Islam in Tribal societies

Ahmed, Akbar S., and David M. Hart, eds. Islam in Tribal Societies: From the Atlas to the Indus. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1984. vii + 343 pp. including chapter references and index. $21.95 paper.     

Languages of Stateness in South Lebanon's Palestinian Gatherings: The PLO's Popular Committees as Twilight Institutions

Public authority beyond the state has often been seen as isolated from the state and/or constituting a threat to the state. Recent scholarship, however, has started to conceptualize ‘state’ and ‘non‐state’ forms of public authority as closely connected and interdependent. This article contributes to this theoretical shift by means of a qualitative case study of public authority in Palestinian refugee camps in South Lebanon. Lebanon's Palestinian camps are routinely characterized as ‘states‐within‐the‐state’, undermining the sovereignty of the Lebanese state. Yet, as this article demonstrates, both a generic state idea and the specific Lebanese state system constitute crucial benchmarks for the Popular Committees that govern informal Palestinian settlements. The article therefore conceptualizes the Popular Committees as ‘twilight institutions’ and explores the ‘languages of stateness’ that they adopt both communicatively, vis‐à‐vis Palestinian competitors, and coordinatively, vis‐à‐vis Lebanese counterparts. This reveals that the Popular Committees emulate the Lebanese state institutions they come into contact with, to bolster their own authority. They do this partly to be viable interlocutors for Lebanese state institutions; this suggests that the Popular Committees’ non‐state authority might validate rather than challenge state authority in Lebanon, and that state and non‐state authority can be mutually constitutive.     

Local Colour: Megalithic Architecture and Colour Symbolism in Neolithic Arran

Recent approaches to megalithic architecture have emphasised the importance of considering monuments in relation to the experience of place. Such approaches have taken two forms: emphasizing the relationship between experience and the internal architecture of the monument, or the nature of the experience evoked by the presence of the monument within the landscape. This paper argues that the importance of stone colour in relation to the construction of megalithic monuments contributes to an understanding of place and landscape as well as providing evidence of the symbolic and aesthetic aspects of colour in the past.     

Colour in Minoan faience

The microstructures and chemical compositions of some 15 faience objects from Crete spanning the period from Middle Minoan IIIA through to Late Minoan IA are determined using analytical scanning electron microscopy. The Minoan faience is compared with replicate faience beads produced in the laboratory using various combinations of manganese, copper and iron as colorants. The alkali contents of the replicate beads are varied so that the colorants are present both as ions in a glass phase and as particulate oxides. These data are then used to try to infer the original colour of the Minoan faience, the great majority of which has suffered severe weathering during burial. The results suggest that instead of the present day “hallmark greys and browns” and “subtle greens and blues”, Minoan faience originally exhibited a wide range of colours, including bright turquoise blue, purple and violet, and pale yellow-green and greenish turquoise.     

论三角缘神兽镜所见古代日本对江南文化的吸收

三角缘神兽镜的研究是中日两国学界共同关注的课题。本文认为日本出土的三角缘神兽镜是长江中下游地区的吴镜传统在日本的延续,它是经南路进入日本的吴地铜镜本土化的结果。     

History Is in the Land: Multivocal Tribal Traditions in Arizona's San Pedro Valley

The San Pedro Ethnohistory Project is a collaborative researchinitiative between the Center for Desert Archeology and fourIndian tribes whose ancestors lived along this ancient naturaltravel route (4). Realizing the substantial data about the SanPedro River Valley reflected few native voices, a team of archeologistsand anthropologists designed the project to include participationfrom four area tribes with ties to the area—the TohonoO’odham, Hopi, Zuni, and Western Apache. Each of the tribeshave "distinct oral traditions that provide an anthropologicalcontext for interpreting the history and archeology" of thevalley (6). The project included fieldwork     

自由与平等的道德观简

文章提出自由、平等、道德这三个日常生活中常碰到的词,关于它的意思和真正价值需要认真地思考。首先要从道德的角度去理解自由和平等这两个概念,然后又从自由和平等的角度去理解道德,并把这种理解放到日常生活中,最基本的是不要制造痛苦,不要制造暴力。     

Colour Symbolism in the Folk Literature of the Caucasus

Colour associations are analysed indirectly by a study of oral traditions and legends, using methods developed in structural anthropology. Colours are considered not in isolation, but mainly in contrasting pairs or in sequences. It has been found that a specific colour could have different associations in different conditions, and that generally the associations are more abstract than concrete.     

《吐鲁番出土文书》词语释

章就《吐鲁番出土书》中与饲养牲口及行程有关的几个词语进行考释,以补充《汉语大词典》等大型辞书收录词语的不足。     

敦煌变文词语例释

有关研究敦煌变词汇的章已有六七十篇。但敦煌变中的词汇就像无尽的宝库,总是有挟发的地方。本选择其中数例词语,加以考释。