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1.
"负责任旅游"概念的起源与发展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
负责任旅游是近年一些国家大力提倡的旅游发展观,而我国对这个概念还比较陌生。本文主要从负责任旅游这一概念提出的背景出发,探讨了不同个人和旅游组织从各自角度出发对负责任旅游概念的解释,然后对负责任旅游概念的发展以及不同阶段的特征进行了概括和总结。 相似文献
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社区参与和旅游业可持续发展 总被引:96,自引:2,他引:94
在旅游业迅猛发展的同时,旅游地问题日益突出,促使人们重视旅游与社区关系问题的研究,从社区的角度思考和寻求实现旅游业可持续发展的可行途径。目前,我国旅游学界对社区参与的研究方兴未艾,但仍然缺乏社区参与的历史演化进程的纵向分析和归纳研究。本文通过分析社区参与旅游发展的阶段性特征,将其划分为四个阶段:个别参与、组织参与、大众参与和全面参与,并描述了\"近S形\"的总体发展曲线;在此基础上,文章提出:为实现旅游业可持续发展,防止旅游地衰落和旅游地社区解体,社区应该全面参与到旅游业发展过程;当前,社区参与需要在旅游规划、旅游地环境保护、旅游地社区文化维护等三个方面得到加强。 相似文献
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Robin Biddulph 《Tourism Geographies》2018,20(4):610-629
ABSTRACTIn recent decades, social enterprise has emerged from a variety of traditions and contexts to occupy a prominent position in relation to social change. Proponents argue that people with a business orientation are uniquely equipped to identify social problems, develop solutions and to scale these up. Muhammad Yunus and the non-collateralized loans of the Grameen Bank are held to exemplify this potential. Meanwhile, mass tourism destinations are increasingly found in less developed countries, placing relatively wealthy tourists in close proximity to poor people. One response to this has been a proliferation of social enterprises within the tourism industry. This paper investigates the potentials and limitations of social entrepreneurship to achieve inclusive tourism through an analysis of five established and highly regarded social enterprises in Siem Reap. The enterprises have created worthwhile new opportunities for poor and marginalized people and contributed substantially to revitalizing elements of Cambodian culture. Beyond these significant successes, their capacity to generate broader inclusiveness in either the tourism sector or the Cambodian economy, generally, appears limited. Continued social benefits are, furthermore, contingent on the commercial success of the enterprises, in a sector which is highly competitive and volatile, with even successful, well-run businesses never entirely secure. 相似文献
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Robin Biddulph 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2011,93(3):223-236
The relationship between the development industry and the problems it claims to address is problematic. Development studies have often found development practice systematically misrepresenting its context with the result that interventions are out of kilter with reality and fail. In a series of articles in the early 2000s Antony Bebbington suggested development geographers attend to the spatial distribution of development interventions by mapping and explaining immanent development, mapping and explaining intentional development and studying the relationships between them. This article uses the case of property rights interventions in Cambodia to examine the extent that Bebbington's approach might explain development interventions and their relationship to the contexts into which they are inserted. Primary data consist of interviews with key actors involved in decisions over the locations of these interventions. Secondary data consist of reports and databases showing their geographical spread, and political and social science literature explaining the main transitions in recent Cambodian history. The main empirical finding is that the interventions, land titling and community forestry, have not been implemented in the places where the problems they are claimed to address are located. The methodological reflection is that Bebbington's approach valuably challenges policy narratives that tend to smooth space and conceal unevenness. However, it provides only a broad theoretical framework rather than any theoretical content. The approach may only realize its potential when Bebbington and others begin to apply it to generate hypotheses and theory. A new hypothesis emerging from the Cambodian case is briefly introduced in this regard. 相似文献
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Rachel Creaney 《Scottish Geographical Journal》2016,132(3-4):210-233
