行政腐败成因探微——官僚制范式与公共选择范式之比较

随着社会的不断发展,腐败现象及其成因日趋多样化和复杂化。本文以介绍探究腐败成因的官僚制范式和公共选择范式为重点,阐述了官僚制范式和公共选择范式的主要内容及其相关理论,并就两种范式的优缺点进行了比较研究。     

当代西方国家新公共管理运动评析与启示

始于20世纪70年代末的西方国家新公共管理运动具有全球性特征,参与的国家虽然都采取了具有本国特色、各有侧重的改革方案和策略,但是在采取策略方面也体现出很多相似性。鉴于新公共管理运动强大的生命力与现实价值,本文对当代西方国家新公共管理运动所表现出的核心性和代表性内容进行简要评析,以期对我国政府公共管理改革有所启示。     

新公共管理理念下的政策执行趋向及其影响

“新公共管理”理念体现了公共管理方式的方向性调整。目前,虽然对新公共管理运动仍存在各种争论,但其必然对传统的政策执行体制产生深刻的影响,即政策制定与政策执行在新的调控机制下相分离;政策执行主体呈多元化平板式结构;政策执行追求质量而不是过程,而政策执行趋向的这些变化,则又相应地带来政策职能相关环节的变化,即政府政策职能更为突出;政策类型发生转变;政策评估与政策监控面临新的机遇与挑战。     

新公共管理视角下我国政府管理模式的创新分析

在现代化建设的发展时期,促进行政体系的改革,提高政府各部门的职能就在于政府管理模式的创新。因此本篇文章将针对新公共管理视角下我国政府管理模式的创新进行探究与分析。     

新常态下公共管理的困境与出路探索

新常态背景下我国的公共管理亟需寻求新的出路来打破前进的阻碍,更好地让大众得到满足感.本文就新常态背景下公共管理的困境与公共管理的出路实施了探究.     

中国行政体制改革的模式选择分析

行政体制改革是一个热门话题,我国也面临着新一轮的行政体制改革浪潮。行政体制改革需要从理论上进行设计和指导,理性官僚制和时下风行的新公共管理是当前西方国家存在的两种行政模式,我国的行政改革的模式选择应该依据我国的实际,科学选择理性官僚制和新公共管理"两只手"的协调运作的改革模式。     

公共权力制度规范思考——以湖南省为例

围绕湖南省当前公共权力运行现状和社会需求,要求必须以制度建设为基础、以权力制约为核心、以依法公开为平台、以社会监督为保障,进一步推进法治建设,切实健全以法治规范公共权力的制度体系;进一步完善决策流程,切实健全从源头规范公共权力的制度体系;进一步强化权力制衡,切实健全以权力规范公共权力的制度体系;进一步强化权力公开,切实健全以权利规范公共权力的制度体系;进一步强化社会监督,切实健全以群众规范公共权力的制度体系。通过有效构筑公共权力制度规范的科学路径,切实实现干部清正、政府清廉、政治清明的公权力运行环境。     

《西周的政体——中国早期的官僚制度与国家》评介

西周作为中国早期国家发展最重要的阶段,很久以来史学家对它的政治制度几乎没有统一的理解,有传统王德说、有封建说（以西欧中古时代为例和马克思学说两种）、有城邦说,甚至现在还有各种人类学说,这些说法能否反映西周政体的真实情景？     

对新修订《证券法》制度设计的思考

新修《证券法》在2020年3月1日正式实行,作为资本市场最具重要性的法律,其内容的变更对资本市场产生极其重要的影响.通过与修订前的《证券法》相对比,新修的《证券法》扩展了证券的定义、为证券市场推行注册制进行了制度设计、单列信息披露和投资者保护为专章以示对加强投资者保护的决心、加大对违反证券法行为的惩处力度以提升违法成本...     

