地理标志的法律保护制度探讨

本文通过对国际国内地理标志保护法律制度的分析比较,提出完善我国地理标志保护的立法建议及我国应在地理标志国际保护发展进程中采取的对策。     

河南人文地理研究与进展——河南科学院地理所人文地理发展简介

部门人文地理是河南省开展较多的研究领域,这一领域的分支较多,根据工作开展情况,这里主要叙述经济地理中的农业、工业地理和城市及旅游地理。     

乡村旅游特色农产品开发及品牌推广——以江门杜阮凉瓜为例

杜阮凉瓜是江门市的特色农产品,也是农业部国家农产品地理标志特色农产品。本文通过分析江门市近年来发展乡村旅游过程中,针对杜阮凉瓜从资源开发到品牌推广上总结出的现有经验,分析其存在的问题和局限,并认为杜阮凉瓜在后续的有效开发上应在有效规划、引入标准体系、培养人才、注入文化内涵四方面提出进行优化和提升。     

农业文化遗产人寄语

正龙脊梯田农业系统展现给了世界一片美丽风景,我们要坚持保护梯田农业生态系统及所蕴含的生物多样性、农业自然景观、农业民俗文化、农业生产技术,同时通过农产品和特色食品加工及休闲农业与乡村旅游发展,拓展农业生产功能和发展方式,提高当地农民收入,引导农民成为全球重要农业文化遗产保护的重要参与者。     

曲沃县烟草种植浅谈

在社会发展的历史长河里,农业生产总是第一位的产业。它既关系到人们吃饭的问题,又是许多与农产品相关的加工工业发展的前提。农业生产发展了,农民有饭吃有钱花,工业生产才能兴盛。由于各县地理、气候、土质条件的不同,要发展农业就必须抓住当地龙头作物种植,做到纲举目张,一业兴百业旺。历史上,曲沃县种植烟草是个很好的范例。     

青海将在青海湖、三江源区建立国家地理标志

近日,青海省《建立国家地理标志青海湖与三江源区测量技术方案设计》正式通过专家评审,这标志着青海省在青海湖、三江源区建立国家地理标志的工作取得了新的进展。     

立足工商行政管理职能 着力推进社会主义新农村建设——湖南省工商行政管理局

“十一五”规划纲要把新农村建设放在各项战略任务的首位,为积极、全面、认真完成这一重大决策,湖南工商部门立足工商行政管理职能,求真务实,锐意创新,从六个方面着力推进社会主义新农村建设。一是品牌兴农。大力实施商标兴农战略,引导农民运用农产品商标和地理标志增收,推广“公司＋农户＋商标”经营模式,支持农业龙头企业争创于予粤学寥驰名商标以及申请国际商标注册。二是合同帮农。     

近14年的农业发展与财经政策

近１４年的农业发展与财经政策刘德雄１４年来，通过改革，中国农业得到了长足的发展，但其中也出现过一些曲折。以主要农产品粮棉的产量为标志，大体经历了１９７９－１９８４年的超速增长、１９８５－１９８８年的回落和１９８９－１９９２年的恢复发展三个时期。本文拟...     

大数据在测绘地理信息方面的应用

测绘地理信息是一项面向建筑测绘、国土开发、城市规划的工作,其工作内容可以分为工程测量、数字测图、地理相关数据采集和地理信息系统的构建,其工作的开展需要运用到测绘基础知识、地形测量、测量数据处理等技术。当前测绘地理信息的开展虽能对地理信息应用体系进行技术性的整合,但由于技术的限制,其在测绘数据的深度搜集和分析层面仍存在很大的不足。随着大数据技术的发展与成熟,给测绘地理信息工作带来了契机,因此大数据在测绘地理信息中的应用具有重要的研究意义。     

大明宫遗址保护50年

根据各时期的不同特点,大明宫遗址的保护工作大体可以1995年为限,分为前、后两个时期。前一时期的保护管理工作,主要表现为“看护式”保管,工作重点是建立健全管护机构、划定保护范围、树立保护标志、开展遗址巡查和制止违法破坏行为。遗址重点保护范围达3．5平方公里,三分之一已经没入市区,随着城市的不断扩展,     

