明长城军堡选址的影响因素及布局初探——以宁陕晋冀为例

明长城军堡是与长城唇齿相依共同承担防御任务的一系列屯兵城。作者通过对我国北方近百个军堡实地考察,结合相关史料,初步探讨军堡的选址问题,提出影响军堡选址的因素主要有长城的位置、受作战距离制约、传统风水理论和地形四点,其中地形对军堡选址的影响最直观体现古人"因地形用险制塞"的军事防御思想,根据军堡与自然地理的关系将军堡分为四类,并通过实例分别予以介绍。     

历代耀州窑釉料渊源关系的初步分析

耀州窑是我国古代名瓷窑。为了探讨历代耀州窑釉料之间的渊源关系,用中子活化分析(NAA)技术测定古耀州瓷釉样品和耀州窑博物馆附近粘土矿样品中29种元素的含量,将这批NAA数据进行模糊聚类分析,得到动态模糊聚类分析图。结果表明：唐代的黑瓷釉原料产地非常集中,矿料成分单纯。宋代青瓷釉料配方比较稳定,五代青瓷具有承前启后的作用。金代月白釉料成分和宋代青瓷釉料接近。唐三彩蓝釉料与其他耀州瓷釉料来源明显不同。     

特大型风景名胜区居民社会调控雏议——以青海湖国家重点风景名胜区为例

针对青海湖国家重点风景名胜区这一特大型风景名胜区的生态及社会经济地位和作用,综合分析了其社会发展的现状特点及存在问题。在此基础上,对青海湖国家重点风景名胜区内的居民社会调控问题进行了初步研究。提出了风景名胜区优化城镇及乡村居民点体系、加强经营管理、健全社会组织、分区分类实施居民社会调控的基本思路和主要措施。从而为特大型风景名胜区的居民社会调控以及景源保护与开发、经济社会发展、生态环境建设探索有效的途径。     

古书画损毁机理初探

通过对古书画损毁机理加以分析,认为光和热和老化作用,酸性物质的降解作用和霉菌的污染是古书画损毁的主要原因;颜料的老化与变性,明矾在装潢的使用及人为因素损坏是古书画损毁的重要因素,建议通过控制保存环境,改进修复方法对古书画进行有效保护。     

CERAMIC PRODUCTION,PROVENANCE AND USE—A REVIEW*

The contribution of the physical sciences to the reconstruction of the production technology (i.e., processing of raw materials, forming, surface treatments and firing methods) for earthenwares, stonewares, porcelains and stonepaste bodies are summarized. The organization of production and the reasons for technological choice are considered. Provenance studies based on both chemical analysis and thin‐section petrography are discussed, with the investigation of Minoan and Mycenaean pottery being taken as the case study. The approaches to determining how pottery vessels were used in antiquity are outlined. Finally, future developments in ceramic studies are briefly considered.     

邢台南小汪周代遗址西周遗存的发掘

<正> 南小汪遗址位于邢台市市区西北部。这是一处范围很大的周代遗址,经初步调查,大致在今京广铁路以西,小黄河以北,达活泉以南,因南小汪村位于遗址北部而得名(图一)。 南小汪遗址南与曹演庄、南大郭等殷商遗址相连,西北与南大汪战国墓区相望。五十年代调查试掘的西关外西周遗址,实际上即是南小汪遗址的一部分。近年来,邢台市市政建设发展迅速,南小汪遗址绝大部分已被建筑所压。在施工过程中,时有周代遗物出土,如在郭守敬大街左右两侧的市一中附近、中华路宿舍区、团结路南侧等地,均曾发现大量的周代陶器鬲、盆、豆、罐等,有的地方还发现马坑和小型墓葬等。这些都表明南小汪遗址是一处规模较大、埋藏丰富的周代遗址。     

河北省迁西县东寨遗址发掘简报

<正> 东寨遗址位于河北省唐山市迁西县罗屯乡东寨村西750米处的一沙丘东坡之上。大秦铁路由此东西穿过,此遗址地处燕山南麓低山丘陵地区、西南面向甚宽阔的滦河河谷,四周的沙丘系滦河的第二级阶地堆积物。遗址西南距县城。30华里,西邻西寨村(图一)。 该遗址在1990年3月,由河北省文物局文物普查队在普查中发现,同年9月为了配合大秦铁路建设工程,河北省文物研究所派员对东寨遗址进行了抢救性发掘。发掘面积为112.2平方米,获得了一批新石器时代早期遗物。现将有关情况简要报告如下:     

