SALIENT FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEW GESHI SYSTEM

The new system was introduced on the basis of the traditional way of studying the sutras of Tibetan Buddhism. It is a brand-new Geshi award system,which fully respects and carries forward the traditional system in terms of sutra studies and Geshi title promotion. In terms of content, the way to study them and the way the tests are given, the new system basically follows the traditional practice of various sects of Tibetan Buddhism. Hence it is well received among the eminent monks of Tibeta…     

Senior Officials in Tibet Appointed by the Government of the Republic of China： Case Study of Lu Hsing-Chi and Others

After the Qing Dynasty was overthrown by the Revolution of I9II, the newly established government of the Republic of China （ROC） was confronted with a dilemma：the warlords were fighting each other and the foreign imperialists were waiting for opportunities to expand their interests in China. Even so, the new Republic government set out a series of political system reforms. As the most important part of political system, the official system directly reflected the reforms.     

Cooperative Medicare System: A Boon for Farmers And Herders

Amedical system for farmers andherders has always been uppermost in the minds of the CentralGovernment and the people'sgovernment of the Tibet AutonomousRegion. The free medicare system intro-duced in Tibetan farming and pastoral areasby the Central Governmet,and the Provi-sional Methods of the Tibet AutonmousRegion for the Management of FreeMedicare enacted by the people's govern-ment of the Tibet Autonomous Region havecombined to provide a legal guarantee forthe cooperative medicare system in the countryside. Thus far, some 1.5681 million, oralmost three-quarters of the farmers andherders, who make up 80 percent of theTibetan population, have followed the coop-     

From Democracy to Bureaucracy： The Baojia in Nationalist Thought and Practice, 1927-1949

In the 1939 New County Reforms, the Nationalist government made the baojia system the lowest level of self-government in the country. This decision was the result of more than ten years of discussion among Nationalist administrators and writers who were searching for a tutelary system to train the people in their political rights in preparation for constitutional rule. In the 1920s and 1930s, Nationalist writers claimed to be following Sun Zhongshan＇s （Sun Yat-sen） philosophy by reinventing the baojia as a form of democracy. Harkening back to a reimagined national past, they ＂discovered＂ that the imperial baojia was not a system of local control, but a traditional model of bureaucratically-designed local self-government. Nationalist writers dovetailed this new baojia with Sun Zhongshan＇s philosophy in order to rationalize its position as the foundation of the Three Principles of the People State. Once philosophically legitimized, Nationalist writers endorsed the baojia as a top-down bureaucratic system that would transform the political, social, and economic life of the country; it would become the core political unit of their state-making and nation-building projects. In so doing, the baojia came to represent the Nationalists＇ deeply-held belief in the power of human agency to create state institutions capable of entirely remaking society and transforming the nation.     

Further Understanding of the Local Official Post System of Tibet in the Period of the Republic of China

In the period of the Republic of China, Tibet was in a special historical period of development. The reforms in establishing a Tibetan system for appointment of official positions went through different stages. In the system of the fusion of political and religious affairs, mild reforms were carried out so as to adapt themselves to different social changes and help maintain the situation of Tibet,     

News in Brief

正China Launches System to Check Authenticity of Living Buddhas China launched an online system to check the authenticity of living buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism on Jan.18th,2016.The inquiry system can be found at the official website of the State Administration for Religious Affairs,www.sara.gov.cn and     

I WITNESSED HOW THE SOUL BOY OF THE 10TH PANCHEN ERDENI WAS DETERMINED

In the wee small hours of the morning of September 29, 1995, the ceremony of drawing a lot from the golden urn was held in Jokhang Monastery in Lhasa to determine the reincarnated soul boy of the 10th Panchen Erdeni. Curu Cenang, a famous Tibetan medicine doctor as well as astrologer, chose the auspicious day by studying the ancient Tibetan calendar. The system of drawing a lot from the golden urn originated from Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty. The reincarnation system can be traced…     

唐代官印的初步研究

On the basis of the previous research, the information of the remained official seals were extensively collected. Then the system of the adminstration, the producer, the types and other relevant things of seals were discussed in this article. Eventually the conclusion different was from the others drawn out.     

吐蕃王朝告身制度（英文）

正In historical records,when Princess Wencheng went to Tibet(then a kingdom named Tubo);the king(Songtse'n Gampo) and his officers more than likely thought highly of the Tang court's attire and system of etiquette.The king himself imposed the Gaoshen system upon his subjects,with the system being the primary means for distinguishing rank and class.The general academic consensus is that this was a direct descendant of the Tang court's own way of doing much the same thing,     

NEW BOOKS

A Study of the Political Landscape of Tibet During the Republic of China Considering the Tibetan political landscape in the early stages of the Qing Dynasty in conjunction with an analysis of the structure of the local Tibetan government(oligarchy,the two reincarnation systems:the Dalai system and Panchen system,both the secular and the clerical groups,the Dalai and his regent),Dr.Li Zhinong expounds his views on the relationship between local government and the central government.He comments that under ...     

