定居与近代蒙古族农业的变迁

清末放垦以前,蒙古族的农业种植业属于一种附属于游牧业的农业,带有明显的粗放经营特色。随着蒙地 的放垦,人口压力的增加,蒙族生态与社会发生了重大变化。 一个重要标志是定居的发生,从移动式蒙古包转向固定式蒙 古包或汉式土房子。在居住方式变化的同时,蒙族的产业也发 生变化。游牧业的萎缩使之逐渐接受农业,但一开始的农业仍 是传统的粗放农业,随着人口压力的进一步增加,种植业才逐 步集约化。     

高邮龙虬庄遗址史前人类生存环境与经济生活

本文通过对江苏省高邮市龙虬庄遗址新石器时代文化层中出土的哺乳动物（如家猪、家犬、麋鹿、獐、梅花鹿等）和水生动物（如龟、鳖、鲤鱼、青鱼、丽蚌、裂齿蚌、田螺等）的残骸、炭化稻米和文化堆积层中的水稻植物蛋白石的分析研究,得出以下结果;该地区史前人类的生存环境为芦苇丛生、水草茂盛、水网发达的河湖沼泽湿地平原环境,气候温暖湿润,当时的年平均气温比现在高出２℃左右;史前人类居住在河边湖滨的平地上,从事捕捞狩猎、家畜饲养和水稻种植,并且从早期到晚期,完成了水稻从野生型到栽培型的转化,稻种已从原始栽培稻突变为栽培稻,水稻的种类为粳稻。     

出土文献整理面临的机遇与挑战——从出土简牍谈起

20世纪尤其是改革开放以来,我国出土文献的种类与数量陡然剧增,内容广泛,对古籍整理、历史研究、考古断代、书法艺术乃至自然科学之天文地理皆具有重大价值,对我们这一代人来说是千载难逢的历史机遇,同时我们也面临新的挑战。许多出土文献未能及时整理,保护方面存在技术难关,流失现象开始出现,其原因与人才不足及协调管理力度不够相关。目前出土文献的保护与整理已受到各界人士的关注,各项积极措施已在跟进。     

岳钟琪与大清主子之间的“猫鼠游戏”

岳钟琪（1686—1754）,字东美,号容斋,汉族,清四川成都人。宋朝民族英雄岳飞的嫡传后裔。据《清史稿》载,钟琪之父岳升龙,康熙三十五年随驾西征葛尔丹,功擢四川提督。岳钟琪由捐同知改武职从军,康熙五十八年,“以先锋随康熙子永褪入藏”平乱,打箭炉大捷,擒叛军头子兰占巴,长途奔袭,神兵天降,占领拉萨。     

渭河平原古代农业的发展与变化——华县东阳遗址出土植物遗存分析

植物考古新发现揭示:仰韶文化早期,渭河平原处在农业起源的过渡阶段,采集狩猎在当地人类生活中的比重日渐衰落,以种植粟和黍两种小米为代表的旱作农业生产的比重日渐增强。仰韶文化中期:渭河平原完成由采集狩猎向农业社会的转变过程,进入到以农耕生产和家畜饲养为主导经济的农业社会发展阶段。夏商周时期:从西亚传入的小麦在渭河平原农业生产中的地位突然大幅度提升,种植规模扩大,在粮食消费中所占比重显著提升,虽然还没有完全取代粟和黍两种小米,但已经处在了与粟同等重要的地位,标志着中国历史时期的"南稻北麦"的农业生产格局即将形成。     

大地湾遗址农业植物遗存与人类生存的环境探讨

本文依据甘肃秦安大地湾遗址不同文化期农业植物遗存的形态鉴定及数量统计,表明遗址中最早出现(7800aBP-7350aBP)的是黍,尔后黍渐少,粟渐多.结合孢粉分析等相关环境考古学研究资料的证据,讨论了位于渭河上游葫芦河流域的先民们在8000aBP-5000aBP的经济活动及环境变化.     

论“生活世界”与民俗学——从胡塞尔的“生活世界”谈起

民俗学的生活世界,是以"胡塞尔生活世界"为基础,通过个体的身体感受来研究个体的生活世界。胡塞尔将生活世界看做是先于我们所有的实践、思想、本能而存在的先验前提,在此基础上,人类以文化语言、社会关系为中介,建构自我主体与对象主体之间的共通性。而民俗学者正是基于这一共通性来研究民众的生活与传承,理解并感受他人的生活。以关注具体生活状态、传统与个人性、身体感受为重点的表演理论体现了民俗学"生活世界"的核心内涵。     

内蒙古庙子沟、大坝沟遗址出土纺轮的分析与探讨

一、前言捻制纤维成线用于编织的工具在我国众多新石器遗址中亦有发现,称之为纺轮、纺专或纺坠。据孙机先生对汉代纺织工艺的研究,捻制纤维(主要是麻)的工序叫绩或缉,所用工具即称纺轮。一般为带孔圆饼形态,将轴杆固定于纺轮中孔,提调起来,捻动轴杆下端,纺轮依靠自身质量和惯性力在旋转中将纤维牵伸并加拈、轴杆顶端的钩子用     

