清季俄罗斯文馆延聘俄人教习研究

在俄罗斯文馆存在的一个半世纪里,先后有多名俄人担任教习之职。康熙年间,文馆教习由俄国商队成员、降人及后裔充任,教习队伍不稳定,语言水平也不高。从雍正初期起,文馆开始延聘俄国东正教驻北京传教士团成员担任教习,其中罗索欣、弗拉德金和列昂季耶夫与满人富勒赫合作编写出中国第一本俄语教科书。自道光年间起,有4位传教士团领班被俄罗斯文馆聘为教习,但由于鸦片战争爆发后中俄关系的实质已经由以往的平等交往转向了俄国伙同西方列强对中国进行瓜分,他们并未发挥出"协同教授"的作用,更多时候是将在文馆兼职作为为俄国政府探听清廷内情的机会或手段。     

俄国东正教驻北京传教士团与清代中俄图书交流

俄国东正教驻北京传教士团是清代中俄文化交流的主要中介,其中也包括图书交流。本文以中俄文献为基础,探讨了俄国传教士团成员在俄国中国典籍收藏以及在传教士团图书馆创建过程中的作用,并试图澄清有关道光年间中俄政府大规模互赠图书的历史真相。     

Prospects for the Disintegration of the Russian Federation

The author examines a series of sociocultural, ethnographic, and socioeconomic indices for the Russian Federation's constituent ethnic-based territorial units to assess prospects for the country's disintegration along ethnoterritorial lines. The sociocultural indices feature measures of linguistic russification, intermarriage, and assimilation; the ethnodemographic ones, measures of relative demographic weight; and the socioeconomic ones, various measures of urbanization, education, and occupational status. Dimensions of a “North-South” divide with respect to national consciousness, resistance to assimilation, and desire for independence/autonomy are investigated. 1 table, 19 references.     

Perspectives on the Potential of Russian Oil

A prominent American specialist on the economy of the former USSR comments on Russian oil in light of a preceding paper on the subject. Noting the congruence of Russia's economic growth with world oil prices, the author points out that the country's growth is endangered by sharp declines in those prices. He also recalls how an oil windfall shaped Russian thinking in the 1970s, questions how long Russia can pump oil at its maximum level by invoking the American experience from 1859 through the peak in 1970 until the present, analyzes the two corporate models in the Russian oil sector, and briefly outlines Putin's new approach to foreign investment in the sector. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L71, O13, O18. 3 figures, 8 references.     

论俄罗斯社会转型的特殊性

18世纪以来俄罗斯社会转型的特殊性与俄罗斯国家结构的特殊性密切相关。俄罗斯的国家定位始终处在两种结构性矛盾复合联动所导致的困境中。内部性矛盾 (国家与社会 )和外部性矛盾 (国家与世界 )的特殊结构是俄罗斯历史形成的政治文明形态及其所处的地缘政治形态的产物。     

The Feasibility of Teaching Scientific and Technical Russian without the Prerequisite of a General Russian Language Course

The plot of the short novel La mano en la trampa (Beatriz Guido, 1961) is about a young woman who becomes a heroine while trying to find out the truth about a family secret known as “El Opa.” Her work as a spy needs to be done in complete secrecy. Her family is behind her and she needs to escape from censorship. Her family story is similar to Argentina's context at that time when many people had to avoid the control and excessive power of Peron's government. Everything seems to be double in this novel: spaces, characters, life stories, ghosts, vampires, haunting and repressive atmospheres. All of these elements contribute to the gothic spirit in La mano en la trampa that I explore in this article.     

Privatisation of Russian industry

Privatisation is the final, and perhaps structurally most demanding, leg of the shock therapy sequence introduced to Russia at the beginning of 1992. It has been pursued with dogged determination, although the general approach and specific procedures have changed considerably over time. This article surveys the relevant decrees and legislation and summarises the approach eventually adopted: a mixture of workforce ownership, citizens’ ‘vouchers’ and ‘sell to the highest bidder’. Taking workforce ownership and management control as currently the most common outcome of privatisation, the implications for Russian industrial performance are examined, using the Western corporate governance literature as a guide.     

水的艺术——俄罗斯喷泉

正上午10点,随着一曲激昂的交响乐,圣彼得堡夏宫里的100多支喷泉瞬间冲天而起,水花飞溅,雨雾迷蒙,喷泉两侧的镀金雕像,在片片光影中,或明或暗,栩栩如生。跌落的泉水沿着大理石阶梯,形成两道瀑布,瀑布下方,一座3米高的大力士勇斗雄狮的雕像伫立水中,被大力士掰开的雄狮口中吐出20多米高的水柱……     

俄国历史上的神秘主义

所谓神秘主义就是那些不从科学考察和严密的逻辑推理,而是从不可言传的神秘途径得出结论的信仰或思想。它主张人同神或超自然的力量在精神上直接交往,以便从中领悟世界各种事物的奥秘,解决现实世界的难题。在十月革命前的俄国,神秘主义大行其道,已深深地渗入俄国的传统化中。不过,它不是俄国传统化中的精华,而是糟粕,是阻碍俄国社会进步的惰性力量。