Agricultural Regionalization

The authors explain the methodology used in compiling a small-scale map of agricultural regions of the USSR under a joint inter-university project. The boundaries of these farming-type regions are found to coincide in some cases with natural boundaries, but such coincidence cannot always be explained in terms of simple causal relationships. These authors make recommendations for improving the locational pattern of agriculture by shifting the agricultural center of gravity from the less humid to the more humid zone and for increasing the role of animal production in the more humid zones. For previous articles on agricultural regionalization, see Soviet Geography, November and December 1960.     

Namling Agricultural Program

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Fast-Track Agricultural Development

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Agricultural Research Policy

Abstract

From Galileo's measurement of time by musical beats at about half-second intervals to modern atomic clocks, progressively more accurate instruments have been developed and are here reviewed. Both the mechanical and the pendulum clock were major advances and led to theories of a clocklike universe in the 17th century. Barrow, Newton and Leibniz treated time as mathematical concepts and in the 19th century time as a linear advancement became accepted as evolutionary biology extended the vision of time to millions of years. In modern physics, Einstein's special relativity introduced 'time dilation', an idea somewhat contrary to our common sense intuition but now supported by abundant empirical evidence.     

福州人的农业面孔

<正>一谈到福建人,我们的头脑中会浮现出商人的形象,长期的海上贸易让福建人被冠以优秀商人的形象。然而从古到今,福建人其实还有一张"农业面孔",他们在农业上所花费的心力,所做出的贡献,丝毫不输于经商。福建人的农业面孔是在福州的八山一水一分田中形成的。田地的稀缺让福州人更加珍惜这一分田,任何可以增产增收的农业技术和农作物,他们都愿意去尝试,都愿意去冒险。这一尝试不要紧,占城稻被他们引进并推广到南方其他地区,古代中国人口一下子冲上了1亿;美洲的甘薯被他们     

发展农业旅游略议

农业旅游作为一种富有特色、深受旅游者欢迎的新兴旅游业态,正越来越受到人们的关注。本文追溯了中外农业旅游发展的进程,分析了农业旅游发展的模式和特点,着重指出近年来我国的农业旅游迅速发展的主客观因素,并对如何开展农业旅游提出对策。     

Cartographic Techniques of Agricultural Regionalization

The use of a series of correlated maps is proposed as an approach to agricultural regionalization. Because of the dynamic character of farm production, two stages in the regionalization process are distinguished: a delimitation of existing agricultural regions and a delimitation of future regions. The basic principle underlying the compilation of agricultural regionalization maps IS to combine the resource base of agriculture with the actual types of farming. Maps of existing regions would also show the volume and structure of farm production, population and farm employment. In the delimitation of long-term future agricultural regions, the emphasis is on determining the potential biological productivity (climate and soils) of regions and the expected volume of production, based on food needs, industrial processing of farm products and the prospects of interregional trade in farm products.     

江苏省农业科学院

该院直属江苏省政府领导,是全省唯一的、综合性的农业科研机构。主要任务是:针对国家和江苏省农村经济与科技发展目标和方向,开展农业应用、农业开发、农业宏观政策研究,同时开展科技示范和科技服务工作,为全省农业和农村经济发展提供成果保证和技术支撑。     

Trends in African Agricultural Trade

Sub-Saharan agriculture, with few exceptions, has stagnated despite official goals of achieving self-sufficiency and increasing export earnings. African agriculture has suffered deteriorating terms of trade, inadequate technology and infrastructure, and policies which severely discourage agricultural enterprise. In some countries structural adjustment and policy reform are occurring, and there remains great potential for agricultural development due in part to prospective advantages in natural resources and abundant labor. Discussed here are a specific set of institutional reforms needed to mobilize agricultural entrepreneurship.     

廖鲁言与农业合作化

廖鲁言作为农村工作主要领导人之一 ,长期在农村工作的第一线主持工作。他根据农村的实际情况 ,探索总结出许多切合实际的经验 ,提出了许多适合中国国情的农业社会主义改造的主张。但毛泽东总认为廖的思想落后于农村及国内政治形势的发展 ,多次批评指责。廖鲁言竭力在中央的指示和农村的现状之间寻找平衡 ,在不违背中央精神的情况下 ,谨慎地执行切合农村实际的政策 ,并为此不懈努力 ,作出了重要贡献。但毛泽东过高估计农民走社会主义道路的积极性、急于改变农村生产关系的合作化政策 ,终于迫使他中断、放弃了正确的探索 ,被卷入“左”倾运动的浪潮。     

Study and Classification of Agricultural Lands

The author discusses three classifications of agricultural lands based on (1) natural properties that affect productivity and serviceability, (2) on need for improvement and responsiveness to it, and (3) on actual use. All three classifications are considered essential for an agricultural evaluation of lands and for determining the relative effectiveness of use methods, actual or planned.     

明代官刻农书与农学知识的传播

明代官刻农书,指的是在明代官员主导或参与下刊刻的农书。初步统计,这一时期官刻农书的数目在51种左右,刊刻次数则约为68次。这些农书在官刻过程中,构筑了从获取到校订再到刊刻与流传的关系网络。通过这一网络,农书得以传播,书中所载的农学知识亦得以散布。一方面,旧有的农学知识与私人的农学经验通过农书的官刻而重现与"公共化";另一方面,官刻农书更加强调有关教化与治理方面农学知识的传播。     

近代欧洲早期农业革命考察

在17、18世纪之际的“农业革命”发生之前,欧洲农业生产就已出现了许多关键性的技术进步,可把16、17世纪的这种进步称为“早期农业革命”,而14、15世纪则可视为早期农业革命的准备阶段。通过对中世纪欧洲农业的低技术起点,14、15世纪的农业技术进步,16、17世纪的早期农业革命等三方面的考察,我们发现欧洲农业技术进步中的连续性特点远超过其突变性。     

章士钊的“农业文明”论

在五四文化论争中,章士钊抛出“农国论”,认为西方国家因工业文明和物质文明之害已经陷入绝境,中国亦深受工业化之害,趋于沦亡;中国必须以农业立国,摒弃工业化和物质文明,恢复知足、节欲、不争的农国精神和传统道德,才能免于亡国之祸,并担负起拯救西方世界的责任。“农国论”是五四时期文化保守主义的又一种形式,是精神文明论的变种,本质上是道德复古主义。     

略论古代希腊农业经济与历法

古代希腊历法的制定紧扣农时。迈锡尼时代的希腊可能就有了阴历;希腊人在世界上首先基于科学知识按阳历规则置闰月。古希腊人没有形成一个比较完整的希腊人的统一国家,因而没有共同的纪元。地方性的纪年让古今历史学家在探究各地区相互关联的事件时,把奥林匹克纪年当成了希腊定年的一个重要标杆。要把古代雅典的日期与公历对应,往往不得不面对来自节日历、议会历和月相的误差。