耸肩尖足空首布的形制、来源及与其他空首布的关系——从寿阳出土的空首布谈起

考古资料表明,耸肩尖足空首布是春秋中期就已出现的金属铸币,一直沿用到战国早期。古钱学界一般根据裆部形态将其划分为弧裆、弧平裆(弧方裆)、平裆(方裆)三式[1]。这种耸肩空首布的来源以及它与中原地区铸造的平肩空首布的关系如何,一直没有得到明确的解决。 《考古》1996年3期报道了山西寿阳县上湖村出土的一批大型耸肩尖足空首布[2],现存71枚,简报将这批布币划分为A、B二型。值得注意的是,其中的三枚A型布币裆部呈半圆形,其弧度不仅比常见的弧裆尖足空首布宽、大,更重要的是其銎部作六棱形(图一),与同出的其他耸肩空首布有异。这给我们…     

Biopower,Life and Left Politics

Abstract: The terms biopower and biopolitics have been deployed in widely varying ways in recent critical political analyses. This essay seeks to rescue from the welter of its deployments a general understanding of biopower potentially useful to left political projects. First, recent iterations of the concept of biopower are surveyed. In the main body of the paper, a series of interventions in recent critical debates are used to trace out a critical re‐mapping of the concept of “life” that names the ends of biopower. Biopolitically relevant life is reconsidered in terms of its proper geographical scope, its gender, racial and ethnic specificities, its distinguishing vital qualities, and its relation to temporality (particularly the future). Through this exercise the notion of biopower is redefined so as to provide potential “docking points” for Marxist, feminist and green discourses, and conceptual resources for left struggles against global injustice.     

Motives and opportunities for domestication: an ethnoarchaeological study in southwest Ethiopia

Farmers of southwest Ethiopia are currently transplanting yams (Dioscorea cayenensis) from wild contexts to home gardens. Ethnoarchaeological study of this practice can inform considerations of agricultural origins in prehistoric times by revealing motives and opportunities that shape decisions to adopt wild-growing plants. In one part of the study area, case studies demonstrate that decisions to manipulate yams may arise mainly among individuals of a particular gender or household composition. Comparisons across the study area illustrate the effects of slight variations in environment and human mobility upon adoption of wild-growing yams. The social and environmental factors that favor or impede manipulation of yams are highly specific and nuanced, and operate on both intra- and inter-community levels.     

Settler Life Writing,Georgic Traditions and Models of Environmental Sustainability

The purpose of this article is to reveal that the settler life writing preserves the all-but-forgotten wisdom of traditional mixed-farming methods. My study focuses on the farm logs or journals kept by three members of the Sheppard family, British immigrants who settled in southern Alberta in the late nineteenth century to establish ranches. Pioneers such as the Sheppards imagined the prairies as an Eden where they could lead prosperous lives and radically transformed the prairies, changing the nature of that life form. I explore the Sheppard journals through a lens shaped by Virgil’s Georgics. There is value in the Georgics as a model of sustainability; thus, such analysis reveals a traditional, cyclical agrarian pattern in the journals from which emerges an ethic of sustainability.     

Capitalizing on Bare Life: Sovereignty,Exception, and Gender Politics

Abstract: This article examines the capital value of bare life as part of aid/development in (post)Taliban Afghanistan. I argue that the political production and spatial fixity of homo sacer “as the object of aid and protection” within specific geographic locations subsequently territorializes gendered bodies as a site for capital accumulation and exchange value through aid/development allocation. This occurs through a continual discursive reduction of “full or proper” human life to the remnants of bare life. This subjective reduction subsequently elicits capitalist‐modernity as a prime method for rescuing bare life and transferring it to an image (and imaginary) of western political and economic life. Gendered multiplicities of bare life emerge from variant forms of political and economic opportunity among aid/development workers and Afghan recipients. I argue that the discursive framing of bare life is situated as a site for (re)constructing rights through “western” frameworks infused with geopolitical and economic exchange value.     