发展农业旅游,缓解“三农”问题——兼论农业旅游的经济社会影响

农业旅游既是一种新兴的旅游方式,又是一种新型的农业生产经营形式。发展农业旅游可以调整农业经济结构,培育农村新的经济增长点,安置农村剩余劳动力,促进农民增收,改变农村整体面貌,从而缓解三农业问题。     

The Malleability of Participation: The Politics of Agricultural Research under Neoliberalism in Bolivia

This article analyses how neoliberal restructuring encouraged the use of participatory methods in agricultural research in Bolivia and how, at a later stage, participatory development initiatives had to be adapted to prevent conflicts with the post‐neoliberal views of farmer organizations. The article contributes to the debate on the normalization of participatory methods in agrarian development. Engaging with Foucault's work on governmentality and neoliberalism, our analysis goes beyond interpretations of participation which conceptualize it exclusively as a technology of power to discipline subjects. Drawing on a distinction between a liberal and a neoliberal moment in the restructuring of agricultural research, we study the case of PROINPA (Foundation for the Promotion and Research of Andean Products), a national NGO that was once part of the state system for agricultural research but was then privatized. Although PROINPA employed participation mainly to enhance managerial effectiveness, it also facilitated moments of participation from below. We argue that participation designed by this type of NGO is not just ‘technical’ as PROINPA professionals would like to perceive it, nor is it simply ‘political’ as critical views on participation hold. Instead it is malleable in the sense that each actor is involved in finding a new balance between technical, economic and political considerations.     

河北农业合作化运动述评

本文分两个阶段考察了河北农业合作化运动的发展过程 ,论述了各阶段的特点及其原因 ,在指出工作中存在的缺点和错误的同时 ,充分肯定了河北省农业合作化运动的成就。文中还对河北省一批受到毛泽东赞扬的闻名全国的办社典型作了分析 ,指出它们不仅对河北省而且对全国的农业合作化运动都产生了重大的积极影响。     

Agricultural Origins and Frontiers in South Asia: A Working Synthesis

The accumulation of recent data from archaeobotany, archaeozoology and Neolithic excavations from across South Asia warrants a new overview of early agriculture in the subcontinent. This paper attempts a synthesis of these data while recommending further systematic work and methodological developments. The evidence for origins and dispersals of important crops and livestock from Southwest Asia into South Asia is reviewed. In addition evidence for indigenous plant and animal domestication in India is presented. Evidence for probable indigenous agricultural developments in Gujarat, the Middle Ganges, Eastern India, and Southern India are reviewed. An attempt is made to highlight regions of important frontiers of interaction between early farmers and hunter-gatherers. The current evidence suggests that the Neolithic trajectories in different parts of South Asia differ from each other. Indigenous centers of plant domestication in India also differ from the often discussed trajectory of Southwest Asia, while suggesting some similarities with agricultural origins in Africa and Eastern North America as well as secondary agricultural developments on the peripheries of Eurasia. An erratum to this article can be found at     

Red outposts in a hostile landscape: People's houses,People's parks and the reconstruction of rural southern Sweden's political geography, 1889–1909

Organizing rural workers has always proved to be a challenge for the labour movement. This was especially the case in Scandinavia where well into the industrial era, labour and property relations in the agricultural countryside remained essentially feudal in character. Nonetheless, and especially in the rich agricultural districts of the southernmost province of Skåne, the Swedish labour movement had succeeded spectacularly by the interwar years. Perhaps unintuitively, a key to its success was that it focused as much money and energy on constructing new spaces of culture and leisure – so-called People's Houses and People's Parks – as it did to direct workplace organizing. Drawing on Kevin Cox's concepts of “spaces of dependence” and “spaces of engagement,” this paper explains how and why Sweden's labour unions succeeded in remaking Skåne's political geography and transformed the region into one of the strongest social-democratic districts in early-twentieth century Sweden.     

