伪满建国初期的建筑文化变迁——以《满洲建筑杂志》为中心

伪满洲国时期东北地区修建了大批建筑,这些建筑的设计、选材、风格等都与以往的建筑有所不同。通过《满洲建筑杂志》的诸多文章可以看出,伪满洲国初期的建筑在建筑样式、建筑工艺、建筑结构和建筑功能等方面都发生明显的变化,形成了新的建筑文化。     

高句丽大型建筑址试论--从青石岭山城二号建筑址谈起

高句丽大型建筑址主要见于桓仁、集安和平壤地区,大型建筑依其性质和用途可以分为宫殿建筑、官署建筑、祭祀建筑和佛寺建筑四类。根据其设计理念、建筑技术和建筑材料等可以将高句丽大型建筑的发展分为三个阶段。青石岭山城二号建筑址的发掘及大型建筑址的确认为我们提供了高句丽大型建筑可能存在的一种规制,即大型建筑位于经过修整的四个(或几个)台地之上,这也正是青石岭山城二号建筑址及青石岭山城大型建筑址发现的重要意义。     

古建筑保护理念浅析

古建筑是古代人们为居住生存或其他意图所建造的构筑物。原始社会,建筑主要用于居住。阶级社会诞生后,随着生产力的提高,意识形态的变化,建筑的用途日益增多和广泛。几千年漫长的奴隶社会和封建社会,使建筑的分类越来越复杂,功用越来越多。柴泽俊先生根据功用将古建筑归纳为13类（《柴泽俊古建筑集》）,即宫廷府第、防御建筑、纪念性和点缀性建筑、陵墓建筑、园囿建筑、祭祀性建筑、桥梁及水利建筑、民居建筑、娱建筑、宗教建筑、社交建筑、商业建筑、生产性建筑等。每种又可细分为若干类。分类虽繁杂,但木构建筑一直是中国古建筑发展中的主流,亦即是体现中国传统建筑区别于西方建筑的最大不同所在。     

拉卜楞寺建筑艺术研究

拉卜楞寺自1709年创建以来,经过300多年的发展和修建,形成了独特的空间布局形态,其所属108座寺院遍布甘肃、青海等六省区。建筑类型丰富多样,有学院、佛殿、佛塔、活佛囊欠、普通僧舍、藏经楼、转经廊等。建筑艺术和风格独具特色,有藏式建筑、汉式建筑、汉藏结合式建筑等。建筑制度和工艺技术是本区藏传佛教建筑的集大成者,从墙体砌筑、梁架布局、空间处理、屋面防水、油饰彩绘等诸多方面体现了藏族传统建筑艺术的最高成就,也体现了拉卜楞寺各建筑严格的等级制度。     

汉代住宅建筑艺术浅谈

汉代建筑作为中国建筑史上的第一座高峰,虽然地面建筑实物毁灭殆尽,但通过幸存的汉代崖墓、石阙、石室等少数地面建筑石造遗例,以及大量遗存的汉代建筑明器、画像砖、画像石等建筑图像,犹如看到汉代建筑实物。住宅是建筑体系中最基本的建筑类型,是一切建筑的原型,对研究汉代建筑艺术具有较为全面的代表性。     

浅谈甘肃省康县谈家大院古民居建筑特色

谈家大院是甘肃省康县现存较早、保存较为完整的四合院民居建筑,也是甘肃省保存较少的穿斗式结构建筑之一。它是一座集建筑、雕刻、文化于一体,内涵较为丰富的建筑,也是康县民居建筑的典型代表,具有很高的艺术和研究价值,是十分珍贵的历史文化遗产。该建筑深受四川民居建筑的影响,对研究陇南地区与四川建筑的相互关系和影响具有重要的参考价值。     

