南诏古城“阳苴咩”地名译音考

以大理作为多民族文化交融之地为背景,结合佛教法典梵汉对音规律及古汉语音韵研究,文章从语源、语义、语音三方面论证了南诏古城地名"阳苴咩"是一个由梵语、孟高棉语等多种民族语言混合的地名,其释义为"缅桂花城"。这不仅与前人关于南诏又称"鹤拓"、"妙香国"等名称的解释相呼应,也与大理历史发展及民族文化传说高度吻合。     

建德市地名文化研究

地名是一种文化现象,与一个地区的自然环境、社会文化等关系密切。在历史发展的过程中许多地名保存了下来,但是更多的地名却随着时间的流逝淹没在历史中．建德市的地名,具有社会、历史、宗教等多方面的内涵,对建德地名文化进行研究,能够挖掘出建德地名文化潜在的价值,保护和传承建德目前趋于消失或已消失的地名,使独具特色的建德地名文化得到良好的传承。     

地名与河西的民族分布

地名作为语言的活化石,是研究民族分布及其变迁的重要依据。历史上河西走廊为多民族、多部落分布之地域,民族变动极为频繁,不同民族都曾以自己的语言命名过地名。本文通过对河西走廊有关地名的追索研究,初步探索了河西走廊地区历史上民族演替及分布状况。     

历史时期中国汉语地名“雅化”类型研究

“雅化”被认为是历史时期中国地名演变的一种突出价值取向,但既有研究对其内涵与范畴缺乏明确的认知与界定。针对历史时期“不雅”地名更易叙事进行分析研究,得出如下结论：历史时期中国汉语地名的“雅化”,主体上是以汉民族的三大阶层性文化心理价值取向为衡定,以不同类型的雅化对象、取向、路径与方式为体现的广义“雅化”;雅化对象可划分为“不善”“不正”“不美”三大类地名,雅化取向可分为大众吉化、儒家教化、文辞美化三大类;雅化路径与方式相应分为“依本雅化”和“换新雅化”两大路径及其主导下的11种方式。地名雅化反映了历史时期广义的“不雅”认知,也是中国传统文化思想在地理空间上的渗透与扩散;同时也必然有其历史局限。地名雅化应与地名的地域识别、历史记忆和文化传承三大主体功能相适应。     

地名变迁中的文化政治阐释——以从化温泉为例

最近三十年出现的地名研究的批判性转向,使地方命名的政治过程成为地名研究的核心议题。在此背景下通过从化温泉这一著名旅游地的地名变更过程的研究,对我国地名变迁的政治进行探讨。研究发现,一个地方的命名是一场复杂的政治经济角力过程。"从化温泉"这一地名在历史的演变中拥有了令人瞩目的"符号资本"价值,成为中国政治体制中不同尺度行动者积极争取的对象。处于上层尺度的行动者通过政治事件与营销不断累积"从化温泉"的政治符号意义,使其成为国家尺度的地方范畴。而处于下层的地方政府则通过地名转移使用赋予"从化温泉"以新的地方意义。在这场围绕地名的争夺中,地方社区与地名的历史联系被边缘化甚至消除。     

阿里地名拾趣

岩画——最早的地名 地名,是一个地方历史时代的活化石。通过地名的研究,可以了解古代人类活动的轨迹,破译大地沧桑的基因揭开某些人类之谜的钥匙。 阿里这片广袤的土地上人类的出现和生存由来已久。远古人类在这么广阔的地域活动,地名自然起着非常重要的作用。     

作为非物质文化遗产的北京历史地名

地名文化是北京地域文化的重要组成部分,而地名文化的特色在很大程度上是由这个区域之内的历史地名来体现的。当我们提到北京及其郊区清代以前使用过的地名时,往往很自然地把它们归人“历史地名”的范畴。     

运用地名学知识记述好续志中的地名文化

续志对于地名的记述,要注意其地名化内涵的揭示,编写中可借鉴地名学研究的方法,同时总结首届修志地名记述中的得失,从而承担起守住地名历史化的重任。     

“鬰林”古地名考释

围绕“郁林”古地名的由来,对历史上一些类书中有关记述进行比较深入剖析,并从历史发展、地理形势和民族语言诸方面加以论述,证明古地名“郁林”为壮族少数民族先民所命名的江河地名.     

东南方言地名“干”通名释义

中国东南地区"干"通名地名分布比较密集,这些地名分为实体名+干、姓氏/人名+干、方位+干、性状+干、地名+干共五类。古代文献地名中的"干"含有"边、厓"义,可泛指边际、边缘,也可以确指水边、山麓。历史上,苏南等地的北部吴语"干"曾经也是成词语素活跃在口语中。虽然宜兴等苏南地区表示"边缘、旁边"义的"干"已经退出方言口语交际场合,只固定在地名之中,但却为研究地名通名演变,研究词语更替提供了窗口和实例。     

南诏大理国及其造像

近年来佛教造像,尤其是金铜造像以其精美的造型和丰富的文化内涵,深受人们的喜爱,在国际市场上成为追捧的热点。其中唐宋时期云南南诏、大理国铸造的金铜佛像,以其风格独特、铸造精美、流传数量稀少,向为世人所珍。     

A Georgian Language Island in Iran: Fereydani Georgian

This article describes a dialectal variant of the Georgian language in Iran, Fereydani Georgian, which has survived in Iran for about 400 years. Various relevant aspects of the history and research on Fereydani Georgian are analysed. The choice of topics and sources focuses on previously unknown or, for the English-speaking reader, inaccessible authors. Since 2009, a large part of the linguistic data has been collected in several field studies in Fereydan. They serve as sources and show a revealing perspective on the origin, preservation and existence of the Georgian language island of Fereydani in Iran.     

