城市游憩商业区(RBD)布局研究

随着社会的进步和经济的发展,游憩一词对人们而言已不再陌生。学者们对游憩的研究也日趋深入。同时,随着都市旅游的兴起以及城市居民生活质量的提高,城市RBD的建设也成为一个热门的话题。本文从介绍RBD的相关概念着手,阐述了对游憩、城市游憩以及城市游憩商业区的理解。并通过城市RBD的空间表现形式、城市RBD的空间布局模式、城市RBD的空间分布规律等三个方面来剖析城市游憩商业区的空间布局特征。在此基础上,通过对RBD的布局现状的分析,试图构建一个城市RBD发展适宜度的评价指标体系,并给出了城市RBD发展适宜度的评价模型。     

广州城市游憩商业区(RBD)的形成与发展

城市游憩商业区作为城市中一种新的功能区已逐渐成为城市新的空间要素,为旅游者、本地及周边地区的居民承担着提供旅游、休闲、娱乐、购物等功能,并作为城市游憩系统中的重要组成部分。本文对初具规模的广州城市RBD--天河城地段进行实证研究,分析城市RBD的形成过程和发展特点,总结其形成机制。     

旅游度假区的景观生态设计思路

旅游度假区作为一种重要的旅游地,必须提供良好的服务设施和优越的生态环境背景。按景观生态的思路设计旅游度假区,对保持旅游度假区功能畅通、环境优美具有重要的意义,还能有效保护度假区及其周边重要的环境与资源,是旅游度假区开发成败的关键要素之一,因而具有重要的研究价值。论文从旅游度假区功能和结构分析入手,在提出旅游度假区景观生态设计的原理、原则以及目标的基础上,分别探讨了旅游度假区景观构成中的人工斑块、自然斑块和廊道的景观生态设计思路。提出人工斑块的设计要做到建筑与环境的契合、控制人工建筑物的高度和面积密度、保持人工建筑物的特色化和相对一致化、从景观产品的角度来规划设计建筑物;自然斑块的景观生态设计要做到保持足够比例的自然景观生态区域作为户外康体休闲活动场所;廊道的景观生态设计要做到引景道路、内部游径等的功能和景观效果的最佳状态,要以园林的设计思路来设计旅游度假区。     

城市滨海区域游憩环境系统研究--以大连市旅顺口区为例

城市滨海区域是海滨城市中最有活力的地段,也是海滨城市居民亲水、休闲娱乐的理想场所。本文在论述滨海区域游憩功能提升的基础上将这一区域游憩环境系统分为4个子系统：陆域游憩环境系统、海岸游憩环境系统、近海游憩环境系统和海岛游憩环境系统。其子环境系统构成的三要素是游客、游憩环境和交通。本文以大连市旅顺口区为例进行系统分析,提出该区今后建设游憩环境的几点建议。     

Techniques for the Recreational Evaluation of an Area

Because of the problem of factor weights in any integral evaluation of landscapes for recreational purposes, a systems approach is proposed for classifying factors in terms of relative significance. Internal and external landscape structures are distinguished. Internal structure involves the organization of the landscape, including components and their natural interactions. External structure reflects the landscape system's relations with other systems, either adjacent landscapes or systems of human activities. For purposes of recreational evaluation, landscape elements must be differentiated into classes in terms of their impact on recreation: active elements, favoring particular recreational uses; limiting elements; compensatory elements. The state of recreational resources must also take account of current economic use of the land. Some types of economic uses combine more readily with recreational uses than others. The systems technique is illustrated with reference to the Moscow region and the Issyk-Kul' basin in Central Asia.     

