乡村旅游发展与西部城镇化的互动关系初探

西部大开发,旅游业是重点,城镇化建设也是重点。乡村旅游是旅游业的新分支,也是西部旅游开发的重要方面。本文界定了乡村旅游的内涵,并在分析西部乡村旅游资源和西部城镇化进程的基础上,对乡村旅游发展与城镇化的关系进行了研究,认为乡村旅游的开展促进了西部城镇化的进程,而西部城镇化的进程又为发展乡村旅游开拓了空间,二者之间是作用与反作用的互动关系。为了保持性村旅游于西部城镇化良性关系的协调发展,作者提出了促进二者良性互动的建议。     

国外农业旅游研究综述

通过对相关外文数据库的检索,获得1980年以来国外农业旅游研究方面的文献370余篇,其研究内容主要涉及:农业旅游的兴起、农业旅游的概念和类型、农业旅游的影响、农业旅游的发展条件和障碍、农业旅游的发展策略、农业旅游中的性别问题、农业旅游目的地的生命周期、气候与环境变化对农业旅游开发的影响等。虽然国外在农业旅游研究方面起步较早,研究领域广泛,并已深入到许多微观层面,但仍有一些问题需要继续深入研究,如农业旅游内涵与外延的界定,从多方面多角度对农业旅游类型的划分,全面认识农业旅游的影响等。     

The importance of location and scale in rural and small town tourism product development: The case of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre,Manitoba, Canada

This paper begins with a review of the literature on tourism in rural economies, to establish a framework for analyzing large‐scale tourism products in rural and small town regions. The review is followed by the development of a typology of large‐scale attractions in rural and small town regions, including parks, casinos, events, heritage, and cultural products. The typology leads into the example of the Canadian Fossil Discovery Centre (CFDC) in Manitoba, Canada. Located in an agricultural region of south‐central Manitoba, the community of Morden is located 125 km from the provincial capital city, Winnipeg, which had a population of 811,900 in 2016. Morden is also located 35 km north of the border with North Dakota. Thus, while a small town in a traditionally rural region still dependent upon an agricultural economic base, Morden has been recently successful in diversifying its economy, including through manufacturing, services, hospitality, and tourism. In part, this success is due to a south‐central Manitoba location; however, it is also the result of innovative local leadership, including the prioritization of hospitality and tourism related to the CFDC. This paper describes the case study as an example of successful tourism development within an already economically and socially diversifying region.     

Wine tourism development in South Africa: a geographical analysis

ABSTRACT

Wine tourism, which is growing and developing on a global scale, is widely considered a driver of economic and social development in rural areas. Limited job opportunities and unemployment are prevalent in most rural areas, particularly in South Africa. In 2015, the South African wine industry generated close to 300,000 direct and indirect employment opportunities. A geographical analysis of the development and current state of wine tourism in the region can assist in the country's efforts to develop a new strategy to enhance and preserve wine tourism in the future. Wine tourism development is analysed from a nodes, network and winescape perspective using the results from a national questionnaire survey. This mostly quantitative approach explains the wine tourism development over more than 40 years from a supply-side perspective including its wine tourism product portfolio and in terms of its physical footprint. Wine tourism development commenced from only three pioneer open cellar doors in 1971, to network formation of 21 wine routes and today boasting well-established wine tourism destinations. The Stellenbosch-Franschhoek-Paarl nexus emerges as South Africa's premier winescape, as being a well-established destination in its mature life cycle phase. Strong evidence of hierarchical differentiation between the wineries of the more established wine tourism regions has emerged. The impact of the wine tourism resorts on the smaller wineries has yet to be determined in the context of the resilience of the whole region. The development of wine tourism is also responsible for the transformation of rural landscapes and especially in the regions that have the most developed wine routes. These regions need higher-level protection (especially the cultural and natural resource bases) in the form of an ‘agricultural reserve’ or the declaration of a ‘national heritage site’.     

Marginality and the New Geography of Domestic Violence Policy in Post-Communist Poland

The article explores the spatial distribution and institutional geography of domestic violence service provision in post-communist Poland. A new institutional geography providing services to victims of domestic violence is emerging in Poland as a result of NGO activism and new pro-woman policies implemented by the state. NGOs, often in partnership with local governments, are the most vital means of service provision in large and medium size cities, while in rural areas, public agencies predominate in the institutional geography of service provision. The assumption that NGOs will emerge to address the needs of victims of domestic violence is not realistic in rural areas. While urban Poland is developing an institutional geography to address domestic violence, state and NGO activists must focus on shrinking the rural margins of Poland's institutional geography.     

