Stone anchors from the Mediterranean coasts of Anatolia, Turkey: underwater surveys and archaeometrical investigations

This study is mainly based on the expeditions and underwater study of stone anchors from the Cilician coast, Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology and the Kaš Uluburun wreck. The stone anchors found on the Cilician coast are very similar to eastern Mediterranean stone anchors with respect to shape and characteristics. The stone anchors from BMUA and KUW were examined by thin section and XRD analysis. They are made of volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. The study indicates that the anchors are similar to others found in the Mediterranean.     

Designing the 9th-Century-AD Vessel from Bozburun, Turkey

During the study of the 9th-century-AD vessel from Bozburun, Turkey, this author applied Richard Steffy's methodology which emphasizes the comprehensive deconstruction and step-by-step re-assembly of a vessel. This methodology, in turn, illuminated how the Bozburun ship was assembled and designed, and how this design process created particular components of the hull. This article discusses this design process, and how by understanding it we may also understand more about the people who made the Bozburun vessel.
© 2009 The Author     

Designing the 11th-century-AD vessel from Serçe Limanı, Turkey

A previous article investigated the methods used to design the 9th-century vessel from Bozburun, Turkey, and a basic methodology emerged which combined Richard Steffy's emphasis on the comprehensive deconstruction of a hull with the segregation of hull-construction into the phases of conception, design and assembly. This article tests this methodology by applying it to the 11th-century craft from Serçe Limanı, a vessel studied and reconstructed by Steffy. It discusses the resulting design-method, the similarities between this method and that used on the Bozburun vessel, and how we gain insight into changes in the maritime community which built these ships.
© 2010 The Author     

Dowels as a Means of Edge-to-Edge Joinery in the 9th-century AD Vessel from Bozburun, Turkey

After the excavation of the 9th-century AD merchantman from Bozburun, Turkey, from 1995 to 1998, examination of the preserved hull material revealed a method of using dowels embedded in the plank edge to join hull planking together. This method has not previously been recorded in the early medieval Mediterranean. The article discusses the characteristics of the joints in the hull planking of the Bozburun vessel, and considers its role in the transition from the shell-first to frame-first methods of assembly.
© 2005 The Nautical Archaeology Society     

A Feasibility Study for the Investigation of Submerged Sites along the Coast of Slovenia

Maritime investigations along the Northern Adriatic coast have traditionally focused on the Roman and later archaeology. However, studies of post-glacial sea-level change and shoreline displacement suggest there is significant potential for the discovery of sites close inshore dating back to the early- to mid-Holocene, c .9000 BC onwards. A feasibility study for the investigation of submerged sites along the coast of Slovenia was undertaken in 2005. Here we describe the project rationale and research design, the survey and recording methods used, the logistical problems encountered, the results obtained (regardless of age), and the prospects for future research in the region.
© 2009 The Authors     

Archaeological indicators for sea level change and coastal neotectonic deformation: the submerged Roman fish tanks of the gulf of Matala, Crete, Greece

Due to the direct relationship between their function and ancient sea levels, Roman fish tanks and fish traps are excellent indicators for sea level changes through time. For this study, eleven submerged systems of fish tanks were investigated along the rocky southern coast of the gulf of Matala, Crete. Seven of them are still in a good state of preservation and thus underwent detailed survey and documentation. The measurements of their recent submersion, the determination of the way they operated, as well as their correlation with coastal landforms indicative of an older sea level, permit the identification of a mean Roman sea level at the SW coast of central Crete 1.25 m below the present one. According to historical evidence, the submersion of the SW coasts of the central part of Crete must have been occurred between 1415 and 1865 during a paroxysmal tectonic event and is probably related with the strong earthquake of 1604.     

鲁北—胶东盐业考古调查记

本文通过对鲁北莱州湾和胶东半岛16个县市和出有盔形器的遗址进行了调查,对盔形器的形态演变、分布区域、使用功能等进行了初步研究,并与国内外有关遗址和类似器物作了比较分析,确认菜州湾沿海包含大量盔形器的遗址是商周时期的制盐作坊,而盔形器则是制盐的特殊用具.     

The Search for the 1871 Whaling Fleet of the Western Arctic: writing the final chapter

During 2015, the NOAA Office of National Marine Sanctuaries led a systematic seabed mapping survey along the Arctic coast of Alaska in search of whaling ships abandoned in 1871. The purpose of the expedition was to determine if wreckage from these abandoned ships was still present in the survey area, and, if so, to assess and document its location, status and condition. The project mapped approximately 50 km² of seabed using sidescan sonar and magnetometry and identified six sites that contained wreckage from at least two whaling ships. Magnetometry data also suggested that additional wreckage may be buried in the seabed.     

南宋海防初探

南宋偏安东南所形成的海疆形势和立国态势使得海防在南宋的国防格局中具有事关全局的地位。为了应对来自海上的军事威胁,南宋政府加强了对海防的统一领导,设立了沿海制置司。在防御上,实行了以海上防御为主的海防战略,在沿海建立了多支水军,并建立了相应的警戒和通信系统,同时又依靠巡检、县尉等其他政府武装以及民间武装,在千里海岸建立起了严密的防御体系。南宋在海防上采取的措施和战略保证了东南沿海地区长期的安全。     

A Survey of Shipwreck Sites Off the Southwestern Coast of Turkey

Abstract

Using a combination of remote sensing techniques (side-scan sonar and underwater television), and visual inspection by SCUBA-diving, 18 wrecks ranging in age from preclassical to 19th century A.C. were located between Bodrum and Cape Gelidonya. The majority of wreck sites were known to local sponge divers. All except one site have been looted; nevertheless, eight sites are judged worthy of further investigation.     