Mapping languages from inside: Notes on perceptual dialectology

Language maps can represent many aspects of the linguistic situation in a certain territory. They usually draw particular views of the language setting as seen from outside, i.e. by linguists or scholars in general. However, maps can also be used to show the geographical distribution of the perception of language variation from the point of view of the speakers. The starting point for every kind of language map is the language border (and its definition): thus a perceptual language map needs a definition of border from the point of view of the speaker. To do that it is necessary to analyse 'perceptual data', that is to study the opinion the speaker has of the language diversities and compare the different kinds of perception. Points of interest can be, for example: the influence of the perceived ethnic diversity on the language variation—or vice versa, the fact that perceived ethnic borders do not match with perceived language borders; or moreover that perceived language borders do not necessarily match with the perceived comprehensibility of other language varieties (symbolic versus communicative function of language). Hence a possible linguistic borderline on perceptual language maps could be the limit among social language behaviours. From this point of view, sociolinguistic studies can be a good tool to draw perceptual language maps, since quantitative sociolinguistic researches provide the diatopic/diasthratic variation of the data, whilst qualitative research provides the perception of the variation. The paper discusses some field research case studies, coming from the Eastern and Western Alps in Italy, to better introduce this kind of perceptual geolinguistic explanation.     

The Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI): A Research Overview

There have been a number of important efforts to map out the languages of Iran, but until now no language atlas, or even a comprehensive and detailed country-level language map, has been produced. One of the recent initiatives which aims to fill this gap is the online Atlas of the Languages of Iran (ALI) (http://iranatlas.net). This article delineates objectives of the ALI research programme, atlas architecture, research methodology, and preliminary results that have been generated. Specific topics of interest are the structure and content of the linguistic data questionnaire; the handling of contrasting perspectives about the status of “languages” and “dialects” through a flexible multi-dimensional classification web; and the role of ongoing comparisons between language distribution assessments and hard linguistic data.     

Linguistic Ideologies,Text Regulation,and the Question of Post-Structuralism

Three works are reviewed that make significant contributions to anthropological linguistics. Two address theoretical and ethnographic concerns regarding linguistic ideologies and the dilemmas they pose for speech practices such as text regulation. Such practices are harnessed to cultural projects such as language modernization and nationalism. The third, a post-structuralist reading of language-and-culture studies concerned with orality and literacy, brings post-structuralist theory into conversation with ethnographers of communication and other students of language. This article argues that such an intervention is welcome and long overdue, though it questions what form this intervention should take.     

新课程下的语文教学初探

实施语文新课程教学,首先要注重培养良好的语文学习习惯。语文能力的发展是跟良好的习惯的养成紧密联系的,学生一旦养盛了良好的习惯,就变被动为主动,变依赖为独立,进入自主学习境界。教师要关注学生的自主探究和合作探究,促使他们自己去获得知识,发展能力,让学生在探究性学习中学有所思,思有所疑,疑有所问。     

丰约显意蕴 妙语著华章——文章语言文字问题浅析

意境深邃的文章是以精美的语言为支撑的。作者要写出好的作品,必须具有驾驭语言文字的能力和技巧。语言的丰约质美与绚烂淡雅,决定着文章的意蕴。因此,作者在写作时应根据思想感情表达的需要把握语言的繁缛华美或平淡质朴,以写出妙语连殊和令人赞叹的好文章。     

Implementing political agreement in Northern Ireland: Planning issues for Irish language policy

This paper examines the place of the Irish language in the context of the political agreement recently reached in Northern Ireland. Language planning issues are seen to turn on critical relationships between the emergent legislative framework and local Irish-speaking communities in the region. A model for community-based language planning initiatives is proposed as a means of ensuring the effective engagement of language policy with Irish-speakers. It is suggested that the issue of language rights is likely to become much more pressing as the new institutions of state seek to reflect the socio-political diversity of the region.     

Learning Geography Bilingually

A concern with the role of the ‘Other’ in geography in higher education has led to work on the incorporation of marginalized social groups into learning contexts. Recently some authors have discussed the role of language in teaching, and in particular the dominant role of the English language in marginalizing non‐Anglophonic students and subject matter. In this paper an empirical case study of the experiences of bilingual students at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth is developed. This research provides an account of the role of language in bilingual students' engagements with geography, and addresses the practicalities and the politics of enabling students with a diversity of linguistic skills to become full citizens of their geographical education.     

Language,geography and identity: The case of the Welsh in London

This paper explores the role of language in the construction of Welsh identities in London. It begins by mapping out some key theoretical connections between language, geography and identity, and argues that a reading of diaspora theory might be helpful in conceptualizing Welsh identities in the British capital. In particular, diaspora theory stresses that identities are made up of multiple social axes that need to be seen relationally. Diasporic identities make connections with more than one place challenging the notion of culture and language as delimited by the boundaries of particular national spaces. For many Welsh people in London, language is an important part of their attempts to meet others who share a common identity. London-Welsh societies facilitate this need, defining language in different ways, and interweaving the linguistic with other social axes to form powerful senses of belonging. Whilst London is a key migration destination, it is also a space of Welsh identities that draw centrally upon language, but make different geographical connections with Wales. The paper concludes by arguing that a diasporic reading of such processes allows a wider and more progressive understanding of the Welsh language, and highlights the importance of geography in doing so.