海南小型旅行社电子商务运营模式分析——以三亚某旅行社为例

本文使用案例研究的方法,以三亚某旅行社为例,研究其电子商务运营模式,发现其运营中的优点及不足,希望能够给海南小型旅行社电子商务运营模式提供借鉴。     

海南小型旅行社电子商务运营模式分析——以三亚某旅行社为例

本文使用案例研究的方法,以三亚某旅行社为例,研究其电子商务运营模式,发现其运营中的优点及不足,希望能够给海南小型旅行社电子商务运营模式提供借鉴。     

谈传统旅行社的电子商务

电子商务的迅速发展,使得旅游者的消费习惯发生了巨大改变,也给传统旅行社带来了重要影响。随着各大电商企业纷纷进入旅游市场,传统旅行社也加入到了这个行列之中。本文从传统旅行社电子商务的发展背景、作用和内容三个方面进行了简单的归纳和总结。     

论B2C旅游电子商务的淘宝模式

基于目前我国旅行社电子商务平台预订中出现的问题,通过结合旅游综合性网站和淘宝模式的特点结合起来,创新的建立"B2C旅游电子商务的淘宝模式",这样不仅可以解决旅行社电子商务平台预订的主要问题,而且可以为游客维护权益,为旅行社树立品牌,为在线旅游拓展客源,形成三方共赢的局面。     

电子商务冲击下的旅行社营销策略初探

本文分析了电子商务的发展对旅行社行业冲击的现状和原因,对旅行社在电子商务冲击下如何进行营销做了初步探讨。     

电子商务下企业营销模式的探讨

随着电子商务在我国的不断发展,这也就带动了网上营销的发展,电子商务下企业营销模式,就是主要说网上营销与传统营销的相同点及异同点,网上营销也是企业的一种竞争手段,是通过互联网来实现网上营销的一种交易方式。电子商务是在因特网开放的网络环境下,实现消费者的网上购物、商户之间的网上交易和在线电子支付的一种新型的商业运营模式。本文就对电子商务下企业营销模式进行了简单的探析。     

新媒体时代中小旅游企业营销模式创新研究

本文首先概述了新媒体时代背景,其次分析了新媒体对旅游企业营销模式产生的影响和新媒体时代我国中小旅游企业营销现状,最后针对新媒体时代中小旅游企业营销模式创新提出了具体的举措,即中小旅游企业基于旅行社特性上的营销模式创新、中小旅游企业利用好媒体特性进行营销模式创新,希望能够促进中小旅游企业营销模式创新,推动旅游企业发展。     

电子商务在酒店中的应用研究

酒店应用电子商务,并不一定意味着需要自行开发复杂的电子商务系统。酒店企业引用电子商务有很多方式,无论是哪一种方式,电子商务的开展给酒店业带来了很大的优势。一、酒店电子商务的应用模式随着信息技术的发展,各个行业为了使用技术的发展纷纷引入了信息技术,当然酒店也不列外,酒店业也相继引入电子商务,然而电子商务在酒店里面的应用模式有很多种,主要包括以下几个方面。     

重庆大型旅行社经营模式创新研究

<正>正如许多学者和业内人士所注意的那样,与我国旅行社市场结构变迁过程相伴而生的是我国旅行社业的发展渐入困境,现行旅行社经营体系暴露出越来越多的问题。一、重庆大型旅行社经营模式概念(一)旅行社经营模式概念旅行社经营模式是指在经营过程中,采取的管理方式和进行的业务结构调整,组织结构的设置和旅行社规模的选择等一系列与旅行社经营活动有关的经营管理方式和方法。     

重庆大型旅行社经营模式创新研究

正如许多学者和业内人士所注意的那样,与我国旅行社市场结构变迁过程相伴而生的是我国旅行社业的发展渐入困境,现行旅行社经营体系暴露出越来越多的问题。一、重庆大型旅行社经营模式概念(一)旅行社经营模式概念旅行社经营模式是指在经营过程中,采取的管理方式和进行的业务结构调整,组织结构的设置和旅行社规模的选择等一系列与旅行社经营活动有关的经营管理方式和方法。     

旅行社产品需求个性化和网络采购

本从旅行社产品原材料的特点和旅游需求个性化趋势对旅游产品的影响的角度,分析了利用网络技术进行旅行社产品生产的必要性,并探讨了旅行社网上采购的B2B模式。     

Measuring Space-Time Accessibility Benefits within Transportation Networks: Basic Theory and Computational Procedures

Accessibility is a fundamental but often neglected concept in transportation analysis and planning. Three complementary views of accessibility have evolved in the literature. The first is the constraints-oriented approach, best implemented by Hägerstrand's space-time prisms. The second perspective follows a spatial interaction framework and derives “attraction-accessibility measures” that compare destinations' attractiveness with the travel costs required. A third approach measures the benefit provided to individuals by the transportation/land-use system. This paper reconciles the three complementary approaches by deriving space-time accessibility and benefit measures that are consistent with the rigorous Weibull axiomatic framework for accessibility measures. This research also develops computational procedures for calculating these measures within network structures. This provides realistic accessibility measures that reflect the locations, distances, and travel velocities allowed by an urban transportation network. Since their computational burdens are reasonable, they can be applied at the urban scale using a GIS.     

