古代埃及的档案

公元前4000年代,古埃及人在尼罗河流域创造了光辉灿烂的化,发明了象形字,产生了用字记载下来的各种献记录,形成了埃及奴隶制国家最早的档案。古代埃及档案献的种类齐全,内容丰富。并设有专门的档案保管库,充分为埃及法老政府所利用,促进了古代埃及的化、艺术和科学技术的发展。     

古埃及神庙建筑艺术风格溯源

神庙建筑是古埃及文明的重要组成部分。神庙建筑艺术风格是多重因素综合而形成的,其原因复杂而深邃。它的设计风格、美学风格、装饰风格和布局风格都与埃及人所处的人文地理环境和宗教文化息息相关。在这种人文地理环境下形成的创世神话、宇宙神学、生死观等思想是神庙建筑艺术风格形成的主要来源。     

古代埃及瘟疫的传播和影响北大核心CSSCI

在古代埃及,瘟疫广泛存在且种类较多。尼罗河既是古代埃及人的主要水源也是其交通命脉,因此也成为瘟疫的主要传播途径。一方面,囿于当时社会生产力的发展水平,古代埃及人往往把瘟疫的发生理解为神明的惩罚,因此通常通过向瘟疫之神献祭并念动咒语的方式来驱逐瘟疫对人的伤害。另一方面,埃及人也能理性地面对瘟疫的发生,并积极运用医学知识治疗瘟疫,采取措施有效地阻止瘟疫的蔓延。瘟疫的传播不仅对古代埃及社会产生影响,而且也深刻地影响着埃及与其周边国家和地区的交往。同时,瘟疫的传播也是埃及与古代近东地区密切交往的结果。     

古代埃及早期统一的国家形成过程

埃及学界长期以来把来自上埃及的那尔迈视为在短时间内通过武力占领下埃及并建立统一的王权国家的君主,学者们无一例外地以那尔迈调色板为最重要证据。随着考古发掘工作的深入和出土文物的增多,有必要对上述未免有些简单化的观点进行补充和修正。本文旨在强调古代埃及早期统一国家的产生是一个多重因素促成的漫长的过程。文章试图通过描写和分析时间上比那尔迈调色板更早,但在体裁和题材上与那尔迈调色板相似的出土文物,来阐述以希拉孔波利为中心的上埃及统治阶层由南向北进行扩张的基本脉络,同时指出贸易和文化交流在国家形成过程中所起的不容忽视的作用。     

New Records for Ancient Pests: Archaeoentomology in Egypt

Recent work on material from New Kingdom and Byzantine Amarna has considerably expanded our knowledge of the insect fauna of Egypt. As well as presenting new fossil records, the paper reviews archaeoentomological work from mummies, offerings and archaeological material and attempts to highlight the necessity of fossil insect study in the archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean.     

Trade and Power in Ancient Egypt: Middle Egypt in the Late Third/Early Second Millennium BC

Middle Egypt provides a unique insight into the organization of power, politics, economy, and culture at the turn of the third millennium BC. The apparently easy integration of this region into the reunified monarchy of king Mentuhotep II (2055–2004 BC) was possible because the interests and the local lineages of potentates were preserved. Trade and access and/or control of international exchange networks were important sources of wealth and power then. And Middle Egypt appears as a crossroads of diverse populations, as a hub of political and economic power, as a crucial node of exchanges through the Nile Valley, and as a power center whose rulers provided support to the monarchy in exchange of local autonomy and considerable political influence at the Court. In the new conditions of early second millennium, potentates from Middle Egypt succeeded in occupying a unique advantageous position, not matched elsewhere in Egypt, because of the concentration of wealth, trade routes, new technologies, political power, and autonomy in the territories they ruled.