广州市会展旅游产业集聚过程及形成机理研究

旅游产业集聚有助于提升区域整体竞争力,促进区域经济持续发展和进一步优化旅游产业空间结构。论文在界定会展旅游产业集聚的基础上,揭示了广州市会展旅游产业集聚过程和形成机理。研究发现,广交会推进广州旅游产业集聚发展。广州会展旅游产业集聚过程经历集聚核形成阶段、点轴集聚阶段和网络集聚阶段,在不同发展阶段影响产业集聚主要因素存在显著不同。政府行为推动会展旅游产业集聚雏形形成,激增旅游需求、集聚规模经济、外部经济以及降低交易费用等因素促进产业集聚逐渐向点轴集聚发展。在网络集聚阶段,集聚不规模效应以及琶洲展馆的全面启用造成旅游企业数量趋于稳定。会展旅游产业集聚是以展馆为核心集聚,展馆在城市中空间布局的变化将导致该类集聚空间迁移。     

Industry clusters in Australia: recent trends and prospects

This article explores the phenomenon of industry clustering in Australia. It includes an overview of the factors that have shaped the historic and recent developments of clusters in Australia. Two philosophical approaches to clustering based on a whole of industry approach and regional facilitation are discussed. Four case studies are presented on the Australian wine industry, the Far North Queensland, North Adelaide and Hunter region clustering initiatives. The case studies represent different approaches to regional industry clustering in Australia. The conclusion to the article discusses future prospects for using clustering as a tool to foster regional economic development in Australia.     

省际毗邻地区旅游经济的空间矛盾及调控机制探讨

区域经济合作以其非凡的绩效给我国经济和社会发展注入了新的活力。我国省际毗邻地区拥有丰富的旅游资源,也往往成为旅游产业的密集地带。文章在分析我国省际毗邻地区旅游经济发展中空间矛盾的现实特征以及对区域空间矛盾进行调控的重要意义的同时,提出了旅游经济空间矛盾调控的相应切入点,其中主要包括整合旅游资源、形成优势产品,共铸品牌形象、联手开拓市场,协调旅游规划、优化空间结构以及健全协调机制、调节利益冲突等。     

基于新经济地理“3D”框架的旅游经济空间结构特征分析——以长江三角洲地区为例

本文借鉴新经济地理学的"3D"(density,distance,division)框架理论,构建了旅游经济空间"T—3D"分析体系,分别以旅游经济地理集中度、时空距离及旅游联系诠释了旅游经济空间的密度、距离及整合。以长三角地区为例,刻画了旅游经济空间的T—3D特征。研究结果表明:长三角地区各市旅游经济空间密度的数值差异明显,空间分布差异显著,整体呈现"南疏北密"的分布特征;长三角地区旅游经济空间距离总体较优,各城市间距离较近,且差异不大,呈现出"核心—边缘"特征;旅游经济空间整合表现为上海、杭州、苏州三足鼎立之势,呈现出"一核两翼"的区域旅游发展特征。通过对长三角地区的实证分析,验证了旅游经济空间"T—3D"分析体系的有效性。     

产业生成视角的旅游内部就业层次分析——以张家界为例

界定旅游产业生成及其周期模型,划分内部就业层次,并分析演变过程。以就业弹性系数和旅游人次为观测指标,分析了生成周期对就业层次的影响。结果显示:①投资、旅游规模、旅游收入内部构成和就业人数有相关性。②出现期,以旅行社业和宾馆酒店业为主;成长期,以交通运输业、旅游商品服务和其他行业为主;发展期,以行业行政服务与管理为主。③就业弹性总体上呈相对平缓的演变态势;④从分层弹性看,因突发事件呈"二凸二凹"特点,其它时点较为平稳。     

Analyzing Regional Inequality in Post-Mao China in a GIS Environment

Regional inequality in China has attracted considerable scholarly attention, but the use of geographic information system (GIS) techniques for rigorous analysis remains limited. This paper utilizes recent data and GIS and spatial statistical techniques to analyze changing patterns of regional inequality in China from 1978 to 2000. It also identifies the changing clusters of regional development in China. We illustrate that regional inequality in China is sensitive to development trajectories of the provinces, and that conventional measures of regional inequality mask geographical clustering. Patterns of change are explained by both contextual and regression analyses. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: F21, G32, P31. 16 figures, 3 tables, 30 references.     