A time and place for everything: an essay on recreation, re-Creation and the Victorians

The institution of more regulated and spatially distinctive work practices from the early-eighteenth century onwards, together with the later Victorian penchant for classification, “cost-benefit analysis” and social theorizing drew increasing attention to the nature and use of leisure time amongst the ordinary mass of people. Mid-nineteenth century theorems began to advocate causal connections between the perceived inactivity of most leisure forms and the moral decline of the working class, and adherents to such theorems sought thereafter to institute new and improving means of recreation, or more extremely, re-Creation as a cure for the Nation's ills. Drawing further strength from constructed contrasts between the precepts of an earlier aristocratic and leisured eighteenth century, the Victorian “recreationists” sought both temporal means (based upon the use of Sunday particularly) and spatial strategies (from the design of the home, through to the set-aside space of the seaside resort) to instil discipline into leisure and to marginalize certain forms of unacceptable behaviour.     

Making heritage in an Australian coastal tourist resort: Constructing a cultural landscape through a comparative narrative

Abstract

The concept of cultural landscape embodies a dynamic understanding of history, in which past, present and future are seamlessly connected. This paper, drawn from a larger research project investigating the integration of tourism in small coastal settlements, introduces a multi‐method research strategy for interpreting cultural landscapes of tourism. The case study of a well‐known resort area on the east coast of Australia demonstrates the dynamic relationship between patterns in the landscape narrative and patterns in the built environment of small coastal settlements. In Noosa, a distinctive built form has evolved in parallel with the narrative of the place as a relaxed but stylish resort village dominated by nature. Both the narrative and physical landscape have been shaped by local and external processes of constant comparison and contrast with well known Australian and international coastal resorts. The paper illustrates how recurring themes in the local dialogue of place have flowed between key urban design/planning decisions, ephemeral tourism literature, publications, and the perceptions of residents, tourists and key informants as reported in focused conversational interviews.     

Let’s meet at Baiae: a journey of 2000 years to the edge of Europe

Since Antiquity, seaside resorts have figured among the most popular sites of leisure and tourism on the European continent. In many ways these sites clearly expressed and supported converging trends in European culture and society. Spa resorts brought together visitors from a range of nationalities in a shared culture of health, pleasure and recreation. This contribution aims to explore how the Mediterranean spa resort of Baiae in the Bay of Naples functioned as a significant cultural setting where visitors and local actors shaped, experienced, discussed and shared cultural values in a changing world throughout the ages.     

Beach body work: Australian women’s experiences

This article examines Australian women’s complex relationship with the beach through a focus on affect and on what bodies do. Interviews with ten participants of diverse backgrounds and of different ages reveal that women understand the beach as a mediated and surveilled space where their bodies are foregrounded. In this environment, there is an intersection of women’s knowledge of the popular constructions of the archetypal Australian beach body, real women’s bodies, and interviewees’ experiences of the beach as a place of shame and pride. As a means of managing this affective landscape participants detail a range of bodily strategies enacted prior to going to the beach and once at the beach. This bodily labour demonstrates that for Australian women the beach is a dynamic and complicated site of both leisure and labour.     

Land-beach-risk-scape: deciphering the motivators of risk-taking at the beach in Australia

Abstract

This article considers risk-taking associated with the popular leisure activity of beach going in Australia. It investigates the risk-taking proclivities and cultural protocols in Australian beach use which, to date, have received little research attention. Drawing on the testimonies of beachgoers, we provide a discussion on how risk can be both voluntary as well as accidental at the Australian beach. While accidental risk-taking can be attributed to a lack of beachscape safety or lack of hazard knowledge, it is often the result of peer, sociocultural and psychodynamic influences that result in the production and reproduction of a pervasive culture of risk-taking. This culture is explored via the influence of the enculturation of risk into Australian beach practices, the attenuation of safety perceptions among beachgoers, and the attraction to risky behaviours that affect those in the beach space. The reproduction of risk in Australian beach use and the feeling of attachment observed among research participants have been conceptualised as the embodied societal subject, as identified through geographic psychoanalysis. A psychoanalytic geographic interpretation of participant attitudes and beliefs concerning risk-taking and beach use has been used to theorise how the prevailing discourses and fantasies of Australian beach use shape this site-specific culture of risk.     

