考古类型学的一点思索

从进化论和生物分类学概念引入的考古类型学理论在中国已经走过了近一个世纪,伴随着新的千年,中国的考古学迈进了崭新的21世纪。     

全国第七届科技考古学术讨论会通知(第一轮)

根据全国第六届科技考古学术讨论会的建设,吉林大学边疆考古研究中心和中国科技考古学会(筹)常务理事会经过友好协商,决定于2004年10月10—14日联合主办全国第七届科技考古学术讨论会。会议地点在长春市吉林大学友谊会馆,10月9日报到,10—12日为学术报告与讨论,13—14日赴吉林省集安市参观、考察高句丽遗迹(正在申报世界化遗产)。     

谈考古科技与科学考古学

<正>随着考古学的发展,科技手段越来越受到重视。高新科技手段的应用和信息提炼,有时对考古学重建历史发挥着举足轻重的作用。但是,对科技手段的运用以及对科技考古学的地位在我国学界及考古圈内仍然存在不同看法。有学者仍然强调考     

成都的城市考古发展与名城保护

成都作为国务院首批公布的国家级历史化名城,地上地下有着极为丰富的物遗存。随着城市建设的发展,成都的城市考古工作涉及内容也越来越广泛,从过去的居住遗址、作坊遗址、墓葬等扩大到城墙遗址、冶炼遗址和酿酒遗址等等,拓宽了考古学科研究的范围。其时代也从过去的汉代、唐代延伸到商周,甚至到史前时代。一些过去不被人们知晓的地下遗存,通过考古发掘和研究展现在世人面前,极大地丰富了成都这座历史化名城的内涵。如何将成都城市考古成果与名城保护有机结合起来,正是我们今天研究的课题。     

面对新世纪的中国考古学

伴随着2001年新年的钟声,我们已经迈入21世纪的门坎：回首过去,中国考古学也走过了大半个世纪的历程,并发展成为一门新兴且逐渐走向成熟的独立的人科学和社会科学。面对新世纪,中同考古学该怎样发展?其面临的首要任务是什么?对于这些问题,笔在工作中及闲暇时,曾断断续续做过长时间的思考,有些已有了明确的答案或比     

云锦府发掘与新乡科技考古的探索

科技考古是利用现代科技分析古代遗存,取得丰富的潜在信息,再结合考古学方法探索人类历史的科学,属于考古学的分支学科。我国现在正处于城市基本建设的快速发展时期,各级考古单位发掘任务都很多,特别是市一级的基层考古单位,主要承担配合城市基本建设的考古发掘工作,普遍存在时间紧、任务重、人员少的情况,科技考古方面往往无暇顾及。     

对考古地层学的认识

《中国大百科全书·考古学》：“考古学是根据古代人类通过各种活动遗留下的实物以研究人类古代社会历史的一门科学。”其中包含的一个意义即是借以获得这种知识的考古方法和技术,在这中间就必然要应用到考古地层学的一些理论方法。     

考古退步论——“知识考古”专栏导读

类型学是考古学的两大基石之一(另一个是地层学)。不管考古学如何发展,它都将作为考古学家面对材料的基础性的方法论而贯穿考古学的始终。但是考古学史上每个阶段人们都会反思类型学的功能及新的可能性,尤其是其局限性。二战之后,尽管以文化谱系和文化史重建为主要任务的考古学已经开始退出主流舞台,美国考古学界还曾经产生过所谓的"类型学大辩论"。陈淳先生译介的这组文章,则基本上是新     

GIS考古研究综述与前景展望

近十几年来,GIS考古取得了令人瞩目的发展.回顾十几年来的研究实践可以发现,GIS考古研究主要集中于考古数据获取与处理、考古数据管理、考古学分析与成果可视化四个方面.实践证明,现阶段的GIS考古研究需要将GIS技术更加紧密应用于考古学,需要在考古地层学、考古类型学、聚落考古等考古学基础研究上取得突破.     

关于田野考古绘图的一点思考

本文试图在科学、规范的要求下,重新界定田野考古绘图中探方分层平面图的涵义及其命名方式,强调对于地层分布线记录的重视,探讨了探方分层平面图绘制的一般性原则。对考古绘图的发展前景,及其在未来的考古学研究中的作用作了一点思考。     

关于正确理解和落实科学发展观的几个问题

科学发展观的提出是新一届中央领导集体理论创新的一个重要成果,标志着我们党的执政理念有了新的升华。科学发展观是在坚持毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民同志关于发展的重要思想的基础上,从新的实际出发．适应全面建设小康社会的需要,总结国内外发展的经验教训,着眼于把握规律、开拓发展思路、破解发展难题而提出来的．是与时俱进的马克思主义发展观。以人为本、全面、协调、可持续发展的科学发展观有着丰富的内涵。当前,落实科学发展观．应从进一步转变发展观念、转变经济增长方式、转变经济体制、转变政府职能、转变干部工作作风做起。     

