重考《正音撮要》的版本问题

清代中后期高敬亭的《正音撮要》是目前所见清代最早的正音内容详尽(涵盖语音、词汇、短文等)的正音读本,它具有重要的学术研究价值。关于《正音撮要》的版本问题,前人已有所研究,但因所持材料不同,对版本的认识亦不相同。本文对《正音撮要》的版本进行重新考证,通过对各种版本的比较研究,以见其源流系统和版本校勘价值。     

朱权《太和正音谱》刍议

宁王朱权是明代著名的戏曲理论家。其代表作《太和正音谱》在强调戏曲政治教化功能的同时,还力图提升戏曲在文学史上的地位。该书虽有一些内容承袭前人,但也有较多创新之处,具有较高的研究价值。     

潮剧史上的三次变革与创新

一、潮剧是南戏的活化石萧遥天在1948年撰写《潮州志戏剧音乐志》的时候,在明本潮州戏文尚未出土的条件下,通过考察正音戏、西秦戏、外江戏、秧歌、关戏童、倒掉吹手、傀儡戏、纸影戏、舞狮等戏曲元素的基础上,断定潮剧的前生为正音戏这一正确结论,而正音戏即宋元南戏之遗响,这一研究突破潮剧历史资料只可追溯到清代中叶的局限。     

简论“群英乐府格势”曲评的得失及审美范畴

《太和正音谱》"群英乐府格势"共对98位元明曲家的创作风格作了品评,这些评语大部分切中肯綮,表现了朱权独到的艺术眼光与艺术鉴赏力。这些品评涉及刚健、典雅、绮丽、孤绝等审美范畴,也体现了朱权本人的审美取向。     

从段注看《说文》正篆与重文声符异部变换的原因CSSCI

《说文解字》形声字中正篆与重文声符呈异部变换,是造字者按照不同的读音分别造字所成。根据古音系统归字的需要,在字音规范的过程中,取其中一个字的读音为正音,确定归部,另外一字必然改变原来的读音并随正音归部,那个变读字就会出现古音归部与谐声不合的情况。这种不合造字实际的"失谐"现象不是"音近"谐声。     

《桃花女》中的古俗

《桃花女》杂剧今存脉望馆抄本和《元曲选》本。曹本《录鬼簿》、《录鬼簿续编》、《也是园书目》、《今乐考证》和《曲录》中均作《破阴阳八卦桃花女》,在《太和正音谱》中略作《智赚桃花女》。本剧作为元杂剧并不出名,原因有很多,首先是作者不确定。曹本《录鬼簿》、《元曲选》说是王晔。王晔,字日华,号南斋,     

浅谈正音学习对声乐演唱的重要性

正音就是纠正读音,使学习者通过训练,达到字正腔圆,语气顺畅的将每一个音节带入歌曲演唱中。可以把这个阶段的学习称为朗诵。朗诵比朗读的要求更高,这是学习正音的目的所在。朗诵对于歌唱气息运用大有益处,学习演唱的人在气息上做到了“深、通、活”,有了“深、通、活”的气息支持,也就为演唱打下了一定的基础。朗诵有助于练习共鸣腔体的打开。通过歌唱状态下的朗诵和普通朗诵的比较,调整呼吸、发声、共鸣三者之间的关系,以求达到最佳状态。正音课的初级阶段即朗读,要通过正规的训练纠正读音。在高级阶段即朗诵时,要把握好作品的中心思想,作者的写作意图,控制好音色,以及气息的运用。这也是歌唱时运用气息、共鸣的一个捷径。     

二十六种朝鲜时代汉籍书目解题(下)

三、地方书目 14.《考事撮要·书册市准·册板目录·书册印纸数》鱼叔权、许篈、李植等撰刊本 《考事撮要》原本为鱼叔权所撰,据其自序,此书"以事大交邻为主,而以各种事次之,皆日用寻常之不可阙者也",与中国的《事林广记》、《居家必用》之类作用相当,自"大明纪年"至"八道程途并册板目录"共二十二目.     