Measuring Space-Time Accessibility Benefits within Transportation Networks: Basic Theory and Computational Procedures

Accessibility is a fundamental but often neglected concept in transportation analysis and planning. Three complementary views of accessibility have evolved in the literature. The first is the constraints-oriented approach, best implemented by Hägerstrand's space-time prisms. The second perspective follows a spatial interaction framework and derives “attraction-accessibility measures” that compare destinations' attractiveness with the travel costs required. A third approach measures the benefit provided to individuals by the transportation/land-use system. This paper reconciles the three complementary approaches by deriving space-time accessibility and benefit measures that are consistent with the rigorous Weibull axiomatic framework for accessibility measures. This research also develops computational procedures for calculating these measures within network structures. This provides realistic accessibility measures that reflect the locations, distances, and travel velocities allowed by an urban transportation network. Since their computational burdens are reasonable, they can be applied at the urban scale using a GIS.     

Everyday travel for families with children using wheelchairs: parents’ perceptions of constraints and adaptation strategies

ABSTRACT

There is a norm assuming high mobility in the Western world today, which can increase the social and geographical exclusion of those who have limited possibilities to travel, such as people with disabilities. When it is a child who has the disability, travel-related constraints are likely to affect the whole family’s travel patterns. This study explores travel constraints among Swedish families with children with cerebral palsy who use wheelchairs. A time-geographical framework is employed. Interviews with parents show that these families’ everyday mobility is affected by authority, capacity and coupling constraints, and that it is often a combination of these constraints that makes travelling difficult. The families use different strategies to negotiate these constraints. In addition to strategies controlled by the families, the findings suggest that there is also a need for governmental support and a barrier-free transport system to enhance their mobility.     

Beautiful face,beautiful place: relational geographies and gender in cosmetic surgery tourism websites

Cosmetic surgery tourism is a significant and growing area of medical tourism. This article explores the gendered construction of cosmetic surgery tourism in different geographical locations through an analysis of destination websites in Spain, the Czech Republic and Thailand. We examine the ways in which gender and other intersections of identity interact with notions of space, place and travel to construct particular locations and cosmetic surgery tourist experiences. The relational geographies of skill, regulation and hygiene in discourses of cosmetic surgery risk are also explored. We conclude that accounts producing cosmetic surgery tourism as undifferentiated experience of ‘non-place’ fail to acknowledge the complex constructions of specific destinations in promotional materials targeting international consumers in a global marketplace.     

邮轮旅游供应链的旅行社激励机制研究:组织游客奖励还是营销推广扶持?

考虑到旅行社在我国邮轮旅游销售供应链中的重要性,邮轮港口所在地政府为推进邮轮旅游产业发展,普遍对旅行社实施两种激励政策——组织游客奖励与营销推广扶持。但两类激励政策对当地政府、邮轮公司及旅行社的效益影响尚不明确。本文首先建立“政府-邮轮公司-旅行社”三阶段主从博弈模型,以研究两种激励政策对两企业运营决策的作用机理,并给出政府在最大化市场需求目标下的最优激励政策。其次,借助数值仿真实验分析了不同情形下基于最优激励政策时市场需求和企业利润的变化。结果表明:站在政府角度,激励政策有两种选择——仅采取营销推广激励或者两种激励方式并存,而且最优激励设计受到补贴预算、旅行社营销推广能力及其岸上游收益的影响。站在旅行社角度,作为激励政策的直接受益方,其定价与营销努力决策会受到两类激励方式的不同影响;而对于营销推广能力较强的旅行社,可以依赖于政府奖励适当提高船票价格,以改善当前国内邮轮市场的低价竞争。站在邮轮公司角度,即使自身没有直接得到激励资金,其仍能间接获得激励政策所带来的红利。研究结论可为政府的邮轮旅游激励政策的设计提供理论参考,并为邮轮公司与旅行社在面对政府财政干预时提供决策建议。     