Ocean and grove: holiness,leisure, and contested landscapes at Ocean Grove,New Jersey

In 1869, leading members of the Wesleyan holiness movement established Ocean Grove, an oceanfront camp meeting resort in Monmouth County, New Jersey that would become one of the most popular religious resorts in the United States. Scholarship on Ocean Grove treats the resort as a significant example of the spatial preferences and town planning efforts of the holiness movement. Tracing conflicts between leisure and worship, and between the romanticization of nature versus the sacralization of city life, suggests the landscape of the resort emerged as a mediation of these conflicts and provides further evidence for the sacralization of nature as a necessary component in the planning of Methodist and holiness communities in the late nineteenth century.     

Thermal range of coastal tourism resort microclimates

With considerable evidence demonstrating the intrinsic importance of weather and climate for tourist decision-making, the projected redistribution of climatic resources as a result of climate change is anticipated to have important consequences for temporal and spatial patterns of tourism demand. Some of the world's leading coastal tourism destinations (Mediterranean and Caribbean) have been identified as becoming ‘too hot’ for tourism. However, the microclimates of coastal tourism areas have not been considered by such assessments. With a focus on thermo-physiologically relevant climatic parameters, this paper examines the adaptive range of microclimatic conditions available in two coastal resort settings in the Caribbean islands of Barbados and Tobago. Recorded weather parameters include air temperature, black globe temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed. The microclimatic results, which are presented using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), show that hourly thermal conditions can range up to 4 °C in different outdoor areas of the resort property (beach, garden, pool, cabana). This is salient in terms of characterizing tourism destinations for climate change assessments, as the results reveal that thermal conditions can vary at the micro-scale of a coastal resort, with the ability for tourists to attain thermally comfortable conditions within a single resort property. When a location becomes thermally uncomfortable (i.e. too hot), tourists can change their location (e.g. move from the pool to the beach), providing an onsite adaptive range between 1 °C and 4 °C. The results also demonstrate that thermo-physiologically relevant climatic parameters provide a more precise estimate of the available range of thermal comfort than is inferred from ambient temperature alone. The findings are discussed in the context of tourists’ climatic preferences and reveal that the microclimatic conditions recorded in this study (UTCI 29–36 °C) are well within tourists’ preferred thermal conditions and do not exceed tourists’ thermal thresholds for coastal tourism.     

NEGATIVE FACTORS IN THE USE OF THE BIOCLIMATIC RESOURCES OF THE APSHERON PENINSULA

The author raise several significant problems involved in plans to establish resort functions on the Apsheron Peninsula, which together with its major metropolitan areas (Baku and Sumgait), serves as a center for oil refining and petrochemical production based on significant offshore oil drilling in the Caspian Sea. Among these problems are the fact that part of the area of greatest resort/recreational potential (northern coast) is also the area of highest SC₂ concentrations (reflecting chemical production in Sumgait), and that another promising location (southern coast) exhibits high levels of NO₂ (largely attributed to automobile traffic and power generation in Baku) (translated by Andrew R. Bond).     

海滨旅游度假区发展模式比较研究——三亚亚龙湾和北海银滩度假区案例

三亚亚龙湾和北海银滩是我国海滨度假区发展的典型案例。在大量田野调查和对关键信息提供者深度访谈基础上,从度假区地方政府介入程度及方式、土地管理、招商引资、开发水平和绩效等方面进行了比较研究。研究发现,亚龙湾度假区是企业主导下市场化发展模式,而银滩度假区则是地方政府主导发展模式。以后者为代表的过度行政化治理结构是我国现阶段海滨度假区发展的制度特征。新时期海滨度假区需要探索政府和市场分工明确、责权清晰、优势互补、科学合理的治理结构,使得度假区在市场机制的引导下良性健康稳步发展。     

