用陕苏区改制代用币

1914年5月31日,北洋政府财政部与英、法、德、俄、日五国银行团签订《整理广东纸币办法及拨用盐款合同》,规定由善后借款中整顿盐务费内拨出一百万英镑为准备金,由中国银行发行伍元特别券,用于收回广东辛亥革命时军政府发行加盖军政府戳记的原广东官钱局钞票和此后的粤省军政府军用钞票。中国银行广东伍元特别券在许多著作和资料中都说是大洋券,暂没见有实物(只见有民国二年版中国银行伍元券加盖“广东”样票),柏文则认为是“发行五元毫洋特别券”,并对民国二年版广东省银行伍元加盖“中国”和“毫洋”字样券是否为特别券持有疑义(插三上图1…     

粤省军政府伍元通用银票探究

1911年11月12日,粤省军政府成立,胡汉民任都督,陈炯明为副都督,李煜堂为财政司长.广东军政府成立之初,为了解决资金短缺问题,计划发行"中华民国粤省军政府通用银票",其中伍毫面额100万元(计200万张),壹元面额600万元(计600万张),贰元面额200万元(计100万张),伍元面额1000万元(计200万张),合共1900万元,由上海商务印书馆使用绘石版以石印机印制. 1912年4月中,粤省军政府开始发行通用银票,首次发行630万元,占计划发行总额的30％.该套银票在市场流通不到两年半,于1914年7月由中国银行广东分行按面值4.55折收回.     

民国时期的四川教育公债票

二十年前,笔者觅得民国时期由四川省教育厅发行的四川省教育经费收支处公债票伍元券和壹元券。今将两张公债票简述如下：     

未出笼的袁世凯像中国银行钞

未出笼的袁世凯像中国银行钞袁世凯曾计划由中国银行发行有袁氏头像、面额１、５、１０、５０和１００元的五种钞券，由美国钞票公司承印。票面印有“中华民国三年十月四日印行”，但未加印地名和银行责任人签章，后未及发行，仅有少量流入集币者手中，以５０元券数量最少。成套者仅知有五套，分藏于博物馆及钱家手中。（《上海钱币通讯》２６期有耳）未出笼的袁世凯像中国银行钞@有耳     

中国银行“特别券”初探——一枚负有特殊使命的纸币

<正>民国三年(1914年)七月,中国银行发行广东地名5元大洋"特别券"收换广东滥纸币,此事不少著作、文章都有记载。可"特别券"究系何种纸币?大多数著作、文章都未曾论及,少数文章虽曾述及、然距真相甚远。为填补中国银行纸币、民国纸币研究的这一空白,为揭开其神秘面纱、还其庐山真面貌,笔者不揣冒昧,对"特别券"的资料进行初步梳理。个人陋见、不当之处,请识     

民国的银行和法币

文学史上的“鲁迅时代”(五四至抗战前夕,或者更广一些,向前延伸到1898—1936年),也是我国社会经济史、货币史上的一个重要时代,就是开始设立银行和发行现代纸币的时代。 在《鲁迅全集》里面,多次出现“中国银行”、“交通银行”、“浙江兴业银行”的字样,以及“中券”、“交券”、“中交票”(意即由中国银行和交通银行发行的钞票)等。这都是时代的印迹。     

冀鲁边区银行发行的伍元和壹角纸币

在笔者收藏的冀鲁边区银行印制和发行的纸币中,有两种比较少见的伍元和壹角券。关于这两种纸币,《中国历代货币大系》第11卷及相关钱币书籍均无集录。此两种纸币的发现,对研究北海银行及其冀鲁边区银行的发展史,具有重要的参考价值。伍元券。票幅148×76mm,正面蓝色,图案及印制年代与《中国历代货币大系》第11卷244页537、538图的伍元券基本相同,所不同是加盖红色“冀鲁边”、“春”字样,以区别山东抗日根据地北海银行胶东等分行发行的伍元券。冀鲁边伍元券背面为紫色图案,由主景楼阁和两个“5”字等图纹构成,下加盖两个红色“106325”号码…     

