The Heele Stone

The cancioneiro (song-collection) of São João (St John) is one of the richest manifestations of Portuguese popular culture. In this article, we review the principal bibliography—song collections and studies—devoted to the saint in popular (both traditional and non-traditional) or pseudo-popular song. We examine the symbolic and ethnographic importance of São João in the collective imagery, taking into account the relationship between literary representation and the anthropological and cultural aspects of this festivity.     

七叶树果实的食用习俗与石锤及石砧

本文译自桥口尚武《食の民俗考古学》第四章。该书详细描述了日本人民如何利用海洋和陆地各种食物资源的方法。本章则集中介绍了七叶树和日本各地以七叶树果实为食物的历史、七叶树果实的加工方法及与加工相关的石锤、石砧的类型和特征等等。以橡子为代表的坚果曾经是中国史前许多地区的食物,河姆渡、田螺山等遗址出土过不少橡子,但我们对它们的加工方法和食用方法,它们在史前人类生活中的作用等等,均无深入研究。因此,要做到这一点,除了考古学的各种观察和分析,民俗学和实验考古学的研究就变得非常重要。尽管本文介绍的不是橡子,而是我们不很熟悉的七叶树果实,但是两者之间存在诸多共性,本文介绍的七叶树果实的去壳、去涩和加工成入口食物的方式,对于我们了解作为食物的橡子的加工处理过程有很大帮助,对于从考古上如何辨认与橡子加工有关的遗迹、遗物,进而认识坚果在新石器时代早中期人类经济生活中的作用也深有助益。     

雄震三秦红石峡

<正>红石峡红岩对峙、杨柳成荫,长城穿峡而过,榆溪河奔腾不息,被称为"万里长城第一胜景"。因为工作的原因,我从遥远的新疆来到地处毛乌素沙地边缘的内蒙古乌审旗——一座高楼林立、车水马龙的新型草原城市。毛乌素沙地美景我已经习以为常,但距离     

Land,Stone, Trees,Identity, Ambition: the Building Blocks of Brochs

Brochs are impressive stone roundhouses unique to Iron Age Scotland. This paper introduces a new perspective developed from architectural analysis and drawing on new survey, fieldwork and analogies from anthropology and social history. The study of architectural design and constructional detail exposes fewer competitive elements than previously anticipated. Instead, attempts to emulate, share and communicate identities can be detected. The architectural language of the broch allows complex layers of individual preferences, local and regional traditions, and supra-regional communications to be expressed in a single house design. The proposed ‘productive households’ model moves beyond ideas of competing elites at times of stress, and invites a new debate by expanding a more complex broch concept beyond the Atlantic core.     

崖壁上的佛国 大足石刻佛教造像

在重庆大足地区的险峻山崖上,保存着世界上罕见的系列石刻,时间跨度从公元9世纪到1 3世纪。这些石刻以其极高的艺术品质、丰富多变的题材闻名遐迩,从世俗文化到宗教文化,它们鲜明地反映了我国在这一时期佛教、道教和儒家思想和谐相处的局面。1999年,大足石刻因其珍贵的价值列入《世界遗产名录》。     

旧石器时代石斧的认知考古学研究

艺术应始于人类的早期石斧,手斧的性择标识理论似乎解答了手斧的所有问题,但对该理论还有待更进一步的验证。     

画像石中的西王母

西王母是战国秦汉时期最受崇拜的神明,历史文献多有记载和描述。在两汉时期的画像石中,西王母也一直是至高无上的神仙世界的首领。西王母最早出场于半人半兽的怪异世界,后来变成一位仙药制造神,在其身边聚集了专门制造长生不老仙药的玉兔、蟾蜍以及采集原料或传播仙药的青鸟等等。两汉时期的人们崇拜和信仰西王母,主要是为了长生不老或起死回生。     

The Fordwich Stone and its Legend

Abstract

The ubiquitous use of the Latin word ‘sedilia’ to refer to the ritual seats to the south of an altar for the use of the celebrant priest and his assistants has led to the notion that it is an authentic medieval term. This paper shows the results of a survey of documentary references to seats of all kinds in medieval England, and demonstrates that in the medieval period the word sedilia was of no especial distinction, meaning merely ‘bench’, only gaining its current meaning in the late 18th century. The word was used along with a variety of others to refer to now lost seating in medieval churches, including benches and individual chairs in the chancel as well as seating in the nave. This piece will make some suggestions for the distinctions made in the terminology in medieval documents regarding the different types of seating in churches. To avoid confusion, the word ‘sedilia’ is italicised when it refers to medieval use of the Latin word, but not when it refers to the modern definition.     

宋代的石藏葬制

宋代石藏葬制的发端一般被认为是治平四年(1067)英宗永厚陵,仔细查考文献可知,此时实以石椁作为变通形式。真正在皇堂内设置地下石藏,始自元丰三年(1080)慈圣光献皇后陵。而在此之前,熙宁八年(1075)韩琦墓已首次特诏构筑石藏。此后,又有少数与皇帝关系特别密切的王爵及对朝政起重要作用的宰臣得以使用。通过排比北宋后期帝陵、后陵、特制亲王宰臣墓、亲王墓资料,发现在墓室尺寸、石藏尺寸、石门有无等方面都构成了比较明显的等级差别。在考虑宋代墓葬等级问题时,除了地上设施诸因素需要纳入考察视野外,对于特制墓例地下形制的独特之处也要给予充分的注意。