The Effects of Localization on Economic Performance: Analysis of Spanish Tourism Clusters

The sun, sea and sand model that has characterized the Spanish tourism sector and has caused Spain's tourist sector to become a world-class industry is actually undergoing drastic changes. This model is based on the existence of major tourism destinations characterized by high levels of industry specialisation, which makes them a target of analysis as tourism clusters in which the geographic concentration of synergies reinforces the competitive position. In this study, Spanish tourism clusters are identified using quantitative methods and the current validity of the economies of location that have made them possible are also analysed. Although all the identified clusters can be defined as mature and became less significant during the last decade in Spanish tourism, according to the results the creation of externalities measured in terms of higher generation of profit is higher in companies belonging to the tourism clusters than in those outside of them.     

What really goes on in Silicon Valley? Spatial clustering and dispersal in modular production networks

Is the geographic trajectory of capitalism toward spatial clusteringor dispersal? Recent theoretical work in the stream of ‘relational’economic geography includes several dynamic elements that increasethe importance of spatial clustering over time. This paper developsthe concept of ‘modular production networks’ toshow that spatial clustering and dispersal can be compatible,mutually reinforcing trends. Modular production networks encompassnodes of tacit activity linked through the exchange of codifiedinformation to create global-scale production systems. In placeslike Silicon Valley, industry participants rely on the benefitsof proximity to help build and manage global-scale productionnetworks.     

基于区域城市体系的旅游地域系统空间组织研究——以江苏为例

本文强调了旅游资源"集中性"的功能属性,并区分了地域、线性、等级、节点四种集中性,揭示了旅游资源经济、交通指向性的空间布局特征。通过分析旅游地域系统同区域城市体系在要素、结构及功能上的多层耦合关系,归纳出一定区域城市支持下的旅游地域系统空间组织---地域旅游城市网络等级体系模式。并通过分析城市体系空间结构、城市旅游功能结构,结合旅游业产业特性,划分出三个等级构成:中心旅游城市、旅游城市、特色旅游城镇或旅游景区。最后给出了江苏地域旅游城市网络体系空间组织。     

GPS-based measurement of geographic spillovers in tourism – example of Polish districts

The agglomeration phenomenon in tourism often spreads beyond the borders of territorial units what is referred to as geographic spillovers. However, the measurement of spatial concentration of tourism demand and economic activity is usually based on statistics collected within regional administrative boundaries and omits the spatial interdependency between neighboring regions. Recognition of such spatial interdependency in the standard procedure to define neighborhood relies on the distance between geometric means (centroids) of territorial units which, however, rarely reflects real ‘centers’ of tourism agglomerations and leads to errors and biased results. Hence, we propose to modify the measures of the neighborhood with the use of GPS coordinates of tourism firms and attractions in order to designate their regional central tendencies and thus to correct (shift in space) localization of centroids of territorial units. We test the usefulness of the new approach to obtain a more precise measurement of spatial concentration when tourism spills over beyond the boundaries of territorial units using the example of Polish districts. We employ the exploratory spatial data analysis (spatial statistics) and spatial regression models – to assess the difference between using traditional centroids and GPS coordinates in defining neighborhood and determining spillover effects in regional analysis. Furthermore we apply the new method into the model of tourism potential in order to identify spillover effects in Polish regions. We use the data collected by Central Statistical Office (tourists staying overnight in 379 districts in 2014) and by Polish Tourist Organization (14,390 GPS coordinates of individual entities: tourism firms and attractions). The neighborhood determined with the use of GPS coordinates to measure the distance between centers of tourism agglomerations eliminates the dependence of the results on the administrative boundaries – but only to some degree. The challenge is to identify tourism agglomeration phenomenon as such, based on the mobility of tourists in space.     