公共选择理论对新常态下安徽经济发展的借鉴分析

公共选择理论是公共经济学的重要理论之一,对各国经济的发展起到了指导作用。在我国经济发展呈现出新常态的大背景下,同样需要公共选择,尤其是地方政府在促进区域经济发展过程中需要注重对公共选择理论的应用与发展,实现理论与实践的完美结合。文章以新常态下安徽省经济发展为例,分析公共选择理论对地方政府区域经济发展借鉴作用。     

Agents of Change: The Role of Public Managers in Public Policy

Our article outlines a number of ways that theories of public management can contribute to the work of public policy scholars. We first outline some of the ways in which public managers have been incorporated into previous work on public policy, and the limitations faced by previous treatments. We then discuss the role that public management plays in the policy process, with a specific focus on managerial quality, networking, and performance evaluation.     

京瓷公司阿米巴经营的制度经济学分析

在京瓷公司成立5年后的1964年,为了保持公司的发展活力,稻盛和夫独创阿米巴经营方式——在生产过程中,把整个组织分成许多独立核算的小组。这种经营方式对京瓷公司的发展壮大产生了极为重要的影响。从制度经济学的视角看,作为一种制度,阿米巴经营在京瓷公司取得成功,关键在于它恰当安排了自利的动力机制和权威命令的动力机制,以及京瓷公司良好的制度环境。阿米巴经营在成功追求利他目标的同时,本身也有一定的局限性。     

酒店经营管理中的跨文化关系解析

本文从酒店总经理的困惑入手,分析了酒店经营管理中错综复杂的文化关系,探讨了这些文化关系的共性规律和个性特征,并提出,跨文化关系解析是酒店文化问题研究的关键环节。在此基础上,本文进一步讨论了跨文化关系解析五个方面的理论基础以及跨文化关系解析在酒店经营管理宏观战略的制定、酒店人力资源管理和酒店对客服务等方面的应用问题。     

公众参与和执政党政策的合法性

执政党依靠的是制定和实施公共政策来实现对社会的治理,执政党的政策能否得到广泛的认同和支持,直接影响到执政党自身的合法性。因此,执政党必然通过各种渠道和方式强化其与民众的联系。改革开放以来,中国共产党通过一系列制度和机制的创新,特别是倡导和鼓励公众参与,使执政党政策的合法性途径更为多元,这不仅实质性地提高了执政党的执政能力,有效地降低了执政成本,也为建构社会主义和谐社会提供了重要的制度平台。     

Control Over Government: Institutional Isomorphism and Governance Dynamics in German Public Administration

The era of public management change is said to challenge traditional "command and control" modes of governance, encouraging a move toward either more informal forms of (co-) governance or market-type incentives and competition. Regardless of whether these claims are made by reform advocates or by more sceptical observers within the wider governance debate, less attention has been paid by either side on the mechanisms that are supposed to facilitate the spread of new forms of control. This article seeks to advance this state of affairs in two ways. First, it utilizes the notion of institutional isomorphism to explore the nature of change of modes of control. In particular, it assesses the mechanisms for change, whether control mechanisms are changing due to coercive, mimetic, or professional mechanisms. Second, it explores the impact of these mechanisms in the federal context of Germany in two policy domains, prison and local government supervision (in the field of building administration). Finally, this article suggests that cultural theory offers considerable insights for the study of institutional isomorphism by emphasizing conflicting worldviews and the diversity of related policy ideas as driving forces of change in modes of governance.     