2000—2018年全球恐怖袭击事件危害评价及时空演变研究

本文运用模糊综合评价、K-Means聚类等方法,探讨了全球恐怖袭击事件的危害程度及时空演变特征。研究发现：①发生频次最高的年份为2010年和2011年,地区为南亚、中东和北非,袭击类型为轰炸/爆炸,国家包括印度、伊拉克、巴基斯坦等;②危害程度越高的恐怖袭击事件其集中化程度越高;一级、二级事件主要分布在中东和北非、南亚等地区,三级、四级和五级事件主要分布在南亚、中东和北非及东南亚等地区;③空间上大致分为中东、中亚和南亚三大活跃区,菲律宾群岛等九大次级活跃区,爪哇岛和苏门答腊岛等其他风险区。本文对理解恐怖主义特征以及全球共同抵制恐怖主义具有重要参考价值。     

Derivation of New Equations for Prediction of Principal Ground-Motion Parameters using M5′ Algorithm

In this study, M5′ model tree is used to develop a model for prediction of peak time-domain strong ground motion parameters. The main advantages of model trees are that can be easily developed and their formulas are simple and understandable. Selected data from Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) are used to train the proposed model. Earthquake magnitude, earthquake source to site distance, average shear-wave velocity, and faulting mechanisms are used as input parameters. The developed M5′ based formulas are compared with those of well-known empirical and soft computing based models. The accuracy of the model is evaluated by statistical error parameters.     

Storytelling and meal experience concepts

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to explore how storytelling with local and regional origin can be used to develop meal experience concepts in restaurants. Focus is on Nordic food from the perspective of the experience economy. The first goal is to analyse the transformation of menus into experience concepts and dining areas into experiencescapes. The second goal is to investigate if storytelling activities in restaurants can lead to destination development. It is also reflected upon if meal experience storytelling in restaurants has implications for consumers’ everyday food consumption. Three cases in Sweden and Norway with different storytelling strategies are selected. In all these cases, the stories are unique, the places are linked to the stories and the personnel take part in the storytelling activities. The stories are easy to communicate and easy for the target group to connect to. The menus are linked to the story and are all based on local Nordic food culture and local food products. The menus are set and offered in experiencescapes that in various ways fit the stories. The concepts have contributed to the destinations with more visitors, more collaboration among businesses and increased media attention.     

Touchstones: some aspects of their nomenclature,petrography and provenance

Touchstones are pieces of fine-grained black stone which are used for assaying gold by comparing the colour of streaks made on the surface by alloys of known composition with the colour of the streak from an object of unknown composition. The technique has been in use since at least the 6th century BC.The petrographic aspects of the identification of touchstones are reviewed and 42 historical touchstones or museum specimens of similar looking stone are described, most of them including the results of petrographic examination.The results show that touchstones usually consist of sedimentary rock types, of which the most frequently occurring ones are tuffs, cherts and siltstones.     

商前期青铜斝铸造工艺分析与模拟实验研究

斝是一种酒器,夏代晚期已有出现,盛行于商到西周早期。关于斝的铸造工艺,前人也曾做过一些相关研究。我们通过对出土斝范的考古调研、对铜斝的实物考察和对其铸造工艺的模拟实验研究．认为黄冈博物馆所藏商前期铜斝是采用典型的三分法制作的。斝腹部凸起的棱角分明的兽面纹和柱帽上的涡纹,是在范面上制作出来的;斝腹芯和鏊芯是由芯盒制作而成;铸型不糊草拌泥也可单独阴干、焙烧并用于浇铸。     

Stochastic process and archaeological mechanism in spatial analysis

Statistical techniques for the study of spatial patterns (“spatial analysis”) are reviewed, and their foundations are examined so that archaeologists can more readily judge how appropriate they are for dealing with particular problems. The concept of “association” is seen as crucial to this question, and some archaeological interpretations of it are critically examined. The potential usefulness of various techniques is discussed. Details of the simpler techniques are given in an Appendix.     