中国区域旅游经济差异的空间统计分析

本文借助ArcGIS技术,结合空间统计分析方法,以2000年以来全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的人均旅游收入的空间分布格局及其演变过程为研究对象,在分析区域旅游经济差异的相关研究基础上,对2000年～2011年的中国区域旅游经济差异的空间格局、互动关联模式以及演变过程进行分析.研究发现,中国区域旅游经济差异的空间格局整体上呈现出较强的空间依赖性;局部上则长期表现出高高相聚和低低相聚的两极分化格局;邻接省、直辖市和自治区的旅游经济发展存在着关联互动,使得中国区域旅游经济差异不断演变并出现新的空间格局.     

国内旅游现象空间分异研究进展与展望

在综述国内关于旅游现象的空间分异研究进展的基础上,作者认为,国内旅游地理学关于旅游现象空间分异方面的研究主要是从旅游资源、旅游产业和旅游地、旅游客源市场和旅游流、旅游地本身等旅游产业发展投入要素方面入手的,对于旅游发展的区域效果方面的研究显得有些不足。在与国外该领域研究进展进行对比的基础上,结合国际国内旅游发展和研究的趋势,作者提倡国内旅游地理学应加强旅游影响空间分异研究。阐述了旅游影响空间分异研究的意义以及基本内容,希望藉此促进我国旅游地理学乃至旅游学研究的进一步完善。     

旅游产业集聚会影响地区收入差距吗？——基于中国省际面板数据的门槛回归分析

本文利用中国30个省市区1999年～2009年面板数据,分别从线性和非线性两个角度实证检验了旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距的影响,估计结果显示：一方面,旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距具有显著线性负向影响效应;另一方面,通过构建非线性面板门槛模型,进一步检验了旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距影响效应的门槛特征,具体而言,旅游产业集聚对地区收入差距负向影响效应不仅存在基于旅游产业集聚的单一门槛特征,而且也存在基于经济发展水平、基础设施建设与产业结构升级的三重门槛特征。     

安徽省旅游空间结构演变及优化

旅游空间结构是区域旅游发展状态的重要指示器,旅游系统各大要素在不同发展阶段的空间组合不同。合理组织和优化旅游空间结构是实现旅游可持续发展的重要手段。分析认为安徽省旅游空间结构经历了点状模式、放射模式,目前正处在放射与凝聚共存模式阶段。为实现旅游经济的均衡发展和旅游产业竞争力提升,提出重点开发建设淮河风情旅游带、皖江城市旅游带、徽文化旅游带和合黄联动旅游带四条旅游轴线,在现有三大旅游板块的基础上构建皖南国际旅游文化示范区、皖江城市带旅游区、合肥经济圈旅游区、皖北旅游区四大旅游板块,形成新的"点-轴-区"旅游空间格局。提出通过提高政府统筹能力、加大基础设施建设、加速旅游市场营销、加强人力资源开发、实现旅游可持续发展等对策来优化旅游空间结构,促进安徽省旅游经济的均衡发展和旅游产业竞争力的提升。     

中国入境旅游流集散优势度与旅游经济效率的时空耦合分析

以中国31个省市为研究对象,在构建入境旅游流集散优势度与旅游经济效率耦合协调模型基础上,分析2000年、2005年、2010年、2016年全国各省市入境旅游“势—效”耦合协调度等级、耦合协调类型及其时空演化路径。研究表明：全国“势—效”耦合协调度整体水平有所下降,协调等级为中级协调。北京、上海、广东、陕西为优质协调省市,呈散点状分布;青海、甘肃、新疆、宁夏为轻度失调或严重失调省市;各省“势—效”耦合协调类型呈现出差异化的时间演化路径,以中短距离的反向迁移为主,迁移类型主要包括：HH_t→LH_t+1、HL_t→HH_t+1、LH_t→LL_t+1和LL_t→LH_t+1。     

