Algunas reflexiones en torno al término latín en la documentación alfonsí

This study examines the development of linguistic consciousness in thirteenth-century Hispano-Romance by analyzing the relationship between the terms latín and romance in works sponsored by Alfonso X. In the article, the author demonstrates that numerous lexical items (e.g., injuria, negligencia, suspensión, inquisición) were already a part of Romance vocabulary despite their labeling as latín in the Alfonsine texts ("iniuria en latin tanto quiere dezir en romançe commo desonrra que es fecha o dicha aotro a tuerto o a despreçiamiento del," Siete Partidas). Framed within the (later stages of the) "complex monolingualism" approach proposed by Roger Wright, the author also argues that, as Hispano-Romance speakers in Castile expanded their cultural knowledge, the term latín became associated with the areas from which vocabulary was taken to supply new scientific or pseudo-scientific expressions. The designation latín, in the contexts under scrutiny, was perceived not as a language but as a lexical register marker in the higher sociolects of the vernacular.     

Reflexiones en torno al teatro en la producción crítica de Alberdi y Sarmiento

This article examines the important role played by Juan B. Alberdi's and Domingo F. Sarmiento's literary articles in advancing the modern nationalist discourse in Argentina. I argue that in their performance reviews, these two men of letters advocated for the formation of a national theater in an effort to promote a national cultural expression.     

Violencia y género en Los comendadores de Córdoba de Lope de Vega

This article studies the correct generic framing of an early work of Lope de Vega,Los comendadores de Córdoba, which has attracted recent criticism, in part because the structure of tragedy is undermined by numerous laughable and grotesque elements. It therefore seems to be a play characterized by failure to follow the path of a specific genre. This article tries to overcome this problem by studying the relationship between gender and violence.     

Topoiesis: Procesos de espacialización en la literatura (crítica y metodología)

ABSTRACT

Space in literary texts has been widely studied but poorly systematized. There is no valid method of analysis that gives space a critical meaning. For instance, critics have eluded the fact that time and space cannot be considered separately. On the other hand, they have used concepts or methods from disciplines aside literature such as anthropology, biology, psychology, or geography that do not help clarify the meaning or signification of a literary text. We begin this article by giving a review of the main theoretical and critical positions regarding space in literature from the second half of the twentieth century. We do this in order to evaluate the main results those studies have attained. Later on, we propose a methodology that may clarify the significance of space in a literary text. The concept topoiesis (as far as we know, it has not been used in the humanities) represents for us a key word. It helps us to distinguish one main process where space can turn from a signification practice to the production of meaning in a literary text.     

Jerusalén celestial en los Andes: apropiación iconográfica y autorrepresentación en la pintura mural tardo-colonial

Este artículo estudia la pintura mural de finales del período colonial como fenómeno de un cristianismo andino transcultural y agente. La investigación rastrea y analiza la representación de iglesias locales (en tanto autorrepresentadas en sus propios muros), observando en el motivo iconográfico la apropiación comunitaria del arte de la evangelización y la configuración de identidades locales en nuevas formas visuales. Se destacan las redes de referencia visual de estas imágenes con representaciones coetáneas, así como también su contraste con las técnicas del control doctrinario y con los registros documentales, con el objetivo de comprender la epistemología del espacio religioso forjada en los poblados indígenas de los siglos XVIII y XIX.     

Comercio y comerciantes en América Latina colonial: Reflexión historiográfíca

Tráfico de Indias y política oceánica. By Fernando Bordejé Y Morencos. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1992. Pp. 341.

Relaciones económicas entre España y América hasta la independencia. By John R. Fisher. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1992. Pp. 280.

Las comunicaciones en América. By Secundino‐José Gutiérrez Alvarez. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1993. Pp. 424.

Piratas, bucaneros, filibusteros y corsarios en América. Perros, mendigos y otros malditos del mar. By Manuel Lucena Salmoral. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1992. Pp. 306.

El dinero americano y la política del imperio. By María Emelina Martín Acosta. Madrid: MAPFRE, 1992. Pp. 333.

Cargadores a Indias. By Julian B. Ruiz Rivera and Manuela Cristina García Bernal. Madrid: Mapfre, 1992. Pp. 395.     

