文明与国家起源研究的理论问题

根据对西方和中国文明与国家起源研究的历史回顾,文章探讨了中国考古学和历史学在国家与文明起源研究中的一些问题和现状。文章认为,中国的文明与国家起源研究应当超越以编年为目的的研究范例,将这项课题置于社会科学的整体框架中来进行研究,成为一个多学科交叉的探索领域。     

《庞迪我与中国》

《庞迪我与中国》秦海波庞迪我是西班牙耶稣会士迭戈·德潘托哈（ＤｉｅｇｏｄｅＰａｎｔｏｊａ,１５７１－１６１８）的汉语名字,在我国历史文献中亦称庞迪峨或庞迪莪。他１５９７—１６１８年在中国,是早期来华的最重要的西方传教士之一。１９９７年庞迪我抵华４００...     

以色列哈西德派初探

哈西德派是18世纪末产生于东欧的一支犹太民间教派。二战后,部分在纳粹大屠杀中劫后余生的哈西德信徒在犹太人的故地巴勒斯坦进行社团重建。哈西德派不是犹太复国主义者,其对该运动的态度经历了从强烈反对到逐步接受的过程。自视为犹太传统的真正捍卫者、拥有独立教育体系的哈西德派在以色列社会是一个相对隔离和孤立的宗教文化群体。为塑造以色列国家的犹太性和确保自身在宗教事务上的发言权,哈西德派有节制地参与以色列的政治生活,并形成政坛上一支相对稳定的力量。哈西德派的服兵役豁免权成为其与世俗犹太人矛盾与冲突的焦点。经济贫困和与主流社会的疏离已成为当前制约以色列哈西德派健康、正常发展的两大难题。     

哈萨克人的游牧生涯转场

早晨4点20分,哈列勒老人就跪在毡房内面向西方,做每天的第一次礼拜.在老人做完第一次礼拜后不久,天还没有放亮,哈列勒35岁的二儿媳古丽娜孜和24岁的四儿媳都曼就开始忙活了--她们先烧水做饭,紧接着就帮助男人拆卸毡房,整理什物,并进行装驼.     

年希尧的生平及其对艺术和科学的贡献

年希尧出身于汉军镶黄旗。凭着与雍正皇帝的亲密关系而官运亨通 ,但在仕途上并无大的建树。与其政绩平庸相比较 ,年希尧在科学和艺术上的贡献却不同凡响。他在景德镇陶瓷业的恢复和创新中 ,发挥了承前启后的作用。由他编纂的《纲鉴甲子图》被送往欧洲出版 ,引起西方汉学家的注意。他是最早接受并宣传西方对数计算方式的中国数学家之一 ,并热心推动西算与中学的结合。他还精于绘画 ,将西方的透视技法改编为《视学》在中国出版。而这一切 ,都跟他同西方传教士的交往和友谊分不开。     

漫话大马哈鱼

大马哈鱼,亦作大麻哈,学名鲑鱼,简称秋鲑鱼,它是黑龙江、乌苏里江及历史上松花江的珍贵名优鱼种。大马哈在清代、民国有关方志中又作大发哈,亦作达法哈、打发哈、达抹哈、答抹哈,达摩缺罅、达不害,或作达巴哈、达布哈、庄鱼等诸多异称,多为音转或     

华夏纪事

采访最前线揭开女王面纱扎西，哈瓦斯见识木乃伊之多、对它们的了解之深，恐怕无人能与之相比。为了方便摄影师加勒特拍照，哈特谢普苏特陈列柜上的一扇挡板被拆除，哈瓦斯得以借机与他的“老朋友”亲密接触。哈瓦斯是埃及古迹最高委员会秘书长、     

哈尼族民间歌曲──哈八

哈尼族民间歌曲“哈八”,又称“拉巴”,意为“歌”。唱“哈八”叫“哈八惹”、“哈八卡”、“哈八兹”。“惹”、“卡”、“兹”均有“念”、‘’唱”之意。“哈八”流于云南红河一带,每逢年节、婚嫁、盖房、聚会等隆重场合,哈尼族人多在餐桌前坐唱“哈八”。表演形式有两种,一种是一人主唱、听众伴唱;另一种是两人对唱、听众伴唱。“哈八”歌词内容丰富多彩。举凡自然、社会、人生等诸方面内容无不涉及,故有“哈尼族百科全书”之称。“哈八”曲调丰富,旋律和行腔同哈尼族语言紧密结合,似说似唱,庄重典雅的歌唱性和说白相结合。文…     