Evidence for Earliest Olive-Oil Production in Submerged Settlements off the Carmel Coast, Israel

Thousands of crushed olive stones with olive pulp are concentrated in pits at the Kfar Samir prehistoric settlement off the Carmel coast south of Haifa. Observations at this site, and at other Late Neolithic to Early Chalcolithic offshore settlements in this region, record an olive-oil technology that began along the Carmel coastal plain as early as 6500 years ago. This is about 500 years earlier than previously held. These new finds help define the technology of olive-oil production and refine the chronological definition of cultural units along the southern Levant coast during the 7th millenniumbp, a time of major transition between the end of the Neolithic and beginning of the Chalcolithic.     

Shipwreck Evidence from Kilwa,Tanzania

This article reports on the artefacts and environment of marine ballast and pottery sites identified through inter‐tidal and underwater survey around Kilwa, Tanzania, one of the most important medieval sultanates along the east African coast. An inter‐tidal site on the limestone fringing reef on the approaches to Kilwa Kisiwani Harbour and an underwater site within the harbour have been dated from associated pottery to c.8th–10th century and the 13th–16th century respectively. The presence of exotic basalt ballast is discussed as an indicator of wreck‐sites.     

山东沿海旅游资源及开发思考

山东省沿海一带有着丰富的旅游资源,本文介绍了山东沿海一带海滩、山石、岛屿、温泉、黄河回等自然风光和名胜古迹。并对沿海旅游业的发展和旅游资源开发提出了设想和建议。     

Historical-Geographic Aspects Of The Development And Settlement Of The Black Sea Coast Of The Caucasus (within the boundaries of Krasnodar Kray)

The northeast coast of the Black Sea, extending from the present boundary of the Georgian SSR northwest through Sochi and Novorossiysk to the Taman Peninsula, was settled by Circassian tribes until the Russian conquest of the 1860s. The tribes practiced stockherding and fruitgrowing in the mountains and avoided the malarial swamps along the coast. The Russian settlement pattern that followed was exactly reversed, with population concentrated along the drained shore belt, with a new resort industry, and a virtually unpopulated mountainous hinterland. The rapid expansion of recreational activities along the coast tends to reduce the land available for farming and will ultimately require population movement into the lower and middle elevations of the mountain belt. The construction of access roads will be needed to foster settling of the mountains.     

Dragos Gheorghiu (ed.): Early Farmers,Late Foragers,and Ceramic Traditions: On the Beginning of Pottery in the Near East and Europe

Since 1960 the author has led the archaeological investigations in the mountains east of Mo i Rana in Northern Norway. An immense amount of material from the local Stone Age has been collected and a number of settlements have been excavated. There are great chronological problems attached to the North Scandinavian Stone Age cultures. The investigations at Mo i Rana present renewed opportunities of achieving chronological groupings and a few of the tentative results are indicated. The author has also undertaken investigations along Rana fjord in order to discover, if possible, relationships between finds from the mountains and from the coast. Some of the same phases seem to occur at both places, and it is possible that the same people have operated along the coast and in the mountains at different times of the year.     

Captive calculations and benevolent abandonment: Ransom piracy and the carceral occupation of hostage ships along the coast of Somalia

During the peak years of ransom piracy along the coast of Somalia, hijacked vessels remained anchored with hostages aboard for months or even years whilst hostage takers awaited ransom payments in exchange for releasing these vessels and their hostages. The present study theorizes how spatial strategies of violence co-produced carceral experiences among hostages and hostage takers alike by analyzing testimonials from former ransom piracy hostages aboard ships whose owners lacked insurance to disburse ransom payments and whose crew consisted of seafarers from African, Asian, and Middle Eastern countries ill-equipped to provide ransom payments. Utilizing a threefold theoretical conceptualization that unites work by political geographers on negative biopolitics (Rose), the violence of logistics (Cowen), and state ignorance (Hannah), the present study illuminates the precarious situation of both seafarer hostages and hostage takers aboard captured ships and demonstrates how hostage takers, ship owners, and global geopolitics jointly contributed to the suffering associated with ransom piracy along the coast of Somalia.     

Prehistoric shell beads on the Georgia coast

ABSTRACT

The prehistoric peoples living along the Georgia coast fabricated and used shell beads for millennia. Out of a number of mollusk species inhabiting the region, only a few were selected for the fabrication of beads. The knobbed whelk (Busycon carica) was the most common species used, and it represents the most common whelk found in Atlantic coastal waters. The lightning whelk (Busycon sinistrum), the second most common whelk in the region, was occasionally used in the production of beads. Small numbers of beads were made from marginella and olive shells and, rarely, from bivalve species. Small beads were manufactured from the body whorl of whelks, while larger beads were fabricated from whelk collumella. Shell beads appear in small quantities in Late Archaic period contexts, and then almost disappear during the Woodland period. Beads reappear in quantities at about AD 800 in the Early Mississippian period. More shell beads have been recovered from Mississippian period archaeological contexts along the northern Georgia coast than along the southern coast, reflective of cultural differences between these two geographic areas in the post-Woodland period era.