Although the concept of sustainability has long permeated the literature on tourism and its development, the research on sustainability in tourism rarely reaches beyond the industry level to examine how tourism contributes to the sustainable development of a given destination in wider terms and how effective such processes can be in different economic, environmental and socio-cultural settings. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this important, yet under-developed, research agenda. The paper focuses on the Isle of Eigg – a remote community-owned Scottish island that has recently committed itself to becoming more sustainable and that seeks to rely on inbound tourism as the most important means to this end. It is demonstrated that tourism plays a key role in enhancing the economic stature of Eigg residents and that, rather than undermining, it strengthens the community cohesion on the island. Despite this, its contribution to the island's environmental sustainability cannot always be taken for granted and some trade-offs between these three kinds of sustainability cannot therefore be avoided. Moreover, economic sustainability on Eigg should not be considered synonymous with economic self-sufficiency. 相似文献
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从低碳旅游到洛哈思旅游:可持续旅游理念的又一次深化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
发展可持续旅游不仅应该重视旅游过程中节能减排的环保问题,更应该解决旅游活动本身的\"亚健康状态\"。一种来源于反消费主义的思潮---洛哈思旅游,是后现代社会对享受型传统旅游的一种反思。低碳旅游以节能减排为出发点,重点在环境,洛哈思旅游以个人健康为出发点,重点在人。文章从洛哈思旅游的九要素进行解构,并将其和传统旅游、低碳旅游进行对比,提出洛哈思旅游具有健康性和包容性的特点,认为其所倡导的旅游方式十分符合旅游活动的本源,是一种继低碳旅游之后更人性化、更容易被接受的可持续旅游方式,是对低碳旅游的进一步发展和深化。通过倡导健康旅游消费的观念、产业链的开发、恰当地营销,洛哈思旅游能从环境和以人为本的双重角度引导现代人改变以往的旅游习惯,重构自己的旅游行为方式。 相似文献
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In-depth interviews, text analysis of official documents, and a representative case study are explored to investigate the disempowerment of residents in Tiantangzhai, an emerging yet isolated alpine tourism area in Anhui Province, China. Qualitative research was conducted within the specific political and economic context of China and concludes that (1) residents suffered disempowerment in five areas, including access to productive living space, access to natural resources, access to information, travel benefits, and travel participation; and (2) the mechanisms of disempowerment included government development strategy and system design, elite community relationship networks, individual socio-economic conditions, and social support measures. The research implications suggest that smooth and successful tourism development depends on improving the performance assessment of officials, consolidating administrative supervision, the timely dissemination of information relevant to tourism development, and enhancing opportunities for local residents to participate in tourism development. 相似文献
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上海都市旅游发展的若干问题 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在回顾上海都市旅游发展的历史,并将近年来上海旅游发展在长江三角洲地区、华东地区、全国范围等不同层次上进行对比的基础上,分析了上海都市旅游发展存在的问题,提出上海都市旅游的内涵细分和构建包括上海都市旅游核、都市旅游带、都市旅游圈在内的大上海都市旅游圈的构想,并讨论了上海都市旅游开发和城市一体化建设的问题。 相似文献
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民族地区负责任旅游扶贫开发模式与实现路径 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国外关注贫困问题的负责任旅游研究和实践为我国民族地区旅游扶贫开发提供了新的视角。我国民族地区与贫困地区、旅游资源丰富地区具有高度的重叠性,进而衍生出了多样化的旅游扶贫开发模式。这些旅游扶贫开发模式对民族地区旅游业发展和贫困人口致富起到了促进作用的同时,也因缺乏对文化景观脆弱性和自然生态敏感性的系统考虑而产生了诸多负面影响。基于此,本文重点讨论了负责任旅游视角下民族地区扶贫开发的模式重构问题,明晰了民族地区负责任旅游扶贫开发的战略取向和运行机制,构建了民族地区负责任旅游扶贫开发的旅游者驱动和社会型旅游企业带动两种模式,进而提出了与之相适应的实施对策与建议。 相似文献
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Mark P. Hampton 《Geografiska annaler. Series B, Human geography》2003,85(2):85-101
International tourism is an increasingly important source of income and employment for many developing countries with over 690 million annual international arrivals (World Tourism Organisation data). This paper considers the impact of tourism in the city of Yogyakarta, in Java, Indonesia, and asks whether one subsector of international tourism, namely backpacker tourism, provides a way for local people to enter this globalised industry. The paper examines the emergence of small‐scale, bottom‐ up tourism and its transformatory effect upon a previously poor kampung (urban village). It is suggested that the nature of small‐scale, locally owned tourism businesses, particularly their minimal capital requirements, may be seen as a form of ‘pro‐poor tourism’ and may provide a useful component of local economic development strategies for poor communities. Further, smallscale tourism development may also be seen as an effective local response to some of the effects of globalisation, specifically increasing flows of international tourists to developing countries. 相似文献
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基于负责任旅游的政府管理行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究旅游,不仅要分析它的发展,还要考虑其所产生的影响。在个人、企业和国家层面都可能存在负责任或不负责任的行为所导致的正面或负面影响。负责任旅游的核心是要采取一种能使旅游的正面影响最大化、负面影响最小化的旅游发展方式,它主张旅游行为主体通过自律性的负责任行为约束途径,而不是期望他人的道德行为实现旅游可持续发展的目标。本文探讨了政府在负责任旅游管理中的行为,包括制定负责任旅游伦理规范、政策以及负责任旅游认证制度建设等,并对认证制度建设中如何构建负责任旅游认证的指标体系提出相应的构想。 相似文献