国外城市遗址博物馆管理开发实例的经验与启示

城市遗址博物馆,因其所处的空间特点,更因其遗址和文物经历了历史的筛选、时间的考验,它的发展,特别是其相关文化产业的发展对一座城市,一个区域乃至一个国家和民族文化的传承、传播与创新有着巨大的推动作用。然而,目前我国城市遗址博物馆及其相关文化产业项目的发展存在内容与形式方面的多种问题。而西方发达国家则因其发展较早,以及秉持一贯的市场化与产业化的理念,并且对该类博物馆的相关产业延伸内容重视程度较高,在该类博物馆的管理与经营方面相对成功。本文通过对西方具有典型性和代表性的城市遗址博物馆的经营管理现状进行梳理、分析与提炼,力图在总结其成功经验的同时获得有效的,可供国内该类博物馆及其相关文化产业项目发展借鉴的启示。     

京族哈灯舞蹈与巫术“问天答灯”——巫术与舞蹈开出的“祝福之花”

多重的人类文明现象交叉混合成了这一人类所特有的文化现象,它总是散发着一种迷幻诱人的色彩。京族是一个神秘而且特别的民族,这个由南海波涛守护的民族有着一种特别的“哈灯舞”,这是一朵散发着浓浓祝福味道的由巫术与舞蹈共同开出的“祝福之花”。     

“一带一路”倡议下中国与克罗地亚贸易投资合作研究

克罗地亚是马可·波罗的故乡,作为中东欧地区的重要国家、古丝绸之路的重要一站,对推动“一带一路”倡议的有效实施具有重要作用。本文基于2013—2020年中国与克罗地亚贸易投资合作数据,对“一带一路”背景下两国的贸易投资合作进展及其贸易投资中的互补性和竞争性进行分析。结论发现：中国在中国与克罗地亚的贸易投资合作中处于相对核心位置;中国与克罗地亚的贸易投资合作更具互补性,竞争性较弱,存在较大合作潜力。目前,中国与克罗地亚的贸易投资稳步发展,今后可进一步扩大中国与克罗地亚的贸易投资合作领域和范围,加强两国在优势产业、基础设施、旅游和服务外包项目等方面的合作。     

东北亚地缘政治特点与中韩经贸合作趋势

本文在简述亚太及东北亚地区战略格局的基础上,分析了东北亚地区的地缘政治的两个特点,探讨评价了中韩两国经贸合作的基础、原因,取得的成绩以及存在的不足,指出了两国今后经贸合作的趋势与方向。     

THE RELEVANCE OF THE WORLD‐SYSTEM APPROACH IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION OF ECONOMIC FLOWS AND NETWORKS

Is world‐systems analysis of any relevance to present‐day economic flows? By using methods in line with the world‐system and dependence theories, we show that economic flows – trade and foreign direct investment – still deeply separate core and peripheries. On the one hand, through the analysis of the trade by products, we show that core countries hold on to a higher position in the international division of labour. On the other hand, by using network method, we highlight that core countries are still characterized by the intensity of their reciprocal relations while peripheral countries have few economic relations with a limited number of core countries. Moreover, the article demonstrates that this core–periphery division of the world has not lost its pertinence; it is as relevant as at the end of the sixties. In the current era of globalization, economic flows are still deeply structured by basic power relations between core and peripheries. However, the article also develops a theoretical framework to understand dynamics of the world‐system and insists on the emergence of Eastern Asia as a new core area, notably by showing the rising position of some East Asian countries in the international division of labour. We conclude by underlying the necessity to integrate world‐system and global network theoretical frameworks.     

SOVIET ASIAN-PACIFIC TRADE AND THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET FAR EAST

During the 1970s and early 1980s it was generally accepted, by both Soviet and Western specialists, that in the Soviet Far East the expansion of exports to the nations of the Pacific Basin offered a solution to the region's economic problems. However, recent policy statements suggest the rejection of this export-led development strategy. This study examines the changing structure and dynamics of Soviet trade with the Asian-Pacific region. At present, for a combination of economic and political reasons, Soviet trade with the Asian-Pacific region is dominated by exports of machinery and equipment and petroleum to the socialist nations of the region, inasmuch as Japanese demand for Soviet natural resources is stagnant. Therefore, because of the resource orientation of the Far Eastern economy, contemporary trade relations do not favor the expansion of the Soviet Far Eastern export base. Consequently, the future role of the region in the national economic system will be determined largely by the availability of domestic capital investment funds.     

THE FORGOTTEN WOMEN: A HISTORY OF MIGRANT LABOUR AND GENDER RELATIONS IN VANUATU

Writing on the labour trade focuses on the question of whether Melanesian labourers recruited to work in Australia and Fiji were kidnapped slaves, or willing volunteers. This debate about victims versus actors tends however to be constructed from the viewpoint of the male recruit. The small minority of Melanesian women who were recruited are typically seen as motivated to go because of love or sexual relations with men, and are sometimes portrayed as ‘prostitutes‘. Through an examination of some primary sources, secondary interpretative histories and the oral history of one region of Vanuatu, this paper queries this image of women in the labour trade. It suggests moreover, that the labour trade must be seen as having dramatic effects on relations between women and men in Vanuatu's villages.     