From high-touch to high-tech: COVID-19 drives robotics adoption

Abstract

Global economic and social life has been severely challenged since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 disease a pandemic. Travel, tourism and hospitality, in particular, has been massively impacted by the lockdowns used to maintain social distance to manage the disease. Robotics, artificial intelligence, and human-robot interactions have gained an increased presence to help manage the spread of COVID-19 in hospitals, airports, transportation systems, recreation and scenic areas, hotels, restaurants, and communities in general. Humanoid robots, autonomous vehicles, drones, and other intelligent robots are used in many different ways to reduce human contact and the potential spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, including delivering materials, disinfecting and sterilizing public spaces, detecting or measuring body temperature, providing safety or security, and comforting and entertaining patients. While controversial in the past due to concerns over job losses and data privacy, the adoption of robotics and artificial intelligence in travel and tourism will likely continue after the COVID-19 pandemic becomes less serious. Tourism scholars should seize this opportunity to develop robotic applications that enhance tourist experiences, the protection of natural and cultural resources, citizen participation in tourism development decision making, and the emergence of new ‘high-touch’ employment opportunities for travel, tourism and hospitality workers.     

基于DBSCAN算法的民宿集群识别、分布格局及影响因素——以南京市为例

以南京市Airbnb网站民宿商家为例,综合利用DBSCAN聚类算法、空间变异函数、地理加权回归模型刻画南京市民宿的空间特征及影响因素.结果表明:①南京市民宿已经形成"25124"的5等级14集群格局,呈现"两横两纵"的"井"字形空间布局特征;②民宿密度分布存在空间异质性,各个街道之间存在较强的空间自相关,民宿密度分布受...     

上海都市旅游发展战略研究

本文首先讨论了都市旅游概念的内涵及其特点.然后分析了都市旅游发展的战略框架:在宏观架构上,都市旅游发展要与区域发展相协调;在中观层次,都市旅游要与城市其他行业互动;在微观操作层面上,都市旅游支撑体系要有效运行与发展.本文最后讨论了上海都市旅游的深度发展,提出:要打造和谐社会,促进城市可持续发展;以城市化和区域联动带动都市旅游的深化;加强产业互动,促进都市旅游产品的提升;科教兴旅,注重资源集约利用,加快信息化.     

ACCOUNTING FOR NEIGHBORING EFFECTS IN MEASURES OF SPATIAL CONCENTRATION*

ABSTRACT A common problem with spatial economic concentration measures based on areal data (e.g., Gini, Herfindhal, entropy, and Ellison‐Glaeser indices) is accounting for the position of regions in space. While they purport to measure spatial clustering, these statistics are confined to calculations within individual areal units. They are insensitive to the proximity of regions or to neighboring effects. Clearly, since spillovers do not recognize areal units, economic clusters may cross regional boundaries. Yet with current measures, any industrial agglomeration that traverses boundaries will be chopped into two or more pieces. Activity in adjacent spatial units is treated in exactly the same way as activity in far‐flung, nonadjacent areas. This paper shows how popular measures of spatial concentration relying on areal data can be modified to account for neighboring effects. With a U.S. application, we also demonstrate that the new instruments we propose are easy to implement and can be valuable in regional analysis.     

省域旅游竞争力的空间格局与形成机理研究

本文在系统梳理旅游目的地竞争力研究主要成果的基础上,通过搭建省域旅游竞争力评价指标体系,运用多指标综合评价的主成分分析法,以省域为研究单元,对我国31个省市自治区的旅游竞争力水平进行定量评价。结果显示：规模实效因子、企业活力因子、经营绩效因子和消费支撑因子是影响我国省域旅游竞争力总体水平的主要因子,4项指标对我国省域旅游竞争力的累积贡献值已经超过80％;从空间结构上看,我国各省市自治区之间旅游竞争力总体水平之间存在较大差距,东中西部地区各省份的旅游竞争力之间存在显著的梯度递减格局,东部地区省份的旅游竞争力水平领先于中西部地区,但一些省份也表现出一定的变异特征。从旅游的综合性和系统性角度出发,研究认为区域旅游竞争力的提高是一项系统工程,区域旅游产业的效益更多地来自于全方位和全要素的产业发展,而这些要素既涵盖旅游系统内部的各项要素,又与区域社会经济发展的整体水平密切相关,因此,增强区域旅游竞争力必须强调各项要素的均衡、协调发展。