Consejero de Felipe III en su Real Consejo de Indias: venalidad y corrupción en el servicio a la Monarquía

During the reign of Philip the III, one of the most famous legal proceedings of the 17th century took place. It was conducted against Pedro Franqueza and Alonso Ramírez de Prado, who were charged for taking advantage of the king's trust to obtain personal benefits and in detriment of the Monarchy. Two of the charges were referred to the case of an adviser from Indias: Lic. Francisco Alonso de Villagrá, who might have obtained the position through fraudulent activities with the all-powerful Pedro Franqueza. Based on the analysis of the documents pertaining to this case, the aim of this research is to unravel the events that took place, understand the causes that led Villagrá to become involved and the consequences of the way in which the position was acquired.     

La espada,la cruz y el padrón: soberanía,fe y representación cartográfica en el mundo ibérico bajo la monarquía hispánica, 1503–1598

Antique Maps of Wales. By John Booth. Montacute, Somerset, 1977. pp. xiv, 132, illustrated, £4.95.

Sir Francis Drake. An exhibition to commemorate Francis Drake's voyage around the world, 1577–1580. Pp. 128, illustrated. British Museum Publications, 1977. Price £2.50.

Nautical charts on vellum in the Library of Congress. Compiled by Walter W. Ristow and R. A. Skelton. Washington 1977.

Collection for the History of Cartography. By Roy. V. Boswell. Fullerton, California: Published by Roy V. Boswell, 1976. pp. 41. (typewritten and xeroxed in an edition of 100 copies).

Maps for an emerging nation: Commercial cartography in nineteenth century America. By Walter W. Ristow. Library of Congress, Washington, 1977, pp. 66, 20 figures, U.S. $5.00.

The Nature of Maps. Essays toward Understanding Maps and Mapping. By Arthur H. Robinson and Barbara Bartz Petchenik. Chicago and London, The University of Chicago Press, 1976, pp. 138.

Lee, Chan, Old Maps of Korea. The Korean Library Science Research Insitute, Seoul, Korea, 1977, 249 pages (22,000 Hwan, $50.00).     

De la caída de Tenochtitlán al decaimiento del Make Sicko Seedy de Carlos Fuentes: Ciudades en crisis,mundos por nacer

Carlos Fuentes's 1987 carnivalesque novel, Cristóbal nonato, criticizes Mexico's prehispanic past through a satire of Tenochtitlán-Mexico City in the neoliberal, postnational era. This study consequently juxtaposes criticism, theory, and analysis from both imperial Aztec Mexico and nationalist modern Mexico. While the bulk of this 600-page novel confronts readers with a highly negative (although often risible) view of both Mexicos, it ultimately leads to a happy ending with a didactic twist: If Mexicans will stop abandoning Mexico for the North or other green pastures, and instead stay in Mexico despite its many problems, they can turn things around by their altruism and their activist determination.     

Lacras urbanas: Juego,prostitución y mendicidad en el entremés barroco

Abstract

The image of a courtly and cosmopolitan Madrid that enjoyed an intense cultural life where millions were spent on luxurious festivals that attracted famous artists and travelers also contained a marginal space where poor people, the crippled, thieves, soldiers, gamblers, prostitutes, and black people lived and made a living. Where the long walks along the Prado at sunset lost their gallantry and became spaces of the night where ruffians challenged each other to duels and ended up, in most cases, in the overpopulated jails of the kingdom. Where the domestic space was transformed into house brothels and gambling dens, full of gamblers and onlookers. Where in the streets, one did not go only to shop but to beg for alms, to con and rob, or where the churches, a place of knowledge and shelter, became places for amorous and clandestine meetings, and where prostitutes, thieves, and murderers hid to escape the law. In this article, I will examine the social meaning of this underworld in seventeenth-century urban Madrid from the perspective of marginality. My interpretation of the urban centers explores baroque Madrid as a space of conflict. From this conflict, new ways of speaking, living, writing, and reinventing urban landscapes arise. Many of the short pieces written in that time articulate their plots through the relationships between marginal society and the established power structures and exhibit social changes in light of the economic processes associated with the development of Madrid as the imperial capital.     

La prudencia de Cortés: teoría política y práctica retórica en la Historia de la conquista de México de Antonio de Solís

The Historia de la conquista de México, published by Antonio de Solís in 1684, and later extensively reissued and translated, has been praised for the ‘elegance’ and ‘sweetness’ of its style. From very early on these qualities made the Historia to be read as a prose model worthy of imitation. Different scholars have studied Solís's sources and the way he manipulated them on the one hand, and, on the other, the extent of the reliability of his account. However, very little has been said about the actual writing practices of the Historia in the context of contemporary historiographical theories, or the author's own ideas about history or politics. This paper analyzes how some of these rhetorical techniques (I particularly focus on the use of oratio figurata, sententia, and epiphoneme) gave shape to Solís's political ideas, in particular the concept of prudence.