Australia's foreign policy links with Latin America: distant relations

In more recent years, Australia's relations with the countries of Latin America have taken on more importance as the trade and investment links between the two regions have grown. Besides this recent activity, Australia has a long history of diplomatic relations with the countries of Latin America, even though the links between the two regions have at times been fairly superficial. This relationship, like many others, has tended to concentrate on mainly trade relations and, despite Latin America's often turbulent political history, has not been affected much at all by political issues. The purpose of this article is to analyse the development of foreign policy links between Australia and the countries of Latin America in their formulative stage between 1901 and 1973.     

CANADA'S INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE AND PROSPECTS UNDER FREE TRADE

Canada is currently involved in renegotiating its tariffs in the present discussions on the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (gatt). Although official policy seems to be cast in terms of sectoral tariff cuts, reflecting Canada's trading strengths and weaknesses, there has been strong advocacy by some economists that Canada should enter free-trade agreements with the United States or preferably on a multilateral basis (Daly and Globerman, 1976; Economic Council of Canada, 1975; Wonnacott, 1975). The recent books advocating free trade are persuasive in mood and argument but their authors follow "the established orthodoxy of most economists in this country over the past two decades: foreign investment is, of itself, not a problem except to the jaundiced eye of the (nationalist) beholder. The tariff is the real villain … There are no problems, in this view that a good dose of free trade and free capital markets will not cure" (Rotstein, 1972, 2). So, we are faced with a paradox: on the one hand some economists, including those working for the Economic Council, are strongly committed to the argument that free trade will lead to manufacturing success for Canada while on the other hand the nation is experiencing its worst negative balance for secondary manufactured goods. Canada's trading partners have indicated increasingly that Canada does not produce finished goods of the type they require at attractive prices. This anti-export syndrome is a product of the high exchange value of the Canadian dollar (till early 1977) and the high basic cost of Canadian goods.     

The Political Economy of Class Compromise: Trade Unions,Capital–Labour Relations and Development in North East Brazil1

Abstract: This article investigates how capital–labour relations (encompassing processes of class formation, representation, struggle and compromise) impact on emerging regions’ developmental trajectories. It does so because much of development studies portray labour simply as an input (human capital) subordinate to more fundamental processes such as capital investment and accumulation. The paper draws on and extends insights gained from the “new working class studies” and global commodity chains literatures in order to examine evolving capital–labour relations—from relatively militant struggles to class compromise—in an emerging sector of North East Brazilian export horticulture. It identifies sources of workers’ structural and associational power and uses these to explain significant gains achieved by the region's rural trade union during the formation of the export horticulture sector. It then asks, why, despite continuing structural power, the region's trade union has entered into a class compromise with the leading employers via (a) reducing its militancy and its strategy of striking against employers to win concessions, and (b) shifting its objectives in terms of concessions sought. It speculates on the impacts of these changing class relations on the region's developmental trajectory.     

A Stake in Place? The Geography of Employee Ownership and its Implications for a Stakeholding Society

In recent years employee ownership has become a means by which some workers facing privatization, closure or takeover have attempted to defend their jobs and communities. Proponents of a 'stakeholding' society have advocated the widening of share ownership as a means of democratizing the economy, building partnerships and achieving consensus at work. But is employee ownership able to sustain local investment and industrial partnership? Through a detailed case study of a management and employee buyout in the railway industry, I suggest that the ability of employee ownership to fix investment in place may be enhanced by relations of 'stakeholding', increasing employee commitment to the firm and its future. In the case studied here, however, lack of employee power and finance effectively excluded most workers from the processes and philosophy of the buyout. The new ownership structure did little to reshape local relations between workers and those in control. While ownership cannot eradicate economic threats to community, it might, if used as a mechanism to promote new styles of management and employee commitment, foster long-term success. It is argued that government and trade unions can do more to promote wider employee ownership and participation at work in the future.     

广州跨国机构的时空过程及其动力因素研究

在"思想全球化,行动地方化"的今天,跨国行为的迅猛发展导致众多跨国机构在城市的落户。随着跨国机构的不断发展且在国际社会发挥重要作用,相关研究逐渐引起关注。广州作为中国最重要的城市之一,外贸地位重要,国际化发展程度较高,但是跨国机构在城市的发展却极少受到关注。选取进驻广州的跨国机构为研究对象,通过分析跨国机构的类型及结构功能,研究其在广州的空间历程及其进驻因素。探讨广州跨国机构的时空分布过程及其内外影响因素的研究表明,伴随着广州城市空间重构和重心东移,跨国机构的时空特征表现为不断向城市东部分布和转移的过程:从历史时期在沙面的国际化经营,到改革之初在环市东的初步集聚,而2000年以后则表现为向天河北和珠江新城的分布和迁移。跨国机构进驻广州的原因,一方面源于广州区域中心功能、优越的地理和交通位置、发达的对外贸易的吸引;另一方面则体现了跨国机构发挥其地区总部管理和辐射功能的需要,并在此基础上地方和全球网络联系的建立。