建筑遗产修缮工程的结构处理技术——明显陵陵寝门的修缮

为研究现代化城市建设进程中建筑遗产的保护,对明显陵陵寝门修缮工程的个案进行分析,并发掘钢结构这种现代建设手段在文物保护与修缮工程中的实际应用途径。修缮方案实施后,证明此方法具有可行性,和兼顾历史真实性与现代结构成功应用的创新性。     

氯离子选择性电极测定铁器碱性脱盐溶液中 氯离子的含量

在铁质文物的保护过程中,脱盐是重要的保护程序之一。通常铁器的脱盐溶液为碱性。本工作主要研究氯离子选择性电极法在测定碱性脱盐溶液中的氯离子含量时,溶液pH值和复配溶液中的表面活性剂对测定结果的影响。实验结果表明:(1)用氯离子选择性电极法测定碱性脱盐溶液或复配碱性脱盐溶液中的氯离子浓度是可行的;(2)溶液的pH值对测量结果有一定的影响,当溶液pH值在2～7范围内时,其对电位值影响不大;(3)表面活性剂对测量结果影响较小,在实际应用中,应配制与待测溶液组分相同的氯离子标准溶液,后期数据处理并绘制标准曲线,以使测量结果尽可能接近实际值。精密度和回收率实验表明,该方法准确度满足定量分析的要求。由此可见,当脱盐溶液为碱性NaOH或复配碱性NaOH溶液时,用氯离子选择性电极实时监测脱盐溶液中的氯离子含量能较好地反映器物脱盐程度。     

Investigating the production provenance of iron artifacts with multivariate methods

The quest for suitable data, data treatments and statistical methods for identifying the provenance of iron artifacts has led to a variety of analytical strategies. Researchers working on the problem have been slow to develop or adopt the use of multivariate statistical techniques, despite their successful implementation in other archaeomaterials sourcing frameworks. This paper explores the analytical potential of a comprehensive multivariate statistical strategy for identifying the primary production origins of bloomery iron artifacts using bulk chemical analyses of bloomery smelting slag and slag inclusions in iron artifacts. This strategy includes a multivariate model for identifying distinct slag inclusion types introduced during smelting and refining. Principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis are then applied to smelting slag training sets to create multivariate provenance fields, the chemical distributions of which are defined by kernel density estimation. Single and multi-group evaluation methods are examined. Appropriate data transformations are discussed to facilitate the projection of the chemistry of “unknown” slag inclusions into the multidimensional space generated by the smelting slag groups of known provenance. The efficacy of this strategy is demonstrated through its application to a previously examined data set derived from three iron production experiments and a published archaeological example. Results indicate that an appropriately designed multivariate strategy can be an effective tool for evaluating provenance hypotheses for bloomery iron artifacts.     

Conservation and development strategies for larger cities

This paper focuses on the problem of overloading experienced by larger cities. This arises from the continued attractiveness of cities for work by increasing numbers despite environmental degradation and traffic congestion. The paper offers an analysis of ways out of the problem via a general strategy based on what the author calls the creation of alternative centralities in the case of the larger metropolitan areas, and the development of ‘urban networks’ in the case of the least intense urban areas.     

德国多孔隙石质古迹化学增强保护新材料和新施工工艺

介绍了20世纪90年代德国石质古迹化学增强保护的新材料和新的施工工艺,提出呈皮壳状风化石雕保护的建议。     

秦汉铁器锈蚀机理探讨及保护方法研究

为了搞清铁器的锈蚀机理,为铁器文物保存提供最佳条件,通过对秦汉两代几件铁器不同部位腐蚀产物分析及不同条件下铁器锈蚀情况实验来研究古代铁器锈蚀机理及保护方法,结果发现,铁器锈蚀成分不仅十分复杂,而且同一锈蚀产物中α、β、γ三种构型的FeO.OH共存,实属罕见,同时采用新的保护方法,使铁器处于一个干燥,无氧,无盐,无水,无有害气体的最佳保护状态。     

我国考古和文物保护工作中物探技术的应用

20世纪80年代以来,物探技术在考古和物保护方面应用越来越多,在古墓探查、大型古建筑地下遗存现状探查、重要古建基础状况探查、古遗迹断代等方面,地球物理技术都找到了发挥作用的机会。本通过地球物理技术在云冈石窟、龙门石窟、克孜尔石窟、北京故宫紫禁城、嵩岳寺塔、古泗州城遗址、风阳明中都等的物理探查实例,以及查找古墓、古遗迹断代等方面的工作,介绍了我国在考古和物保护领域应用地球物理技术的进展,并指出了物探在用于考古和保时的特点和展望。     

现场PS喷洒渗透加固深度与喷洒工艺的对比研究

为研究PS喷洒工艺与渗透深度的关系,进而为加固施工提供技术参数,为此在甘肃省敦煌市河州堡开展了现场试验。在划定试验区域,开展了3％、5％与7％浓度在不同次数喷洒的渗透深度试验,同时对PS用量进行了统计。试验结果表明：（1）内墙上,7％浓度PS三次喷洒的渗透深度满足防风化加固的要求且PS用量适中;（2）外墙上,5％浓度PS喷洒三次渗透深度满足防风化加固的要求且PS用量适中。通过试验可知,PS喷洒多次渗透效果更为理想,低浓度PS渗透密度大的土体与高浓度PS渗透密度小的土体效果较好。试验结论为正在施工中的交河故城遗址体防风化加固提供了施工依据。     

