THE ENVIRONMENTAL STABILITY OF ANCIENT CERAMICS

A series of corrosion experiments was carried out using identical samples of a ceramic of known composition, structure and density which were subjected to a variety of simulated soil solutions. The action of the solutions was monitored by measuring their pH as a function of time at 25 °C and 90 °C. Under all conditions the pH stabilized rapidly. Microscopic and electron microscopic studies showed the presence of reaction/alteration products that would account for the observed pH changes. The findings indicate that ancient ceramics that exhibit no physical deterioration will have below their surface a composition corresponding to the composition of the sherd at the time of its burial.     

中国古代斧钺制度的初步研究

In ancient China,there were well-developed battle-axes and a strict institution of their use,which became a clear reflection of her originality among the world civilizations of antiquity.These weapons not only played the role of morphologically deriving the character Wang 王,but also deeply went into the ritual of political life.Systematic researches on related archaeological data from prehistoric times,the Shang and Zhou periods and later historical ages and comparative studies of them with literal records ...     

旅游产业集群的企业网络属性研究——以平遥古城为例

由于旅游产业的特殊性,旅游产业集群内旅游企业间关系和合作并不是建立在投入-产出的物质联系上,旅游产业集群的企业网络也就有不同于制造业集群的属性和特征。根据四种划分标准可以将旅游产业集群的企业网络分为四种不同的类型;根据对平遥古城的调查和利用社会网络分析方法对数据分析发现,以沟通联系和非正式合作为主要内容的非正式网络为主;位于网络中心位置的主要是旅游核心部门或具有一定行业地位的企业;旅游企业本地网络的范围和结网对象与地理空间及个人关系相关;旅游产业集群的企业网络具有本地化网络对集群创新和竞争力提升有重要影响。     

ANALYSIS OF BONE FROM THE BRONZE AGE SITE BOVENKARSPEL-HET VALKJE,THE NETHERLANDS: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Bones from a Bronze Age settlement in a low-lying area in The Netherlands were analysed for their content of strontium and certain other elements. Low strontium concentrations in the human bones indicate that part of the diet consisted of animal products. Milk and dairy products were probably also incorporated in the diet. This would have had a marked effect on the Sr/Ca ratio of the total diet and on the strontium content of human bones. Anomalous mean strontium concentrations for the animal species are tentatively explained in relation to the specific environment of the settlement. Different pasturing practices for cattle and sheep/goat respectively are possibly reflected by the strontium content of their bones.     

A MULTIVARIATE METRICAL STUDY OF CERAMICS MADE BY THREE POTTERS

The probability that similarly shaped ceramics by different potters will show individual characteristics is tested on control samples by multivariate metrical analysis and demonstrated. The method of analysis could profitably be applied to kiln-site material of any culture where it might give some estimate of the size of the workshop involved, or to large samples of any "identical' hand-made ceramicS.     

THE TECHNOLOGY OF GLAZED ISLAMIC CERAMICS USING DATA COLLECTED BY THE LATE ALEXANDER KACZMARCZYK

During the 1980s, the late Alexander Kaczmarczyk undertook the analysis of some 1200 glazed Islamic ceramics from Egypt, Iran, Iraq and Syria spanning the period from the eighth to the 14th centuries ad , using a combination of XRF for the glazes, and AAS or PIXE for the bodies. The aim of the present paper is, first, to bring to the attention of researchers into Islamic ceramics the fact that these analytical data are available on the Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art website, and also that some 400 of the analysed sherds are held in the Research Laboratory. Second, the paper provides a preliminary interpretation of the analytical data in terms of the choice of glaze type (i.e., alkali–lime, lead–alkali and high‐lead), tin‐opacification, body type (i.e., quartz or stonepaste, calcareous clay, and non‐calcareous clay), and colorants.     

MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF QUARTZ-TEMPERED CERAMICS: PART II,HERTZIAN STRENGTH,WEAR RESISTANCE AND APPLICATIONS TO ANCIENT CERAMICS*

Mechanical performance of ceramics can be measured by various techniques. Conventional testing usually requires multiple samples of large size and specific geometries and for this reason cannot be usually applied directly to ancient pottery. However, Hertzian strength and wear resistance can be measured on the same specimen, of small size, and it is shown that these tests can describe, to a good approximation, the basic ceramic mechanical propertics (strength and toughness). Therefore, these tests are proposed for use on archaeological specimens. An application on Punic amphorae found in Corinth is presented.     

秘鲁时间的迷城

秘鲁,是野生动物的天堂,鸬鹚、火烈乌、鲣乌、鹈鹕、海鸥、仿佛是色彩魔方里的一块块拼图,用鲜艳的羽毛讲述着绚丽的自然之谜,而数以万计、不同种类的动物在这谜一般的土地上生息繁衍,谜一般地和睦共处了千万年。     

PRELIMINARY REPORT ON A SURVEY IN THE HAZIMAH PLAINS: A HAMAD LANDSCAPE IN NORTH-EASTERN JORDAN

Abstract

In June 2013, an archaeological survey was carried out in the Hazimah plains, situated in the Jebel Qurma region of north-eastern Jordan. These plains surround the so-called Black Desert or harra, which has been known to contain an extremely rich archaeological and epigraphic record. In contrast to the harra, little is known about the archaeology of the surrounding hamad landscapes, and the survey presented in this paper aims to contribute to filling in this gap of knowledge. Initially, the survey aims to investigate the long-term history of settlement and land-use of this seemingly hostile environment, and, at the same time, seeks out an efficient methodology for locating the remains of the largely mobile communities that inhabited the Hazimah plains in the past.     

大鹏所城 深圳罕见的古城

深圳,这座只有30年历史的年轻城市,在谈及它的文化的时候,人们往往会忘记它历史的厚重。然而在深圳东部的大鹏半岛,有一座古城堡在用它的沧桑诉说着深圳的过去,它就是——大鹏所城。     

萧梁钱范原料的矿物组成及其处理技术初探

一、引言通过大量的实物观摩和资料调研 ,我们发现萧梁铸钱工艺思想之先进 ,钱范的设计、布局之合理 ,钱范的制作水平之高 ,体现了高超的工艺水平和丰富的科学内涵。萧梁钱币叠铸工艺思想先进且技术上也存在相当大的难度 ,这就说明 ,萧梁钱范如果不具备一定的优良性能 ,是不可能满足萧梁钱币叠铸的复杂工艺的。按照现代铸造学和造型材料的理论 ,并且参考有关学者对古代陶范研究的成果①②③ ,可知萧梁钱范应具有下列基本性能 :1 可塑性、复印性、脱模性良好 ;2 足够高的干湿强度和干硬度 ;3 足够高的耐火度和化学稳定性 ;4 收缩 -膨胀率…