乡村振兴背景下乡村民宿主创业动机与获得感研究

民宿是落实乡村振兴战略的重要实践,研究民宿主的创业动机和获得感对推进乡村产业振兴具有重要的理论和实践意义。本文通过25位民宿主深度访谈发现,创业动机存在双生机理,且与马斯洛需求层次理论相吻合,呈现出层次性,在经济、情感归属等内部动机之外,创业政策等外部动机驱动民宿创业。创业获得感呈现出多维度性,且受创业动机驱动呈现出相应的层次性。创业动机层次越高,精神层次的获得感就越强,其对应采取的经营模式就不同。获得感意味着资本的积累,进一步驱动民宿主采取行动满足更高层次的需求。基于此,本文构建了创业动机、获得感和经营模式之间的理论框架,探索了乡村振兴的创业环境下民宿主的特征、创业过程和创业结果之间的关系。     

国内外旅游城镇化研究进展

作为一种特殊类型的城镇化,旅游城镇化已成为新型城镇化的重要抓手,同时也是旅游地理学研究的重要课题。本文在对国内外相关文献综合梳理的基础上,对旅游城镇化的概念内涵、驱动因素、特征与影响进行研究对比与综合评述。通过对上述问题的系统回顾,展示旅游城镇化的发展历程及研究价值,辨明旅游城镇化研究的核心问题,以期为该领域的深入研究提供有力支撑。在当前中国旅游城镇化的消费特征、社会阶层、主客关系、身份认同、城市与文化表征亟需深入探索与案例研究的背景下,国外有关旅游城镇化发展模式与特征的研究成果,对我国未来的旅游城镇化具有重要的指导与借鉴意义。     

农贷与甘肃农村经济的复苏（1935-1945年）

内容提要 20世纪三四十年代,在开发西北和建设抗日后方基地的背景下,国民政府在甘肃推行农贷政策,建立了以新式银行、合作社和合作金库为核心的金融网络,形成了“政府一银行一合作社（合作金库）一农户”的农贷模式。甘肃农贷以1941年为界分为两个阶段,1941年之前以救济农村为主,之后以国民经济建设为主,发放农田水利、农业推广、土地改良、农村副业和畜牧业等贷款,取得了比较好的成效。农贷的发放,使甘肃农业和农村经济总体呈上升趋势,也使抗战时期成为近代以来甘肃农业和农村经济发展状况最好的一个时期。     

乡村旅游与农村经济互动持续发展模式与对策探析

乡村旅游是新世纪我国农村发展和旅游产业发展的重要组成部分,是推动农村经济发展的重要动力。本文分析了乡村旅游发展对我国农村经济发展的意义和乡村旅游与农村经济互动持续发展的基本条件。在此基础上,作者提出了促进两者互动持续发展的模式,并提出不同类型的乡村旅游的发展模式及其与农村经济互动持续发展相应的主要对策。     

中国城乡协调发展空间格局与演化研究

本文从三个方面构建了城乡协调发展度指数,对中国2000-2008年31个省城乡协调发展程度的整体变化及在大区上的空间差异进行了评价和原因探讨。结果显示,中国城乡协调发展程度整体呈现上升趋势,主要原因是城乡增长率差异系数的降低,说明我国近些年的支农惠农和统筹城乡发展的政策效果显著。东部和西部地区城乡发展逐步协调,而中部和东北地区城乡发展协调度下降。东部城市和农村基本实现共同富裕,而西部是较低水平上的协调。东北地区先大幅下降后缓慢上升,中部地区的城乡协调发展度目前是最低的,变化较为复杂。     

国内外旅游绅士化研究综述与展望

随着旅游发展与城市化进程的不断加快,旅游驱动下的绅士化现象日益显现,并受到国内外学者的关注。旅游绅士化现象不仅发生在城市区域,近年来旅游发展也推动了乡村地区的绅士化。旅游绅士化改变了特定区域社会结构、居民素养以及人居环境等,也改变了旅游发展格局,进而影响区域社会经济发展。从研究内容来看,国外相关研究主要聚焦在旅游绅士化的原因、过程和影响等领域,而国内研究主要集中在旅游绅士化的概念、类型、阶段、原因等方面。国内外已有研究较多关注旅游绅士化现象,研究方法较为单一,在旅游绅士化形成机理、旅游影响等方面缺乏深入系统的综合研究。通过丰富研究内容、完善研究方法、拓宽研究视角、夯实理论基础来构建研究体系是未来深化旅游绅士化研究的重要目标。     

欠发达资源丰富农村旅游业成长模式探讨

本文在阐述欠发达资源丰富农村概念的基础上,分析了其资源的组合类型,并进行了其旅游开发现状特征及制约因素的分析,从而设计了三类旅游业成长模式,并进行了案例研究。     

Key variables for developing integrated rural tourism

Considering how important tourism development is as an element of economic recovery in rural areas, one of its objectives should be sustainability. The starting point must therefore be the existence of partnerships and cooperation between stakeholders. Such cooperation would enable the integration of tourism development through the endogeneity, complementarity, and embeddedness of the resources and the empowerment of the residents. The objective of this research is to determine the basic types of relationships to be developed in order to achieve integrated rural tourism. Initially, we verify the variables involved in integrated rural tourism by determining the measurement models, and subsequently we propose a model that reflects the relationships between the variables under study. Our research shows that there must be two types of collaboration between stakeholders. First, there must be collaboration to develop a tourism product, and second, there must be collaboration to provide adequate information about the existing tourism activities. Due the nature of tourism, various types of businesses must work together, but if information is not subsequently provided about the product, then tourism cannot develop as desired. Collaboration as a whole also favours the development of rural tourism in which tourism activities complement the traditional activities of an area, consequently increases the embeddedness of the product and the endogeneity of the resources. Furthermore, the opinions of the various stakeholders in tourism development must be taken into account, especially the residents, which takes place through empowerment. Finally, collaboration means that residents and tourists must coexist and come into contact, therefore sharing public services and entertainment and leisure locations. All the aforementioned factors consequently provide the basis for integrating the rural tourism that is developed in an area, which will favour the economic, sociocultural, and environmental sustainability of that area.     

