西夏时期的瓜、沙二州

公元1036年，西夏攻陷瓜（今甘肃瓜州县）、沙（今甘肃敦煌县）二州，瓜、沙二州开始隶属西夏统治。瓜、沙二州在西夏统治的191年期间，经济社会发展境况如何，历史文献鲜有记载。本文尝试从敦煌莫高窟和瓜州榆林窟西夏佛事活动的一些痕迹，同时结合史料来探讨瓜、沙二州在西夏统治时期的情况，以补文献之不足。     

玉泉营西夏墓群初探

立国于宁夏的西夏王朝,给后人留下了太多的谜,当我们留连于西夏王陵,感叹西夏皇帝陵墓的独特与神秘时,我们更多地想知道西夏时期的社会、文化、生活状况等。宁夏青铜峡玉泉营西夏墓的发掘,给我们展示了西夏贵族或平民墓葬的型制、丧葬特征以及他们的葬俗等和西夏王陵有着相似与不同之处。为我们研究和了解西夏时期的埋葬习俗和生活状况打开了一扇窗户。     

2007年辽、西夏、金、蒙元货币研究综述

2007年辽、西夏、金、蒙元货币研究取得了显著成果,成为该时期史学研究的重要组成部分。为推动这一领域的研究逐步走向深入,兹做梳理分别叙述如下。     

西夏时期敦煌史研究述评

西夏时期敦煌史属于敦煌学与西夏学的交叉研究领域,目前学术界在这一领域进行了较多的研究,并取得颇多成果。但研究成果多集中于西夏何时实际统治敦煌、敦煌石窟中西夏艺术的分期与断代两方面,对于西夏统治时期敦煌的社会、经济、文化的研究则较为薄弱,并缺乏系统性。本文从西夏实际统治敦煌时间,西夏统治时期敦煌的社会、经济与文化两大方面进行回顾与梳理,总结研究中存在的问题和不足,并提出今后研究的展望。     

关于西夏初期丝绸之路是否畅通的初探

历史悠久,享誉世界的丝绸之路在历史上是联系东西方的纽带,在中东西方交流上具有重要的地位;由于唐朝的灭亡,古丝绸之路一度中断。由于年代久远,所存资料极少,人们长期以来认为西夏时期陆上丝路贸易几乎完全中断的。而黑水城西夏文献得出土,经过整理之后发现了极为重要的西夏法典——《天盛律令》。《天盛律令》中记载了大量有关西域各国和西夏商贸往来的史料,这为我们研究西夏时期丝路情况提供了大量材料,使人们以往对西夏时期陆上丝路贸易有了全新的认识。故本文对西夏初期期丝绸之路是否畅通进行一下简单的探讨,其对西夏商业的研究而且对西夏史和中外关系史的研究都具有一定的意义。     

莫高窟第464窟首次重修年代再探

莫高窟第464窟原是北朝时期开凿的多室禅窟,后经两个不同时期的改造而成为礼佛窟。关于该窟首次重修的年代问题,目前学界有西夏前期、西夏中后期和元代初期三种不同观点。第464窟后室壁画为首次重修时所绘。本文通过该窟后室壁画中所呈现的多种西夏时期艺术特征认为其绘于西夏时期。经研究,前室素壁现存的两则汉文题记书写于壁画绘制之前,其书写年代上限为1118年,可进一步将其首次重修年代确定为西夏中晚期。     

元代杭州刊刻《大藏经》与西夏的关系

蒙元时期的统治者,虽然消灭了西夏王国,但是对西夏的上层人士及西夏的僧人仍有相当宽容的民族政策,彼时原西夏王朝辖地被划为西夏中兴行中书省,宁夏路总管府,后并入甘肃行中书省.     

礼尚往来——宋、辽、金、西夏之间的遗留礼研究

遗留礼是宋朝在礼制上的一个开创之举。两宋期间,在宋朝的影响下,辽、金、西夏皆有向周边政权馈赠大行皇帝、皇太后或国主、国主母遗留物的行为,并逐渐制度化后形成遗留礼。遗留礼作为这一时期交聘制度中的构成部分,是宋、辽、金、西夏不同时期战和关系的一种具体表现,同时这种往来在一定程度上对建立和维系彼此之间友好往来具有积极作用。     

试论武威在西夏王朝的历史地位

武戚是西夏时期的陪都,是保障西夏京畿地区的西部门户,是西夏的军需民用物资的供给后方,也是西夏西部的政治、经济、文化巾心,还是重要的交通枢纽和中转站。本文对武威在西夏王朝兴亡中的历史地位进行了探讨。     

西夏时期的佛教寺院

本文利用新译出的资料对西夏时期的45个寺院名称进行了译释,认为西夏时期的寺院主要有官寺及家寺,家寺主要有皇家寺院及高僧大德所设立的私家寺院,官寺主要为帝王或国家举办全国性佛事活动佛教法会,西夏时期的官寺享有特权,并且规模浩大。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.