中国古亭探源

亭,特指一种有顶无墙的小型建筑物,是供行人停留休息之所。《说文·高部》：“亭,民所安定也。亭有楼,从高省,从丁声。”①《释名·释宫室》：“亭,停也。人所停集也。”②《风俗通义·佚文六》：“谨按,《春秋》《国语》有寓望,谓今亭也,民所安定也。亭有楼,从...     

《陋室铭》与子云亭

子云亭,是纪念西汉著名文学家杨雄（字子云）的建筑物。它的扬名在于刘禹锡的小赋《陋室铭》。《陋室铭》中“南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭”成为股炙人口的名句广为流传后,大凡到西蜀（今四川）的文人雅土,总想观赏久负盛名的子云亭。但是,西蜀之地的子云亭有多处,除绵阳现存子云亭外,史籍记载成都、郸县、健为等地也曾有过子云亭。于是便出现一个问题─—何处才是刘禹锡《陋室铭》中所咏赞的子云亭呢？对于这个问题,多年来一直颇有争议,至今莫衷一是。为此,笔者略抒管见,以就教于方家。（一）禹锡作《陋室铭》之时,西蜀并无子云亭。…     

Telling small stories: spaces of knowledge and the practice of geography

This article examines how the practice of learning geography, and the arenas in which knowledge-making takes place, can be usefully positioned within changing histories of the discipline. It contends that networks of action – understood through the intersection of social sites, subjects and sources – present a conceptual framework and narrative focus for the re-consideration of specific episodes from geography's past. The interventions made here are informed and illustrated by a 'small story' about the doing of geography. Based on different personal accounts, the story revives a series of events, encounters, dialogues and images dating back to the winter of 1951 at Glenmore Lodge, Scotland. This educational institution in the Cairngorm mountains offered children from urban areas the opportunity to learn field studies and the skills of 'outdoor citizenship'. Initially, the focus falls on Margaret Jack, a 14-year-old field-course participant. Her learning experiences are traced through personal letters, a diary and a field journal dating from that time, and her recent recollections of this event. Margaret's account dovetails with the story of her field studies instructor, Robin Murray. Robin's role is traced through his learning experiences as a geography undergraduate at Aberdeen University, and the recent recollections of Catriona Murray, his wife.     

Das Wissen der Schulden. Recht,Kulturtechnik und Alltagserfahrung im liberalen Kapitalismus

The Knowledge of Debt: Law, Media Technique, and Everyday Experience in Liberal Capitalism. Performing an object such as ‘the economy’ hinges on practices of formatting knowledge. The article proposes to look at such instituting moments in connection with social conflicts over the legitimate rules of exchange. This is exemplified by way of recounting the story of the codification of Swiss bankruptcy law in 1889. In order to homogenize the legal procedures of debt collection and bankruptcy, two subject categories were instituted: ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. These different categories were thought to account for the diverging temporalities and spaces of credit exchange in everyday economic life. The introduction of the commercial register, a media-technical apparatus, enabled a formal distinction between ‘merchants’ and ‘non-merchants’. However, this boundary was contested and proved to be porose.     

Two radiocarbon dates for freshwater shells from hierakonpolis: Archaeological and geological interpretations

Shells of two species of freshwater bivalve (Unio willcocksi Bullen Newton and Etheria elliptica Lamarck) from the predynastic Gerzean (Nagada II) Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis, Egypt have given dates of 5000±90 bp for the tomb, and 12,900±120 bp for an episode of Nile terrace accumulation (correlated here with the Sahaba-Darau aggradation event). The archaeological and geological significance of these results is discussed, together with an outline of problems associated with radiocarbon dating of shell. Comparisons are made with the few other radiocarbon dates available for the Predynastic period in Egypt and possible reasons for the presence of shells in the tomb are considered.     

Some chronological implications of a fossil molluscan assemblage from a neolithic site at Brook,Kent, England

The later post-glacial history of a valley in the chalk escarpment near Brook, Kent, is described, based on molluscan stratigraphy, archaeological evidence and radio-carbon dating. Differences in size and colour banding, respectively, of fossil and living representatives of two species of land snails, Pomatias elegans (Müller) and Cepaea nemoralis (L.), are correlated with climatic change during the post-glacial period. The problems of the use of fossil shells of these species as samples for radiocarbon dating are discussed.     