关于《近代史研究》杂志若干技术处理的规定

为使《近代史研究》杂志的技术处理更加科学、规范,特参照有关规章和惯例,做出以下规定,凡惠投本刊的稿件请按照本规定操作。     

Reflections on the Pedagogy of Archaeological Field Schools within Indigenous Community Archaeology Programmes in Australia

In this paper we investigate the pedagogy of archaeological field schools. Specifically, we explore the combination of tertiary level field schools and Indigenous community (or community-based) archaeology. Using a detailed case study of a rock art field school in Arnhem Land, Australia, we explore the processes and outcomes of combining archaeological field training with the ideas and methods of community archaeology. We discuss the relationship and unique challenges faced by such community archaeology field schools, particularly that of balancing the priorities of competing stakeholders. Our discussion illustrates the complexities of training students to work in an environment where cultural belief systems are still strongly linked to sites and landscapes. While the challenges are numerous, the outcomes, particularly for students, provide an unparalleled educational experience, one that cannot be obtained in any other learning format.     

Economic Policies and Local Development: Some Reflections

Every national system is also a sum of all its regional economies. Then, there are economically differentiated regions within nations. If the foregoing is true, a crucial problem for economic policy is determining which policies should be pursued at the national level (national policies), and on what grounds, and which should instead be developed at the local, regional level (local policies). What policies influence the development and competitiveness of regional economies? This article tries to discuss these issues.The first causal relation to examine is that between national economic policies and the competitiveness of a country's regions. The picture grows even more complex if we consider that there are national policies which have explicitly geographical objectives. Then, why not count on national policies, even locally differentiated ones? Having answered this question this paper addresses the opposite issue: why should we not view the entirety, or at least the largest part, of national economic policy--and development policies in particular--as simply the sum of local economic policies? How can one distinguish between the local effects of national economic policies and those of local development policies? A further problem is providing a satisfactory definition of regions (i.e. the areas in which policies are to be implemented) and of their boundaries.     

NEARCHOS. Networked Archaeological Open Science: Advances in Archaeology Through Field Analytics and Scientific Community Sharing

The full release and circulation of excavation results often takes decades, thus slowing down progress in archaeology to a degree not in keeping with other scientific fields. The nonconformity of released data for digital processing also requires vast and costly data input and adaptation. Archaeology should face the cognitive challenges posed by digital environments, changing in scope and rhythm. We advocate the adoption of a synergy between recording techniques, field analytics, and a collaborative approach to create a new epistemological perspective, one in which research questions are constantly redefined through real-time, collaborative analysis of data as they are collected and/or searched for in an excavation. Since new questions are defined in science discourse after previous results have been disseminated and discussed within the scientific community, sharing evidence in remote with colleagues, both in the process of field collection and subsequent study, will be a key innovative feature, allowing a complex and real-time distant interaction with the scholarly community and leading to more rapid improvements in research agendas and queries.     

Technical Strategies for Conservation of Earthen Archaeological Architecture

The preservation of earthen architectural heritage is extremely complex due to the diversity of its constituent materials and potentially rapid physical deterioration. Interventions on historic earthen architecture throughout the world have shown very distinct levels of success, but there is no single procedure or combination of conservation procedures that guarantee success. One of the problems is the lack of knowledge about the behaviour of soil as the material component, and its relationships both with other materials, and associated natural and cultural environments. This article analyses some technical considerations that have influenced the preservation of earthen archaeological remains, through critical analysis of the existing bibliographic references from the proceedings of specialized international conferences that have taken place in the last twenty years.     

关于上海旅游节发展的若干思考

节庆旅游的发展相当迅速,经济效益、化效益、社会效益都很明显。本综合评述旅游节庆的地位与作用,对上海旅游节的发展进行了SWOT分析,并根据实际情况提出若干对策。     

古代建筑油饰彩绘传统工艺的科学化研究

为了获得传统建筑彩绘工艺过程中的相关科学信息,以传统彩绘工艺过程为基础,利用光学显微镜、电子扫描显微镜、红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、动态粘弹谱、冷冻干燥、化学发光、视频接触角等手段对相关物料在传统工艺操作下的相互作用进行了系统研究.研究主要集中在揭示用于地仗制作物料的功能及其原理.研究结果表明:传统工艺蕴涵着深刻的科学内涵.用于彩绘的地仗是一个典型的复合材料,这种复合材料优越的性能来自于各物质间显著的协同作用.每种物料在其中的作用均可以利用现代科学理念给予阐释.这些理念包括聚合反应、高分子薄膜的固化作用、应力分散、网络结构以及物料相容性等.这些研究结果不仅对传统工艺的理解具有重要的意义,而且对于传统彩绘修复乃至当今复合材料研究也具有重要价值.