorial of his wife Mary, Samuel Clarke’s life of Katherine, and Richard Baxter’s of Margaret have a personal immediacy and an affectionate detail often absent from the other biographies. In the contexts of both the original publications and Clarke’s texts, their depictions of spousal relationships reflect the tension between traditional commemoration and individual expression apparent in seventeenth-century narratives of women’s lives. The bonds each husband recalls celebrate the virtuous wife, though none of the recollections is as forthright as Baxter’s insightful recognition of Margaret’s complex character and her significant role in their marriage.     

中国古典四大民间故事略论

中国古典四大民间故事乃民族瑰宝,其故事中的女主人翁全都流露出民主意识的萌芽,自由意识的觉醒和对未来世界的探寻。她们既是中华女性的楷模,也是人类女性的偶像。无论是情节、主题、人物、手法,四大民间故事都烙有鲜明、深刻、独特的民族印记。     

The Life of Constantine,the Life of Methodius and the history of the Slavs in the ninth century: a reassessment

The Slavonic Lives of Constantine/Cyril (d. 869) and Methodius (d. 885) are generally considered to have been written shortly after the death of these two saints, and in any case in the ninth century. However, the present article tries to show that this contention is not conclusive. Instead, it argues for a later writing, in the course of the tenth or eleventh centuries, taking into account in particular the authors' use of older Latin sources on the same theme. As a result, the specific information from these two Lives is subject to caution, which has important consequences for the biography of Constantine/Cyril, for the modalities of the papal mission to Moravia, and more generally for the history of the Slavic countries in the ninth century.     

Effects of the ionospheric conductivity on the longitudinal structure of the F-region equatorial anomaly

A longitudinal comparison has been undertaken of the vertical ion velocities in terms of ion mobilities and the eastward electrojet currents in terms of the electric conductivities overhead the magnetic equator at African and West Asian regions to search for longitudinal differences in the developments of the equatorial anamoly. It is shown that the vertical ion velocities and electrojet currents in both regions are different. It is proposed that longitudinal differences in (k²_1i+k²_2i)/k_2i and K_1i/K_2i ratios give rise to a different vertical ion velocities in these regions. This is likely to cause different equatorial F-layer plasma fountain magnitudes resulting in different developments of the equatorial anomaly.     

A History of the Concept of the Stimulus and the Role it Played in the Neurosciences

The term stimulus, as it was used in science from its earliest appearance in the sixteenth century up to the beginning of the nineteenth century, shows a gradual progress in denotation from the physical object designed to produce nervous and muscular excitation to the generically conceived event or object that initiates sensory or motor activity. To this shift corresponds a shift in the understanding of sensory experience. Johannes Müller's law of specific energy of sensory nerves played a major role in the shift, and Hermann von Helmholtz gave the shift its most thorough philosophical explanation.     

On the origin of the term decussatio pyramidum

There is no consensus regarding the origin of the term decussatio pyramidum. Various anatomists of the past are honored by modern scholars, for example, Vieussens, Reil, and Collins. However, contralateral effects of brain lesions were already mentioned in Hippocratic treatises. Aretaeus of Cappadocia assumed that the anatomical reason for this phenomenon is the interchange of the nerves and called it chiasmos. This opinion was discussed in modern times and the anatomists used the term decussatio nervorum. The authorship of the first demonstration of decussatio pyramidum is given to Mistichelli (1709) and Petit (1710), but neither the term decussatio nor any of its vernacular forms are present in their work. A milestone in the history of the term is the Mémoire of Gall and Spurzheim presented to the Institut de France in 1808. In the French printed form of the Mémoire (1809), the word combination décussation des pyramides was used for the first time in anatomical literature.     

Two notes on the early history of the thema of Cherson

Abstract

1. The creation of a thema in Crimea: 841

According to the closely related accounts in De administrando imperio and in Theophanes Continuatus, the creation of a thema in Cherson was instigated by a report submitted to the emperor Theophilos by the spatharokandidatos Petronas Kamateros upon his return from a mission to Sarke1. Thus the dates of Petronas' mission determine the chronology of the creation of the thema.     

The Lore of Liu An and the Authorship of the Huainanzi

This article provides an alternative approach to the issue of the Huainanzi's authorship by exploring how it was related to the Liu An lore emphasizing him as a talented writer. Beginning with a redefinition of the concept of the author in early Chinese literature, the article first examines how Liu An as the author of the Huainanzi functions as the key to our understanding of the text in previous scholarship. The article then moves to investigate the materials relied upon by previous scholarship in defining Liu An as the author of the Huainanzi. The investigation reveals the conflicting messages in different sources regarding when and how Liu An was hailed as a talented writer, what the neipian would likely be, and whether or not Liu An presented the Huainanzi to the Han court. Finally, this article examines the formation of the Liu An lore, in which he is portrayed as a prolific writer especially associated with esoteric writings of the time, and argues that it is this Liu An lore that has defined the Huainanzi's authorship.     

Images of towns in Frankish Morea: the evidence of the ‘Chronicles’ of the Morea and of the Tocco

Abstract

In the summer of 1205 Raimbault of Vacqueyras, the troubadour who had shared Boniface of Monferrat's exploits in central Greece, exclaimed enthusiastically in Salonica:

‘Never did Alexander or Charlemagne or King Louis had such a glorious expedition, nor could the valiant lord Aimeri or Roland with his warriors win by might, in such noble fashion, such a powerful empire as we have won, whereby our faith is in ascendant; for we have created emperors and dukes and kings, and have manned strongholds near the Turks and Arabs, and opened up the roads and ports from Brindisi to St. George's Straits'.