The Two-level Management System of University and Schoo

With the development of our country’s higher education, the school also presents the great-leap-forward development trend. The previous denotative development has changed into the way of connotative development. The two-level management system of university and school is the most common management mode in many colleges. This paper introduces the advantage of this mode in the objective view, analyzes the problems existing in the practice operation, put forward countermeasures to improve the two-level management and proposes a method to build the two-level management system.     

传统医学体系框架下拉美四国的传统医药和中国藏医药的比较研究(英文)

<正>Introduction Various traditional medicine systems exist throughout the world,and within each culture there are differences regarding the concepts of health,illness,and treatment.Many of the traditional medical systems play an important role within each society and today many types of traditional medicine systems have become more recognized and understood as a legitimate form of health care by the general population,even though biomedicine or Western medicine has become the dominant medical system of contemporary health care.     

Strategic Application of Evaluation Resources——Positive Discourse Analysis toward“UN Secretary-General’s Message for New Year”

This study applies Halliday’s systemic functional grammar,especially the evaluation theory of Martin and Rose,to conduct positive discourse analysis toward“UN Secretary-General’s Message for New Year”from the aspect of context,transitivity,evaluation system and so on.And it discusses how the author of the discourse takes advantage of language resources,especially evaluation system resources,to convey the information clearly in the implied.     

The research of the intangible assets’ influence to listed companies in China

As the development of the social marketing in China,intangible asset has been highly valued.While in China,this step of improving the intangible asset is just beginning.In 2006,the intangible asset was been modified in the new .It is connected with the international accounting system.Therefore,the intangible asset is the essential point in the company’s success.The essay will study through the accounting problems of intangible asset to analysis that the importance of intangible asset in Chinese companies and the problems that companies should take care of.     

藏传佛教道次第概述(英文)

Tibetan Buddhism is well known for its enormous ideological systems, rich cultural contents, unique religious forms and well-organized structures. It is distinctively characterized by the reincarnation system (e.g. reincarnation of a great lama as a child after his death), the politico-religious administration, anuttara-yoga-tantra, a gigantic system of gods and spirits caused by the fusion of Buddhism and the Bon tradition, rich and colorful religious rituals with innumerable names, and many religious sects each having a system of its own. The gradual path to enlightenment is the most fundamental, inherent principal as well as decisive characteristic of Tibetan Buddhism. This is why Tibetan Buddhism attracts modern believers.     

All Urban Workers to Enjoy Medicare

Tibet started to reform its medical insurance system in 1999. Beginning in 2001, workers in Lhasa were given basic medical insurance on a trial basis. Whether workers in other parts of Tibet will enjoy the same system in the near future? With this in mind, reporters with Tibet Business News interviewed Qi Weiguo, Deputy Director of the Labor and Social Securities Commission of the Tibet Autonomous Region.     

西藏农村妇女社会地位变迁分析（英文）

<正>American sociologist Mason defines the women’s social status as a product of social organization system,making the most efficient use of women in the social development is the most important part of the women’s social status.Women also have fully autonomy in a family or social decision even enjoy special privileges.Another saying is that women’s status is an index for the civilization level of a country.It has been 60 years since Tibetan women’s social     

THE CONCEPTS OF “LI(礼)” AND “FA(法)” AS WELL AS THEIR LEGAL EXPRESSION IN ANCIENT CHINA AS SEEN IN THE EXCAVATED QIN AND HAN DOCUMENTS:A DISCUSSION OF THE THEORY OF THE CONFUCIANIZATION OF ANCIENT CHINESE LAW

<正>I.The problem of the relationship of li and fa in ancient Chinese law Because of differences in culture,an independent law system,the Chinese Law System,came into being with its differences from other law systems of the world,which are represented by the Continental Law System(also known as the Code Law System)and Anglo-American Law System(also known as the     

NEW BOOKS

Qing Dynasty Archives On the Dalai lamasThe Dalai Lama was one of the two leaders of the Gelug (Yellow) Sect of Tibetan Buddhism. It won the honorific title of the Dalai lama in 1653 from Qing Emperor Shunzhi, and the Living Buddha had since been following the reincarnation system under the supervision of the Central Government. His soul boy was not legal until he won the confirmation of the Central Government. Whenever there is the need not to go through the set system, Central Government permission is a must.The Dalai Lama also did his best to seek authorization of the Central Government which would therefore issue him certificate of authority and seal of power.All these were recorded in archives, part of which are contained in the book. Its major chapters contain 154 pieces of archives related with certification of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni under the reign of Qing Emperor Shunzhi, the demise of the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni, efforts made to look for their soul boys, selection of th     

Historical Relics and Qing Rule Over Tibet

In October 1720, when the Qing troops had driven the Zungar forces out of Tibet, the Qing court started to reform the govemment system of the region that was geared to control by Tibetans of the upper ruling class.