Quality, imagery and marketing: producer perspectives on quality products and services in the lagging rural regions of the European Union

A range of factors, including consumer concerns about food safety, the growing popularity of rural tourism and policy initiatives to promote endogenous rural development, is converging to promote a relocalization of food production and service provision, especially in those regions marginalized by the globalization of the food supply system. The recent outbreak of foot and mouth disease in the UK has starkly illustrated the fragility of localized systems which depend heavily on consumers travelling to them. Within such a context, the importance of successful marketing strategies has become even more apparent. This paper reports on a questionnaire survey which investigated promotional and marketing strategies among a diverse range of producers and service providers in marginal agricultural areas of the EU. The findings suggest that many producers are situated towards the "formal" end of a marketing continuum, whereby ability to promote quality products and services (QPS) lies with a range of intermediaries. This raises doubts about the future economic benefits of QPS, should current marketing structures persist. The discussion offers critical reflections on interdisciplinary and international research of this nature, and advocates further theoretical and methodological development in order to explore in more depth many of the aspects raised in this exploratory investigation.     

乡村产业地域分异格局研究——以南京都市圈典型区域为例

本文以南京都市圈"东山—茅山"样带作为研究区域,基于乡村产业POI数据,利用圈层分析、核密度分析等方法,对乡村产业及其多样性分异格局进行研究.结果表明,当前农旅、文创等新产业新业态开始在乡村布局,在近郊区和乡镇中心周边组团集聚、沿交通放射布局特征明显,总体上呈现"距离衰减"趋势,且不同产业分布存在明显差异.分类研究发现...     

旅游地农户生计资本与社区可持续生计发展研究——以秦巴山区安康一区三县为例

在DFID可持续生计框架下,构建旅游地农户生计资本评价模型,测度其生计资本规模及结构变化,并分析乡村旅游社区发展对农户生计资本变化趋向的影响。研究发现：①秦巴山区乡村旅游地农户生计资本得到整体提升,农户生计呈现多元化发展趋势;②乡村旅游影响下的农户金融资本、物资资本、自然资本和人力资本均得到提升,社会资本则处于相对较低水平;通过二元Logistic回归分析,发现社区居民的旅游获利程度、社区参与旅游发展程度、社区旅游发展基础条件等对农户资本趋向好转与优化具有正向显著影响。     

西部典型区农村居民旅游消费特征及影响因素研究——以甘肃省农村居民为例

文章以甘肃省农村居民为个案,基于甘肃省526位农村居民的微观调查数据,对西部典型地区农村居民旅游消费特征及其影响因素进行了定量考察。研究表明:甘肃省农村居民旅游消费观念落后,消费意愿不够强烈,出游频数较低,年均旅游消费支出相当有限,偏好与亲友结伴出游,出游时间主要集中于农闲时间,出游目的主要以探亲访友和观光游览为主,出游选择的交通工具主要为汽车和火车,亲友介绍是其获取旅游信息的主要渠道。与东、中部较发达地区农村居民旅游消费有所不同,可自由支配收入及旅游产品价格依然是影响甘肃省农村居民旅游消费的主导因素。     

新中国的农业合作化与农村工业化

新中国建立后以农业合作化对个体小农经济的改造,与农村工业化是同一个问题的两个方面。农村工业化包括农村工业企业的发展和农业工业化,关于农业合作化对农村工业化的作用,可以从发展农村的工业企业和促进农业工业化两个方面来考察,与社会主义市场经济相适应的农业合作化应成为新的历史条件下推进农村工业化的主要途径。     

发展农业旅游,缓解“三农”问题——兼论农业旅游的经济社会影响

农业旅游既是一种新兴的旅游方式,又是一种新型的农业生产经营形式。发展农业旅游可以调整农业经济结构,培育农村新的经济增长点,安置农村剩余劳动力,促进农民增收,改变农村整体面貌,从而缓解三农业问题。     

怒江大峡谷旅游扶贫研究

旅游扶贫是解决旅游资源丰富型地区贫困问题的有效途径。怒江峡谷区是个区域性的特困少数民族地区,山高坡陡、生态环境脆弱的地理环境决定传统的农业难以改变其贫困面貌。而其丰富的民族文化资源、生物多样性资源和独特的峡谷自然景观等旅游资源,使怒江旅游扶贫成为可能。文章分析了怒江峡谷旅游扶贫的优势、劣势资源和机遇,提出怒江旅游发展应以乡村生态旅游为目标,开发特色旅游扶贫产品,发挥政府引导和扶持作用。