苏南抗日根据地货币珍品──惠农银行券

苏南抗日根据地货币珍品──惠农银行券童子玉,马汉民惠农银行成立于１９４２年１２月,是我党创建的苏南抗日根据地的第一家银行,行址设在苏南丹阳延陵镇。１９４３年１０月,由于日军扫荡,战争形势紧张,惠农银行因此停办。惠农银行曾发行过货币（简称惠农券）,但由于该行历时不到一年,发行货币时间短,加上惠农券后来基本全部被收回销毁,故遗留下来的实物几乎是凤毛麟角。上海人民出版社出版的《中国历代货币大系·新民主主义革命时期人民货币》及江苏科学技术出版社出版的《华中敌后货币》二本专著中,虽然都记载了惠农银行,但都因没有钞票实物而没有附上惠农银行发行的货币,不免使人感到相当的遗憾。中国人民银行中国钱币博物馆珍藏有惠农券伍元、拾元各一种,这是研究苏南抗日根据地货币的珍贵实物资料。我们特将其披露,以飨广大读者。伍元券（图上）：道林纸质,横式,红色,票幅１３．２×７．６厘米,正面上方印有行名“惠农银行”四字,行名两侧是号码,右边为农村小景图,右下角有行长蓝色签字,左边有中文币值“伍元”两字,左下方有“中华民国三十一年印”字样,四角有大写中文“伍”字,下方花边框内满印中文“惠农银行伍元”字样。背面印有花纹图案,上方有英文行名“ＴＨＥＢ     

李鸿章像券初探

正"李鸿章像兑换券",系大清银行在美国钞票公司订印,因"票上镌有李鸿章像"(1)而名之,亦称"李鸿章像券(票)"、略名"李像券(票)"。辛亥国变,大清银行改为中国银行,李像券未发行者为中国银行接收、改印、发行,其券(图)读者并不陌生。唯所见相关记述稍欠详实,该券底细还有不为外界所知者。为此,笔者不揣浅陋、草拟本稿,对大清银行订(续)印及中国银行接收、改印、发行李像券等相关情形进行初步梳理,探究其全貌。     

日伪时期汉口流通的钞票

武汉沦陷后,汉口市面曾经流通过三种钞票,即法币、军票和储备券.现分述如下:1938年10月25日日军侵占汉口,法币允许流通,法币即国民政府中央银行、中国银行、交通银行以及中国农民银行所发的钞票、日军当局规定中央、中国、交通三种钞票中票面在10元(包括10元)以下者,仍准流通;票面为50元及100元则禁止使用.中国农民银行所发行的钞票,全部停止使用.     

THE TIME OF THE SELF AND THE TIME OF THE OTHER

What is time? This essay offers an attempt to think again about this oldest of philosophical questions by engaging David Hoy's recent book, The Time of Our Lives: A Critical History of Temporality, which proposes a “history of time‐consciousness” in twentieth‐century European philosophy. Hoy's book traces the turn‐of‐the‐century debate between Husserl and Bergson about the different senses of time across the various configurations of hermeneutics, deconstruction, poststructuralism, and feminist theory. For him, what is at stake in such a project is to distinguish between the scientific‐objective “time of the universe” and the phenomenology of human temporality, “the time of our lives.” Hoy's approach is to organize his book around the three tenses of time—past/present/future—and to view objective‐scientific time as derived from the more primordial forms of temporalizing lived experience that occur in our interpretation of time. In my reading of Hoy's work, I attempt to explore how “time” (lived, experiential, phenomenological) can be read not in terms of “consciousness” (Hoy's thematic), but in terms of the self's relationship with an Other. That is, my aim is less to establish a continental tradition about time‐consciousness, understood through the methods of genealogy, phenomenology, or critical theory, than it is to situate the problem of time in terms of an ethics of the Other. In simple terms, I read Hoy's project as too bound up with an egological interpretation of consciousness. By reflecting on time through the relationship to the Other rather than as a mode of the self's own “time‐consciousness,” I attempt to think through the ethical consequences for understanding temporality and its connection to justice.     