论旅游产业生态管理系统的构建

本文在简要回顾我国旅游产业发展现状与问题的基础上,提出了“旅游产业生态管理系统”的基本概念,并就建立旅游产业生态管理系统的问题进行了比较系统的研究和论述。其中重点探讨了建立旅游产业生态管理系统的必要性、构建思路、基本框架和主要研究内容等。     

A GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE INTEGRATION OF A LAND-USE MODEL WITH A TRANSPORTATION MODEL COMPONENT

Integrated land-use—transportation models are characterized as models in which the redistributive effects of one subsystem upon the other are explicitly defined and incorporated into the model's structure. At the core of integrated models is a linking procedure whose function is to transform the outputs of one model component into inputs for the other. Despite major efforts made in the past to build operational large scale integrated models, the structural properties of such models remain largely unexplored. This paper describes a general framework for an integrated model consisting of prototype model components. These are an iterative activity allocation model of the Garin-Lowry type, an equilibrium-assignment transportation network model, and a linking procedure. Given the level of analysis, this framework is shown useful for exploring the analytics of integrated models and, in particular, their equilibrium properties. By means of many simulation experiments based on an hypothetical numerical example, the operation of the model is demonstrated with an emphasis on the locational interpretation of the integration procedure. On the basis of the empirical results and considering the model's intrinsic assumptions, the following major findings can be cited. First, the effects of nontravel factors (such as basic employment and zonal attractions) upon activity distribution are stronger than effects caused by changes in the transportation system. The latter effects were found to yield nonlinear and, spatially, nonuniform changes in activity location which also tended to be larger in peripheral regions. Second, implicit in the specification of the integration procedure are behavioral assumptions regarding time-lags in locational adjustments made by activities in reaction to rising cost of travel. The present formulation implies that once located, activities do not revise their locational decisions despite substantial increases in travel costs. At the other extreme, all activities are permitted to readjust their locational preferences after the final interzonal travel costs are derived. The effect upon activity distribution of the latter specification is, of course, larger than that of the former, although less than the effect yielded by changes in nontravel factors. Regarding the equilibrium properties of the integrated system, both the theoretical and empirical analyses show that the entire model will converge into an equilibrium solution and that the corresponding trip patterns are also at equilibrium. These results will hold as long as the operation of the integrated models is completely controlled by the generation functions of the land-use model and the transportation model component only affects the spatial distribution of activities. Finally, the results from the simulation experiments indicate that the computed mean travel cost parameter tends to stabilize around a certain value as the level of demand for travel, within the system, rises. There is evidence that compensating changes in the location and composition of this demand are the main causes of this phenomenon. In light of these findings, it is possible to point to three key problems whose resolution could largely improve the predictive power of integrated models. First, it would be useful to define activity models in which the generation of activities is, among other things, a function of travel conditions. Second, currently formulated integrated models do not contain trip demand functions and, thus, demand for travel by an activity unit is regarded as completely inelastic. Third, different locating activities respond differently—over time and space—to changíng travel conditions, and models should, therefore, reflect explicitly such differences in activity behavior. A recent paper by Los [14], is an important contribution to the analysis of this issue.     

Reconsidering the Geography of Tourism and Contemporary Mobility

Tourism is one of the world's largest legal industries. At the same time that tourism has grown so has its study, to the extent that there is debate as to whether it may constitute a discipline in its own right. Geographers have long contributed to the study of tourism. However, there is substantial concern over the development of the sub‐discipline and how tourism is conceptualised. A framework for understanding tourism in relation to contemporary human mobility over space and time is provided. This framework bears strong relationships to research on time geography as well as to work on diaspora and transnationalism. Some of the implications of incorporating tourism within the framework of mobility are outlined with respect to mobility as a form of capital, the relationships between different forms of mobility, and an improved understanding of tourism's impacts at all stages of the travel process rather than just at the destination.     

Across the narrow sea: A Transnational Approach to Anglo-Dutch Travelogues

ABSTRACT

The busy traffic between England and the United Provinces in the seventeenth century produced travel literature by merchants, scholars, soldiers, and diplomats. What can these sources tell us about commonalities and differences among these travellers and between the nations?

This article provides a case study of a transnational approach, setting Dutch and English accounts side by side to enrich our understanding of how travellers sought out specific sites and institutions.

Strikingly, travellers reported on similar themes, such as royalty, universities and war, yet were also keen to draw contrasts with the visited country.

We show how these patterns of travel and imagery can throw light on Anglo-Dutch relations, providing us with the personal nuance often absent from official texts. Simultaneously, Anglo-Dutch relations affected the destinations and outlooks of travellers. The contribution of this article is its presentation of new material in an Anglo-Dutch framework.