试论西汉高等级墓葬的柱洞遗迹

目前所见西汉时期高等级墓葬中有多种类型的柱洞遗迹,可以分为入葬前临时建筑遗迹、入葬时临时建筑遗迹、墓葬设施构件遗迹、修建墓道工程遗迹、陵园中寝庙类建筑构件遗迹等几类。其中,入葬时临时建筑遗迹又可以分为覆盖整个墓葬的临时建筑和仅覆盖墓道区域的临时建筑。根据分析,覆盖墓道区域的临时建筑与横穴形制墓外墓道的石砌涵洞式建筑具有一致性。结合墓主身份看,这类墓道内建筑的使用存在规律性。由此推断,这类建筑的使用应该被视为西汉时期高等级群体丧葬实践的一种等级表现。     

泰宁杉阳明代建筑群属性探析

泰宁县现存的明代建筑群,总面积数万平方米,其平面布局、空间形态、建筑结构、装修装饰、文化特色等在福建民居中独树一帜。长期以来,这些建筑形态被人们误认为徽派建筑体系。本文试图从历史文献、营造特点、构建技艺、建筑细节等方面进行对比分析,确定这些建筑为“杉阳建筑”,从而揭示泰宁明代建筑群真实的文化内涵。     

浅谈建筑艺术的审美性

建筑是跨越了技术和艺术的一门实用艺术,建筑艺术利用美的规律,运用建筑艺术独特的语言和审美观念,使建筑艺术有机的将建筑形象的审美性和观念、应用、文化结合起来,真正的体现建筑艺术的文化价值、审美价值、形式美,以及民族性和时代感。     

徐州汉画像石中的建筑图赏析

汉代建筑的图像资料主要来自汉代绘画、雕塑和建筑模型等。汉画像石(砖)、汉代壁画以二维的表现形式,展现汉代建筑的平面空间,陶器建筑模型以三维立体的表现形式,展示建筑的立体空间,二者形象地再现了汉代建筑艺术的基本特征、建筑群组布局及室内布置等,结合文献记载,可以为复原展示汉代辉煌的建筑文化,提供更为可信的图像资料。     

Advances in Morphometrics in Archaeobotany

ABSTRACT

Morphometric analysis offers an alternative or augmentation to traditional archaeobotanical methods to address differences within and between plant species and their remains, refining and enhancing taxonomic resolution. Morphometrics, the measurement of size and shape, and the multivariate statistical analysis of generated quantitative variables, have long played a major role in biological research, including plant taxonomy and systematics, although its application in archaeobotany is relatively recent. Over the last few decades, there has been an increasing interest in the use of morphometrics for analysing a varied range of archaeological plant materials (mainly seeds, pollen, phytoliths, and starch grains). In particular, morphometrics have contributed to the study of the domestication and spread of many cereals world-wide, as well as that of other taxa including legumes, underground storage organs (USO), and fruits (such as olives, grapes, and dates). This paper reviews current methodologies, recent applications, and advances in the use of morphometrics in archaeobotanical research, discusses its role in exploring major research questions, and suggests possible future directions for its use.     

杏开二月

已经是二月仲春了,大地柔软,天气慢慢热起来了。一场习习的春雨,浇得人心头酥酥的。我第一次注意到,家门前的杏树开了。枝干上,星星点点,挑着几朵白,轻盈得很,把薄薄的心打开,驻足美的枝头,观赏人间烟火。背后是灰灰的庭院,低矮的     

Geography in Higher Education in Australia

Within the last 30 years, geographical information systems (GIS) have been used increasingly in the training of geographers. On the basis of the philosophy of technology and instrumental genesis, we sketch how the use of instruments interacts with learning processes and outline how this can be studied. We empirically analyse students' learning processes and the influences of teaching practice in an introductory course in GIS. We show that students have different strategies for creating their personal instrument for spatial thinking and how teaching interacts with the students' learning processes. Finally, we discuss how GIS may gradually alter future professional development of geographers.     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Tibetan-Inhabited Area in Deqen in Development

Deqen, honored as “Shangri La”,is located in the area where three rivers meet to form one in the Henduan Mountains straddling the borders of Yunnan, Sichuan and Tibet. The Deqen Tibetan Ethnic Group Autonomous Prefecture, founded in September 1957, is the only Tibetan autonomous prefecture in Yunnan Province but one of 10 in the