人地关系观、规划观的历史轨迹初探——兼论城市规划观的未来趋向

本文探讨了人地关系观及规划观的历史演变,结合后现代主义思潮,对城市规划今后发展方向提出一系列建议。     

“中华民国中央银行钞票”揭秘

“中华民国中央银行钞票”存世极少,十分珍贵。其面值见有壹元、五元两种(插二下),其中壹元票长144,宽89mm;五元票长160,宽92mm。钞票正面,上端均为篆书“中华民国中央银行钞票”、下侧均有篆书“中央银行发行”字样,中间则分别为隶书“壹元”或“五元”之面值,四角分别有“壹”和“1”或“五”和“5”的面值数,底纹均为由无数“中央银行”小字纵向排列而成的放光芒图案;钞票背面,中间分别为“壹元”或“五元”面值,面值两侧分别有“1”或“5”字面值数。吴筹中先生曾在1990年第三期《中国钱币》上刊出过一张五元票的黑白图版,当时他认为是…     

THE LOCATION OF THE TREASURY OF ATREUS

Summary.   The Treasury of Atreus, the largest and most impressive of the nine tholos tombs found at Mycenae, stands by itself at the southern edge of a bowl in the east slope of the Panagia ridge. This paper argues that the tomb was constructed on this particular spot so that it would be seen from the trackways/roads that led to Mycenae from the east, south-east and south-west and from the main pathway to the palace. The view of the acropolis hill and Mt. Profitis Ilias from the space occupied by the earthen mound above the tholos also appears to have influenced the choice of location. It is suggested that the position of the Treasury of Atreus was, like the tomb itself, a political statement, calculated to show that the ruler who built the tomb succeeded in extending the territory of Mycenae across the central Argolid.     

THE STATUE OF THE GOODESS OF MERCY

TheGoddessofMercyinthePotalaPalace,measuring93cmhighand10cmwide,enjoysfameasgreatasthestatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhismintheJokhangMonaSteryThisisbecausetheTibetansbelievetheGoddessofMercyisthegoddessfromwhomSongtsanGambowasreincamatedtosavetheTibetans.CreatedintheearlydaysoftheTuboKingdom,thestatuehasbeenstandinginthePotalaPalaceformorethan1,360years.Althoughitsufferedfromtheransackingthatfollowedeachwar,itwasretumedtothepalacemiraculouslyintheend.DuringthereignofTuboKingDarmaW…     

THE CENTENNIAL OF THE FOUNDING OF THE ASKANIYA-NOVA NATURE RESERVE

This article traces the history of the creation and early precarious existence of the oldest Soviet nature reserve, Askaniya-Nova in the Ukraine, and represents part of the ongoing Soviet re-assessment of environmental history in that country (for a Western view, see [60]). It describes the protracted conflict between preservationist and utilitarian perspectives on land use in the reserve, the latter gaining ascendancy during the 1930s under Lysenko and Stalin. Of special interest is coverage of post-war “restoration” at the reserve, or more specifically, the continuation of less than ideal conditions up to the present (translated by Elliott B. Urdang, Providence, RI 02906).     

尼罗河畔文明物语

<正>尼罗河是埃及的母亲河,准确说更是生命线,一条郁郁葱葱的绿色生命线,置于茫茫的沙漠之中。埃及90%的人口,生活在这全国1/30国土的尼罗河畔。这条河见证了埃及古老文明的形成和兴旺,主导了两岸生灵的繁荣与衰落。跟随这条河,人们在历史的时空穿梭,跨过河上河下,遍看古代现代,游走神庙田舍,拥抱沙漠绿洲。我们在阿斯旺下火车,行李直接就送到斯蒂芬妮游轮了,我们要在尼罗河上航行三日,这是期盼许久的心念。有多久呢?算起来有40年了。自从1978年电影《尼罗河上的惨案》     

PROBLEMS OF THE LEVEL OF THE CASPIAN AND THE STABILITY OF ITS SHORELINE

The first of two papers on the problem of forecasting the level of the Caspian Sea evaluates factors widely believed to have been responsible for its lowering during much of the present century (including tectonic movements, climatic cycles, human activity). It concludes that previous forecasts have been inaccurate because of the failure to adequately model the complexity of processes involved, specifically the internal mechanisms of “self-regulation” of water levels. Continuation of the recent slight rise in the Caspian's level is predicted at least into the early 1990s (translated by Andrew R. Bond).