The Role of Cross‐Scale Institutional Linkages in Common Pool Resource Management: Assessing Interstate River Compacts*

This article extends the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework's seminal research on common pool resource (CPR) management in new directions by exploring how the design principles of robust and enduring CPR management, initially proposed by Elinor Ostrom in 1990, can be used to measure and assess cross‐scale institutional linkages. This study examines data from 14 interstate river basin compacts in the western United States to identify the types of linkages established in these interstate settings, the factors that contribute to the emergence of diverse types of linkages around these shared resources, and how different types of linkages perform. Using Ostrom's CPR design principles to operationalize and measure linkages, the study shows that diverse types of cross‐scale linkages were created under the 14 interstate compacts, with linkages related to monitoring found to be particularly prevalent. The types and diversity of linkages can largely be explained by the conditions under which compacts emerged and the water management issues states jointly face. In applying the evaluative criteria operationalized by the CPR design principles, this research further shows that the monitoring and collective choice linkages created by compacts tend to be of higher quality, while enforcement and conflict resolution linkages appeared to be of the lowest quality. In addition to developing the IAD literature on CPR management, these findings offer critical insights for assessing the capacity of interstate river basin compacts in the western United States to manage shared resources successfully, as well as insights for what types of institutional investments may be needed for enhanced resource governance.     

北魏均田制下产权制度变迁分析

结合新制度经济学的有关理论,对我国历史上的均田制进行分析是很有意义的。作为国家强制性的制度变迁形式,均田制依靠国家的力量得以推行,为国家建立税收基础,以实现国家租金收入的最大化。但是,在均田制实施的过程中,却遭遇到了来自下层的变通与退出力量,使得均田制度的演进过程又呈现出既定利益结构下的诱致性变迁。     

Party Interests,Public Opinion and Institutional Preferences: Electoral System Change in New Zealand

Explanations of the origins of electoral systems tend to rely heavily on rational choice assumptions: essentially the common sense inference that political parties prefer electoral arrangements that promote their interests. Accounts of electoral system change in New Zealand support either a partisan interest interpretation on the basis of survey evidence from voters, or point to other deeper causes in historical, institutional and cultural phenomena. Using survey data from the 1993 referendum, covering both voters and political party elites, we seek to reconcile these approaches by establishing the limits of the party interest approach. We construct an argument which also stresses the effects of cultural and institutional variables-most notably, many New Zealanders' frustrated expectations that governments be accountable between elections as well as on election day, and their hopes that multi-party government may facilitate such accountability.     

对酒店管理合同受托方激励约束机制相关理论问题的探讨

本文从对酒店管理合同受托方激励约束问题的由来入手,结合新制度经济学的相关理论探讨对酒店管理合同受托方激励约束机制研究的理论价值和现实意义,在此基础上,针对构建对酒店管理合同受托方激励约束机制的研究,提出了相应的理论基础体系.     

New public management and welfare-to-work in Australia: Comparing the reform agendas of the ALP and the Coalition

Since the 1990s, the adoption of new public management (NPM) as a management philosophy has translated into multiple waves of reform in the employment services sector in Australia, namely Working Nation (1994–96), Job Network (JN: 1996–2009) and Job Services Australia (JSA: 2009–present). Each wave has sought to improve the preceding policy. In this article, we examine changes implemented during the Rudd/Gillard Labor governments. Using government policy documents and survey data from frontline employment services staff, we compare JSA to JN against five benchmarks. Our data indicate that JSA has generated modest improvement. JSA is also a system with less emphasis on strong forms of sanctioning. Our combined data suggest that policy actors operating under NPM conditions are indeed able to influence specific aspects of frontline practice, but they must spend great effort to do so and must accept new imperfections as a consequence.

1990年代以来,新型公共管理被作为一种管理哲学而被接受。这导致了就业服务部门的数次改革浪潮,即工作国（1994—96）、工作网（1996—2009）、澳大利亚工作服务（2009至今）。每波浪潮都力图改良此前的政策。本文考察了陆克文/吉拉德工党执政时期的变革。作者根据政府的政策文件、一线就业服务机构员工的调查数据等等,在五个基准点上将澳大利亚工作服务与工作网做了对比。根据我们的资料,澳大利亚工作服务这个系统带来的改进最小,也不大注重强有力的制裁。我们认为,实施新型公共管理的政策制定方的确能影响一线实践的某些方面,但他们还要花大力气,还要接受往后新的不圆满。