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The explosive growth of tourism in China since the 1980s has generated attendant interest in tourism research in the country, among researchers both in the mainland and outside. The dialogue between the two communities (domestic and international researchers) is also growing, but is as yet still limited, with insufficient contributions from Chinese mainland tourism researchers to the international academic world. China provides a rich field for examining the cultural, social and institutional context in which tourism develops. Recent studies of village-based community tourism development in China, with an emphasis on institutional perspectives, provide some insight on the dynamic and complex changes of rural communities along with tourism development. In general, these papers show that village participation in decision making is growing, although examples of disempowerment are as rife as those of growing empowerment. Contested resources are one of the most influential factors in this struggle, along with the rapid growth of tourism that the country has experienced since the 1980s. The papers in this special collection also demonstrate the distinct character of domestic tourism research in China, which engages the rich body of literature published in Chinese, but is generally less connected to broader international debates in the predominantly Anglo-American English publishing realm. 相似文献
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Joseph M. Cheer 《Tourism Geographies》2020,22(3):514-524
AbstractAs the planet remains in the grips of COVID-19 and amidst enforced lockdowns and restrictions, and possibly the most profound economic downturn since the Great Depression, the resounding enquiry asks—what will the new normal look like? And, in much the same way, tourism aficionados, policy makers and communities are asking a similar question—what will the tourism landscape, and indeed the world, look like after the pandemic? As casualties from the crisis continue to fall by the wayside, the rethinking about what an emergent tourism industry might resemble is on in earnest. Many are hopeful that this wake-up call event is an opportunity to reshape tourism into a model that is more sustainable, inclusive and caring of the many stakeholders that rely on it. And some indicators, though not all, point in that direction. In line with this, the concept of ‘human flourishing’ offers merits as an alternative touchstone for evaluating the impacts of tourism on host communities. Human flourishing has a long genesis and its contemporary manifestation, pushed by COVID-19 and applied to travel and tourism, further expands the bounds of its application. Human flourishing has the potential to offer more nuanced sets of approaches by which the impact of tourism on host communities might be measured. The challenge remaining is how to develop robust indices to calibrate human flourishing policy successes. 相似文献
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论《旅游法》立法的若干理论问题 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我国《旅游法》正在制订过程中,期间发生了若干重大理论争议,消弭争论、达成共识是摆在立法者面前一道现实课题。本文认为,当前制定的《旅游法》应当是规制旅游业、但又不限于旅游业的旅游基本法,并提出了框架性立法、以人为本、旅游可持续发展等三种立法理念作为当前立法的价值指引,以期厘清论争,推动立法。 相似文献
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基于旅游活动背景的我国现行休假制度刍议 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
按照我国现行的休假制度,公民的休假时间主要有三部分组成:双休日、\"黄金周\"和带薪假期。大众休闲与旅游活动也主要是在这三个时段进行。但由于双休日和带薪假期的局限性,3个\"黄金周\"实际上成为公众进行国内和出境旅游相对集中的时段。因为出游时间集中,\"黄金周\"旅游不可避免地带来各种各样的弊端,在一定程度上不利于我国旅游活动的健康发展。所以,改革现行的休假制度,适当增加传统节日作为休假时间,逐步推行和完善带薪假期制度,真正满足公众的旅游休闲需求,促进我国旅游业的可持续发展便显得十分必要。 相似文献
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区域旅游可持续发展评价体系研究——以云南大理、丽江、西双版纳为例 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
本文按照影响并约束区域旅游可持续发展因素的层次关系,将区域旅游可持续发展评价指标分为3个体系:基础体系、协调体系和潜力体系;并应用这一模型对云南省的3个主要旅游目的地进行量化评估分析,从因素结构和发展阶段两个方面剖析了云南3个主要旅游目的地的旅游可持续发展状态和所处阶段. 相似文献
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JOHN H. COLLINS 《Geographical Research》2008,46(1):111-123
Marine tourism is an important component of nature‐based tourism in the Kimberley Region of northern Western Australia. It offers a wide range of passive and active recreational activities in near‐pristine wilderness areas. Marine tourism in the region is recognised as a growth sector having expanded rapidly since 2000, and it is unusual in that growth has been limited by a lack of vehicular access points to the coast. This unplanned growth has been irregular. A marked downturn in visitation by yachts has coincided with an increase in visits by charter boats. Although only five bush camps are established along the coast, boat visits occur at approximately 216 locations that are all subject to potential environmental damage. The extent to which this unplanned industry can be sustained without jeopardising environmental, social and economic values remains open to question. 相似文献