旅游地生命周期研究的回顾和展望

旅游地生命周期是旅游地演变过程中的基本问题,已成为学者们关注的热点之一。本文首先回顾了国内外旅游地生命周期研究的主要内容。接着从研究时间、内容和对象三方面比较了国内外研究的异同。最后就旅游地生命周期研究的新趋势提出几点看法,分析认为,今后应着重在地域范围、周期影响因素、周期衡量指标、相关理论的结合应用等方面拓展和深化旅游地生命周期理论的研究。     

古村落景区游客拥挤感知维度与游憩情绪影响机制研究——以西递、宏村为例

拥挤感知被认为是影响游客的游憩体验和满意度的重要指标,通过构建拥挤感知的多维度变化来探讨游客情绪的变化对满意度的影响研究仍不成熟。本文以西递、宏村为研究案例地,运用结构方程模型分析方法,构建空间拥挤、人潮拥挤和体验拥挤维度对游客游憩过程的影响模型,探讨了游客拥挤三个维度的影响因素。研究表明：①人潮拥挤对情感依附型游客积极情绪呈正向影响;②空间拥挤增加消极情绪,与游客满意度呈负相关关系;③体验拥挤对游客积极情绪呈显著负向影响;④人潮拥挤-积极情绪-满意度（0.359）之间的相互关系强于人潮拥挤-消极情绪-满意度（0.128）;空间拥挤-积极情绪-游客满意度（-0.241）的关联度强于空间拥挤-消极情绪-游客满意度（-0.142）;体验拥挤-积极情绪-游客满意度（-0.167）之间的影响关系弱于体验拥挤-消极情绪-游客满意度（-0.213）;⑤人口特征对拥挤感知的影响差异显著。     

Saltburn-by-the-Sea: The Early Years of a Stockton and Darlington Railway Company Venture

Abstract

There are throughout Great Britain numerous examples of nineteenth century new towns built on green field sites and in the north of England, for example, the names of Middlesbrough, West Hartlepool, Millom, Barrow and Silloth spring to mind. Saltburn-by-the-Sea on what was the coast of the North Riding of Yorkshire is of special interest in that, although a seaside resort, it was projected and built by the personalities who earlier had built the Stockton and Darlington Railway. This article attempts to describe the first twenty years of the existence of this new town, giving details of its physical development and indicating the struggle of the founders to make it a viable commercial enterprise.     

青岛市商业中心空间结构研究

本文在对青岛市商业中心空间结构历史演变分析的基础上,阐述了青岛市商业中心空间结构的现状特征、存在问题及其成因,而后分析了青岛市商业中心空间结构的影响因素,最后,根据青岛市商业中心空间布局的现状特征和今后城市地域的拓展方向,提出了青岛市商业中心空间结构优化的方向及对策。     

Reclaiming Vision: Looking at landscape and the body

This paper responds to feminist critiques of the masculinity of the landscape tradition within geography. It draws upon reassessments of the gaze within film theory, art history and cultural studies as well as within representational practice. It does so in order to reclaim the concept of landscape as a theoretical tool and subject of study for a feminist cultural geography. In theorising a reclamation of looking and landscape through a critical feminist approach, issues of vision and space, gender and representation, politics and pleasure are brought forcefully together through considering images of the male body as landscape by two contemporary women artists. While recognising the politics of representation, the aim is to deconstruct ideas of an unproblematic women's vision and of a singular or essential male or female gaze. Despite the way in which the metaphor of the body/land has been employed to justify both approaches to women and the environment and to legitimate colonisation, this paper suggests that with regard to both the body and landscape we need to look again and reconsider the radical potential of visual pleasure and traditions of visual representation.     

县级城镇居民休闲行为研究——以云南蒙自县为例

随着社会经济的发展,城市居民自由时间的增多,休闲日益社会化和大众化。本文以县级城镇云南蒙自为例,通过调查分析,得出城镇居民休闲行为的一般特征,并对其形成原因进行相关分析。此结论可以为县级城镇进行城市休闲设施的供给与空间布局提供支持,为多种形式的城市休闲产业的发展提供参考。