黑龙江冰雪丝绸之路(连载五)

<正>鹰猎文化简述。在松花江、黑龙江流域,一般意义的鹰猎指的是利用海东青捕猎。海东青文化起源于唐代甚至更早。《本草纲目》中记载:"雕出辽东,最俊者谓之海东青。"唐以后,海东青成为黑龙江地区满族先民向中原王朝进贡的主要品种之一。《契     

女真不是“东方鹰”

<正>金代的女真也称为"朱里真",这个族称与名鹰海东青在语义上有关吗?常见到现在一些研究金代史志的文章,将女真人比作海东青这个"东方之鹰",以彰显其人以小博大的进击精神。有的论者甚至提出,女真的称号即是"东方之鹰"的意思。对比,笔者认为,女真之号与海东青毫无关系,语义也不相同。持女真、海东青语义相同论者依据《三朝北盟会编》载文:"女真本名朱里真,番语(指契丹)讹为女真"的记述,提     

鹰猎文化嬗变

鹰猎文化属于极具特色的民俗,历史上不仅可以为人们提供食物来源,也是可供娱乐的活动。然而,鹰猎文化在历史上的地位也随着时代的不同逐渐变化,这一点在史书记载中可见一斑。特别是辽代之后,随着少数民族政权逐渐入主中原,鹰猎甚至有了一定的政治色彩。在如今的吉林省仍有满族鹰猎文化的完整保留地。本文意在通过对古文献中提及鹰猎的记载,对鹰猎文化进行一定程度的分期,并归纳整理出鹰猎文化特别是传承至今鹰猎文化的嬗变。     

关于海东青

“海东青”又叫白尾海雕。《本草纲目》中记载:“雕出辽东,最俊者谓之海东青。”海东青可驯养,虽然“海东青大仅如鹊”’(见《燕山丛录》)可是十分凶猛,可捕天鹅和小兽。因此,辽金时,“国主”每年春天必来北京延芳淀弋猎。这“延芳淀”在北京东南,通州与漷县之间,淀“方数百里”淀中生长荷花和菱角,鱼虾丰饶,水草繁茂,是水鸟群集栖息之地。因此成为春猎的好地方,当时把此淀划为禁区,“国主、皇族、群臣,各有分地”(见《辽史》)据《日下旧闻考》转载     

看了鹰捉兔,庄稼买卖没心做——临夏鹰猎活动今昔

正鹰猎不仅是一种原生态的狩猎方式,更是一种弥足珍贵的历史文化遗产,目前,仅在哈萨克、塔吉克、柯尔克孜、蒙古、纳西、回族等少数民族中保留着鹰猎的传统。同为非物质文化遗产的鹰猎活动,各个民族的驯养和鹰猎方式却有着很大的差异,并各具特色。临夏地区的鹰猎活动广泛流传于回、东乡、保安、撒拉族群众中,是集捕猎、强身健体为一体的民间娱乐活动,它不仅能使人心情愉悦,更能体现勇气、决     

满族民歌《阿玛有只小角鹰》

满族民歌《阿玛有只小角鹰》海东青是辽东特产猛禽,满族猎人得力助手,因其珍贵难得,故满族统治者多出重金抢购,捕捉海东青人,往往一夜间暴富。吉林地区的一首民歌《阿玛有只小角鹰》就是以此为题材的：拉特哈（满语,鹞）,大老鹰／阿玛（满语,父亲）有只小角鹰／白...     

飞翔的图腾——海东青

<正>像一道闪电,照亮一个民族的心灵;像一股旋风,将世代向上的精神催生;像一个使者,让历史与未来血脉相通!它,就是"万鹰之神"、满族先祖女真的图腾——海东青。"海东青",又名海青。是一种猎鹰,体长52-63厘米、体重1310-2100克,属中型猛禽科。飞放时,它搏扶摇羊角而上,直入云际,在空中飞行发现猎物后,迅速将两翅一收,急速俯冲而下,就像投射出去的一支飞镖,径直的冲向猎物。能捕得天鹅的头鹅。女真称为"东方之鹰",意思是从鲸海(日本     

永宁寺碑新考(上)

<正>在黑龙江邮驿史研究领域,人们普遍认为,永宁寺碑是松花江、黑龙江中下游古代"鹰路"驿路(即《全辽志》记载的"海西东水陆城站",以名鹰"海东青"得名)最有说服力的实物见证。永宁寺碑碑文记载:"卜奴儿干西,有站满泾,站之左,山高而秀丽。先是,已建观音堂于其上,今造寺塑佛,形式     

驯鹰人家

一千多年前,我国人民就有了驯鹰狩猎的习俗。唐代诗人王维《观猎》中的“草枯鹰眼疾,雪尽马蹄轻”,崔颢《古游侠呈军中诸将》中的“地迥鹰犬疾,草深狐兔肥”等诗句,便是对鹰猎场面的精彩描绘。如今,驯鹰狩猎的习俗已属罕见。不     

嘉峪关魏晋墓鹰猎砖画考

嘉峪关魏晋墓的彩绘砖画鹰猎图真实再现了河西地区当时的物质生产活动,对研究魏晋时期河西地区人们的狩猎方法提供了珍贵的图像资料。本文运用考古发现与文献资料对嘉峪关魏晋墓砖画中的鹰猎图进行了分析和探讨。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.