China's Dynamic Industrial Sector: The Internet Industry

A Singapore-based economic geographer explores and analyzes the spatially uneven evolution of the Internet industry in China, arguing that the country's immense regional disparity in the provision of Internet services is best explained by the interplay of place- and path-dependence. The author demonstrates how the highly uneven regional endowments in relevant industrial and entrepreneurial resources have led to the substantial and persistent regional imbalance within China's emerging "new economy." His initial survey of the country's 100 leading Internet content providers (firms), identified from a listing of ca. 11,700 commercial websites, is selectively augmented to reflect an increase of over 70 million Internet users in 2007, reaching a total of 253 million in June 2008, and thus overtaking the United States as the world's largest Internet market. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L10, L86, O30. 6 figures, 1 table, 53 references.     

The 1911 International Exposition in Rome: architecture, archaeology, and national identity

This paper discusses the 1911 International Exposition in Rome and illustrates how this patriotic celebration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Italian Sate utilized symbolic landscapes of architecture and archaeology to promote nationalist sentiments of italianità and romanità centered on the young capital of Rome. Through modern art exhibitions at the Valle Giulia, scientific conferences at the Castel Sant’Angelo, archaeological exhibits on the Roman Empire in the Baths of Diocletian, and regional Italian pavilions in the Piazza d’Armi, exposition officials offered a complex representation of Italian national identity that was modern yet ancient, cosmopolitan yet bucolic, European yet regional, and imperial yet developing.     

The Rise and Fall of Alexander the Great – The Need for Medical Analysis: Reply to Commentaries

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. By elucidating the nature of his death, we can better interpret various aspects of Alexandrian history. Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome. It would therefore be of significance to note that one of the greatest leaders in history who conquered much of the then known world may have been suffering from a physical disability.     

Hospital Drama: Visual Theatres of the Medical Rendezvous from Asylum to Hospital with Reference to Specific Works by Anna Furse

Abstract

This paper is informed by Furse’s practice as a theatre maker in two fields of output that are connected by two factors: first, the presence of the woman patient — hysteric/subfertile respectively — within the clinical gaze; second, the significance of the womb to each pathology. In the treatment of each (explored in Furse’s theatre), lens based technologies play their part, whilst the cultural and medical can be seen to have overlapped to produce specific meaning with regard to Her body and its spectacularity. The article presents an overview of some of the key issues in precisely how the woman’s body becomes spectacular within this prosthetic medical gaze and how the medical — and theatrically designed spaces to represent these — become meaningful and potent proxemics that in turn inform medical/ theatrical spectatorship. Overarching nineteenth-century protocols at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris (where Furse’s Augustine (Big Hysteria) is set) to contemporary imaging technologies used in the treatment of subfertility with Assisted Reproduction Technologies (the topic of her Art of A.R.T. projects), it examines the way in which photography develops through cinema to X-Ray, ultrasound and then 3D/4D ultrasound to ‘capture’ the woman’s body in ways by which she becomes muted and exposed. These occular technologies that extend the gaze, first to an exterior subject and then, eventually, traversing the flesh without knife, lend specific performativity to the ‘patient’ women, within the context of hysterias and reproductive impairments respectively. Finally, issues of suspension of disbelief are addressed. The spectator’s faith in the screen-based image of Her spectacular body is interrupted in Furse’s work, which is also keenly interested in the effect of such imagery on the woman’s sense of Self. The historical and cultural leaps in this article argue that there is indeed a trajectory through the history of medical imaging since the first application of photography to anatomy to the more advanced scoping technologies of medical imaging today, and that in each era, the production of these images remain fraught with cultural implications.     

The Death of Alexander the Great – A Spinal Twist of Fate

Alexander the Great died in 323 B.C. from an unknown cause. Physical depictions of this historical figure reveal the likelihood of a cervical scoliotic deformity. This is substantiated with the medical history and is correlated with his untimely death. For the first time, it is concluded that Alexander’s death may have ensued from the sequelae of a congenital scoliotic syndrome.