A TECHNIQUE FOR CLASSIFYING URBAN PLACES IN TERMS OF DEVELOPMENT REQUISITES (with particular reference to Smolensk Oblast)

On the basis of a number of socio-economic and physical requisites, the prospects of future development are examined for all 28 urban places of Smolensk Oblast as of early 1973. The requisites are the economic-geographic (transport) situation, availability of water resources, labor resources, economic base, industrial terrain and housing. The urban places are assigned point scales combining these factors and are assigned to three categories (with very favorable, favorable and unfavorable prospects of development). The allocation of places to particular development classes is then tested statistically by association with two additional variables: population size and functional characteristics, and the corrections introduced by the procedure are analyzed. The prospects for further development are found to be most favorable for the six largest towns—Smolensk, Roslavl', Vyaz'ma, Safonovo, Yartsevo and Gagarin. (The study was completed before the founding in 1973–74 of two new urban places that are associated with major power stations under construction and are thus endowed with growth prospects: Desnogorsk, on the site of the Smolensk nuclear power station, and Ozernyy, on the site of the Smolensk peat-fired power station.)     

Effects of Base and Lift Joints on the Dynamic Response of Concrete Gravity Dams to Pulse-Like Excitations

Near-fault earthquakes with forward-directivity effects produce pulse-like excitations. This article studies the dynamic response of monolithic and cracked sections of gravity dam under symmetric and anti-symmetric pulse-like excitations. The pulses are generated by the modified Gabor Wavelet transform. Two main characteristics of the pulses are pulse period and amplitude. The prescribed cracks are located along the base and two distinct lift joints through the dam body. The dam is modeled along with its reservoir using finite element method. The effects of base and lift joints, pulses shape, period, and amplitude, and reservoir height on the dam dynamic response are studied.     

江苏徐州市汉代采石遗址发掘简报

徐州汉代采石遗址位于江苏省徐州市市区南部,2004年5～8月发掘。遗址地层堆积简单,但采石遗迹分布密集。采石坑数量大,反映的采石工艺较为多样,另外还有石坯坑、石渣坑、未完成坑、踏步、楔窝等。遗址内出土遗物丰富,主要为采石用的铁质工具和生活用的陶器等。遗址的时代为西汉时期,下限不晚于东汉早期。     

略论现代化国际性城市的基本特征

现代化城市具有总体布局合理、基础设施完善、环境质量优良、第三产业发达等基本特征;国际性城市则主要以经济实力雄厚、国际投资与金融机构众多、科技教育事业发达、城市风貌独特、连接国内与世界经济等为其标志。     

Septic bone changes in leprosy: A clinical,radiological and palaeopathological review

Infective lesions of bone in leprosy are of two types. In the rhinomaxillary syndrome, superficial infective changes in the bones of the maxilla are due to the presence of Mycobacterium leprae. Lytic foci in the medulla or the outer cortical surface may be due to Mycobacterium leprae at the site as granulomatous lesions. The most frequent infective bone changes in leprosy are, however, sequelae of regional anaesthesia and soft tissue ulceration. The bone lesions are due to pyogenic bacteria and the nature of these infective lesions is similar to that in non-leprous conditions. The pyogenic lesions in leprosy are restricted to the bones of the hands, feet and lower legs.     

我国城市化与经济增长的因果关系研究——基于1978-2007年东、中、西部、东北地区面板数据

本文选取1978-2007年中国30个省市的面板数据,运用面板单位根检验、面板协整检验及误差修正模型对我国城市化与经济增长的因果关系进行了检验。实证结果表明:从全国来看,城市化是经济增长的长短期原因,但经济增长是城市化的长短期原因均无法得到证实;东部地区的城市化与经济增长的长短期均互为因果关系;对于中、西部、东北地区而言,城市化是经济增长的长期原因,但不是其短期原因,长短期内经济增长都不是城市化的原因。     

北魏中后期纪年墓等级规制研究

<正>目次一地面封土与陵园建筑二墓道及过洞天井三墓室结构四随葬品组合五墓主身份六结语北魏由拓跋鲜卑建立,墓葬体现了多民族文化融合的特征。随着考古材料不断积累,纪年墓的资料日渐丰富,为探讨北魏中后期墓葬等级、丧葬制度提供了直接证据。目前发现的北魏墓葬近两千座,经考古发掘的不到一半,其中纪年墓信息较完整者有七十四座（附表）。纪年墓主要分布于平城和洛阳地区,墓葬年代则集中于北魏中晚期,其中最早的为太延元年（435年）破多罗太夫人墓,最晚是永熙三年（534年）李仲胤夫妇墓。本文主要通过墓葬地面封土、墓道规模、墓室结构、随葬品组合、墓主身份等反映的文化因素讨论北魏中后期墓葬的等级规制,