Non-invasive on-site method for thickness measurement of transparent ceramic glazes based on depth from focus

Glazed ceramics are a common material analyzed through geochemistry, whether in the form of tableware collected during excavations or tiles observed as part of architectural features. Within the framework of these studies, measuring the thickness of the transparent glaze is one of the useful variables available for the characterization of the ceramic, contributing to searches for provenance as well as serialization. However, this task often requires invasive methods performed in the laboratory, which may not always be possible. This paper develops a non-invasive and portable on-site system for measuring the thickness of ceramic glazes. Based on the depth from focus technique, this method makes use of a classical camera, a macroscopic lens, a translation stage, and a laptop for system control. In this article, we test this method through the measurement of glaze for ten samples as compared to results obtained for sections through scanning electron microscopy.     

A Conservation Management Plan for Gordion and its Environs

Abstract

A Conservation Management Plan for Gordion and its Environs has been developed by a multidisciplinary team within a partnership between the University of Pennsylvania (both the School of Design and Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology) and Middle East Technical University (Faculty of Architecture) in Ankara. The project has involved a new approach to the protection of cultural material at the site itself, as well as the survey and documentation of a 140 km² area, with Gordion as its centre, to include the village of Yass?höyük and five nearby villages, historic sites, höyüks, or settlement mounds, and tumuli, or burial mounds. The project utilized photographs and standardized forms in the documentation of public and private buildings and areas. Based on this survey, the values of the site and its environs were reassessed, and an action plan presented for all project stakeholders. One of the primary stakeholders is the local population, who must be made aware of the damaging effects of deep ploughing to the tumuli.     

Technical Strategies for Conservation of Earthen Archaeological Architecture

The preservation of earthen architectural heritage is extremely complex due to the diversity of its constituent materials and potentially rapid physical deterioration. Interventions on historic earthen architecture throughout the world have shown very distinct levels of success, but there is no single procedure or combination of conservation procedures that guarantee success. One of the problems is the lack of knowledge about the behaviour of soil as the material component, and its relationships both with other materials, and associated natural and cultural environments. This article analyses some technical considerations that have influenced the preservation of earthen archaeological remains, through critical analysis of the existing bibliographic references from the proceedings of specialized international conferences that have taken place in the last twenty years.     

《中国文物古迹保护准则》在文物建筑保护工程中的应用

近些年来,随着国家相关文物保护政策的完善以及财政投入的不断增加,我国文物建筑的保护取得巨大成绩。但由于理念、管理、专业技术以及执法等方面的相对不适应,文物建筑保护工程在设计、施工和管理中出现了一些问题。本文结合《中国文物古迹保护准则》及相关文物保护的法规政策,对这些问题加以探讨,并提出了一些建设性的意见。     

“融形于境” 丝绸之路保护管理设施的设计追求

<正>2012年起,为了配合历史所"丝绸之路:长安—天山廊道的路网"申遗项目,中国建筑设计研究院一合建筑研究中心参与了丝路路线上新疆北庭故城遗址、高昌故城和交河故城三处申报地点共九项工程的设计工作,目前已完成四项,在建两项。融形于境的设计理念设计的项目定位、选址和基本设计     

Creative preservation: The development of an artistic approach to the preservation and presentation of the past

Abstract

The article proposes “Creative Preservation” as an artistic approach to contemporary questions concerning the preservation and presentation of archaeological sites. By examining critically the role of cultural heritage today, it attempts to search for alternative perspectives and to retrieve forgotten sensibilities such as Diderot's “Poetics of Ruins”. It first examines concepts of time and authenticity, especially in archaeological sites, as interpreted by various authors from Poincare, von Schiller, Bergson and Simmel to Choay and Jokilehto.

Dedicated to immaterial qualities of places, “Creative Preservation” suggests the refinement of “images of authenticity” in an attempt to penetrate and to communicate with deeper levels in the complex reality of ancient places – actual and specific locations which anchor and root memory in material.

A first realization of this approach is presented in the form of the spiral viewpoint recently constructed at the northwest part of the archaeological site of Ramat Rachel near Jerusalem.     

The Research Laboratory for Conservation and Archaeology, Shanghai Meseum

Thelaboratorywasfoundedin1960.Asaresearchinstituteforscientificconservation.itisthefirstoneestablishedinChina.Intherecent30years,ithasdevelopedintoaspecializedagencyinthesciencesofconservationandarchaeology,andactedasaShanghaiTestCenterof相似文献   

聚对二甲苯在文物、图书加固保护中的应用

介绍了新型聚合物保护剂──聚对二甲苯的特性和对文物、图书的加固保护,测定了保护后的加固强度、吸水性、防霉性、防腐性,并进行了加速老化试验。