对搞好农牧区“广播电视村村通”工程的几点认识

“广播电视村村通”工程是农牧区广播电视事业发展的载体,是解决边远山区农牧民群众看不到电视、听不到广播难题的“民心工程”。要因地制宜,探索建立农牧区广播电视公共服务体系,搞好“广播电视村村通”工程建设。     

稻作农业起源研究中的植物考古学

早期稻作农业是植物考古学的一个研究热点。本文首先厘清了农业、栽培和驯化等稻作农业发展中的常用术语。进而对区分野生稻与驯化稻,即反映“半驯化”特征的几个指标包括基盘、谷粒尺寸和植硅石分别展开讨论。文章结合我们对现代野生稻和栽培稻的测量数据以及田螺山的工作,引用了国内外诸多考古实例和最新的分子学证据,证据表明上述几个指标在某些程度上多少可以作为性状来判断驯化稻是否已经出现,但是随着农业景观概念的提出,耕地杂草群落作为农田系统研究的证据．为稻作农业出现和发展研究展开了新视野。     

Taming the control of chronology in ancient agricultural structures in the Calchaqui Valley,Argentina. Non-traditional data sets

The absolute chronology of the agricultural soil from organic matter has always been difficult to measure due to several reasons. In our work on the Prehispanic agriculture in the Calchaqui Valley – Argentina, however, an absolute chronology is necessary to distinguish the Inca prevalence of the previous agricultural structure. Instead of looking for a new dating methodology, we have used the 14C method trying to eliminate the error sources typical of soils. Thus, we have dated new types of agricultural structures, with the assumption that they would have worked as archaeological “seals”. In the present paper we show that the dating of the beginning of the use of the Prehispanic agricultural systems has been successful.     

Ester Boserup's theory of agrarian change: a critical review

As discussions of the positive effect of population growth upon agricutural change have been less common than focus on the negative effects, Ester Boserup's book, "The Conditions of Agricultural Growth," and her subsequent work in which it is argued that population growth is the prime cause of agricultural change is of great importance. The objective of this essay is to review earlier attempts to relate the intensification of agriculture to population growth, to outline Boserup's theory, and to examine the criticisms which have been made of the theory. Boserup maintains that population growth is the cause rather than the result of agricultural change and that the principal change is the intensification of land use. The theory of agricultural development posed by Boserup is more subtle and complex than that of any of her predecessors. She sees population pressure as a major cause of change in land use, agricultural technology, land tenure systems, and settlement form. Boserup argues that population growth is independent of food supply and that population increase is a cause of changes in agriculture. The principal means of increasing agricultural output is intensification. Boserup's work has had a varied response from readers; other economists have been less than enthusiastic. It might seem as if the critics of Boserup's theory have left it in tatters. Her central argument, that intensification reduces labor productivity, remains unproven. There are few who would agree that an increase in the frequency of cropping is the only possible response to population pressure; the extensive margin can be extended, higher yielding crops adopted, and methods that increase yields introduced independently of increases in the frequency of cropping. Emigration or the control of numbers may relieve population pressure. Intensification can also take place without population pressure, under the stimulus of urban growth or the development of trade. It is difficult to accept that population pressure is the only cause or agrarian change or that the increased frequency of cropping is the only response to population pressure, yet the thesis is a fruitful interpretation of agrarian change. Assuming population growth as a change mechanism can lead to important new conclusions regarding the nature of agrarian change in western European history.     

Tracing Settlement Patterns and Channel Systems in Southern Mesopotamia Using Remote Sensing

Abstract

The integration of spatial datasets from historical satellite imagery, digital elevation models (DEMs), and past archaeological surveys provides new insights into the nature and remains of past landscape transformations. Using southern Mesopotamia as a case study, this article addresses, both quantitatively and qualitatively, long-held assumptions concerning the nature and relationship of settlement patterns and river channel systems in antiquity. GIS and image analysis are used to fill in gaps in the settlement record and propose a revised location for the Tigris River during most of antiquity. Given that only one-third of the central alluvial plain had been ground surveyed in southern Mesopotamia, how complete was our picture of landscape and settlement? How could gaps in settlement be interpreted? The present work in the area east of Baghdad suggests that archaeologists and historians have underestimated the nature and movements of the Tigris River. Satellite imagery can help reveal the location of the Tigris River prior to its settling into its modern course, shedding light on its potential role in the rise of early Mesopotamian agricultural societies. The work presented here proposes a methodology for unweaving and mapping preserved pieces of ancient landscapes, addressing larger issues of human modification of the landscape.