青年森鸥外与庄子的"性命"论

青年时代的森鸥外主张“余等自然学者,求人类之进步与知识的开拓”。他以近代科学的发展为基点来理解《庄子》的“性命”论,并在与他人的论争中引用《庄子》的学说为自己的主张立论。鸥外以为,依照庄子的学说,今天的学者们应该以“有涯之生随无涯之知”,而非单纯地守“性命”或养“性命”。鸥外还列举了康德和叔本华的哲学概念为佐证,将其与自己对《庄子》“性命”论的理解融合为一,以此来探求“自然”与“知性”的关系。     

Yusuf Islam (aka Cat Stevens) and his anti-war and pro-peace protest songs: from hippy peace to Islamic peace

ABSTRACT

In the 1970s Yusuf Islam (aka Cat Stevens) inspired a generation with his songs on anti-materialism, finding self and peace in such classic albums as Tea for the Tillerman (1970, US 3x platinum) and Teaser and the Firecat (1971, US 3x platinum). In December 1977 he converted to Islam, gave up popular music and focussed on humanitarian and educational work, until he returned to popular music in 2006. Meanwhile, Muslims became associated in the West as intolerant and violent. Yusuf has emerged in the last decade as a voice for progressive Muslims. This article explores the continuities in his music from his Cat Stevens days to his comeback and how he has reconciled popular music and his Cat Stevens past with his understanding of Islam. The focus is on his anti-war and pro-peace songs. It argues that his earlier songs are similar in their messages of world peace through love and unity, though less dark than his post-2006 songs. Additionally, his recent songs have a new message that the world must be more inclusive to achieve world peace. This is connected to him being a Muslim in the West and his feeling of exclusion, in an age when many in the West portray all Muslims as extremists. Consequently, in his recent music he reflects his experience as a Muslim, in the same way as his earlier music reflected the counter-culture of that period. Thus he has gone back to his earlier self after adopting a progressive understanding of Islam. Not Started Completed Rejected.     

The Social Life of Robots: The Politics of Algorithms,Governance, and Sovereignty

This symposium aims to broaden the way scholars theorise and empirically treat the increasingly complex relationships between robots and social life, especially in the context of our historically anthropocentric human geographies. The authors of this symposium engage a range of diverse epistemological, ontological, and methodological commitments, but all in some way address the power dynamics and shifting political economies involved in human–robotic interactions as well as possibilities for resisting and overcoming particular forms of domination and oppression. At the same time, the papers present new avenues for conceptualising the rise of robots and robotics and the everyday socio-spatial relations of contemporary algorithmic life. In a rapidly evolving present and future, where life is increasingly managed in relation to algorithmic imaginaries and automated fantasies, these papers demonstrate the potential for geographers to make significant interventions and contributions to investigate the limits, contradictions, and messy contingencies of socio-technical assemblages, to trace the shifting spatialities and temporalities of the geographies of algorithmic governance, and to envision radical democratic, post-capitalist, emancipatory alternatives. These futures are unlikely to be “robot free”, so the question remains how will we build a future set of geographies that acknowledges this reality while also claiming space for the diverse and rich expansion of all forms of life, both human and non-human?     

Taboo and sensitive heritage: labour camps,burials and the role of activism in the Channel Islands

In this article we propose the concept of taboo heritage as a way to describe a legacy of war so sensitive that it never undergoes heritage creation. Attempts at creation, such as heritage listing, renovation or excavation, are blocked by local authorities. We also examine the transition from taboo heritage to sensitive heritage, the next step along the ‘heritage continuum’, which we propose can only occur through the combined efforts of the passage of time, the role of activists and official authorisation. We take as our case study two of the British Channel Islands of Jersey and Alderney, occupied by German forces from 1940 to 1945. Labour camps were built in both islands, where the dead were also buried locally. We explore how the existing legacy of these events is still taboo heritage in Alderney, but has achieved partial progress in the transition to sensitive heritage in Jersey.     

Toiling in the Vale of Tears: Everyday Life and Resistance in South Uist, Outer Hebrides, 1760-1860

Following the 1745 rebellion, agrarian capitalism rapidly transformed subsistence practices in the Outer Hebrides. Landowners increased rents, enclosed common lands, and replaced crofters and cattle with sheep-ranges. Population growth, the demise of the kelp industry, and crop failures compounded the problems of the peasantry. Widespread emigration commenced in the 1770s and peaked in the 1850s, when entire communities were exiled to British North America—the so-called Highland Clearances. This article traces the development of agrarian capitalism on the Isle of South Uist, explores the agricultural improvements undertaken by successive landlords, and considers modes of resistance adopted by the island's population.     

Platform,Podium, and Public Life: Rhetorical Resilience in the Career of Elocutionist Edna Sutherland

This article extends recent scholarship on women’s rhetorical education and practices, which has focused primarily on the experiences of American women, by analyzing the career of Canadian elocutionist Edna Sutherland (1869–1956). Despite the tendency in Canada’s postsecondary institutions to marginalize public speaking instruction as a merely “practical” concern, Sutherland pursued a 35-year academic career, teaching voice culture and becoming Dean of Women successively at the University of Manitoba and Manitoba College. The article examines her negotiation of local circumstances to achieve this success as an instance of rhetorical resilience. Ultimately, Sutherland’s performative abilities complemented her private and college teaching, while the cultural authority she gained as a result supported her contributions to public life, many focused on opportunities for women. The article considers as well how American and British influences on her advocacy for speech training may reflect broader national trends.