The New Militia: War,Politics and Gender in 1750s Britain

This article explores the role of gender in the debates around the creation of a ‘New Militia’ at the beginning of the Seven Years War. The humiliating military defeats of 1756 had precipitated a cultural crisis that focused upon gender distinctions, as the ‘effeminacy’ of men and the ‘boldness’ of women threatened to collapse the social order. In this context, militia service was presented as a cure for the nation's moral, social, political and sexual ills. This article therefore examines a range of textual and visual sources in order to suggest that certain mid‐Georgian political worldviews were fundamentally gendered, since they were predicated upon martial masculine virtues of the citizenry.     

英国与朝鲜停战谈判中的战俘遣返问题

作为美国的主要盟友,英国和美国一样主张战俘的"非强制遣返"。但是英国出于促成尽快停战,应对议会下院反对派的压力和确保英国及英联邦国家的战俘尽快安全获释的考虑,英国保守党政府不仅反对强制遣返,也反对强制扣留战俘。而且与丘吉尔首相过分强调战俘遣返问题的"人道"立场、政治价值及英美特殊关系不同,艾登主导的外交部主张抑制美国在战俘遣返问题上的僵硬立场,意欲灵活处理战俘问题,打开停战谈判僵局。英国既非强制遣返、也非强制扣留战俘的立场,以及其在东西方之间的斡旋,在一定程度上有助于战俘遣返问题的解决。     

朝鲜战争与英美关系

冷战初期 ,英美两国在二战时期建立的“特殊关系”得到进一步加强 ,英国成为美国推行冷战政策的最主要支持者和积极参与者。但是 ,这种“特殊关系”并不表明英国在所有国际问题上都与美国保持一致 ,对美国一味给予支持。围绕朝鲜战争和对华政策 ,双方存在着重大分歧和矛盾 ,从而使英美“特殊关系”经历了一次严峻考验。由于实力有限和对美国的依赖 ,英国不得不一再向美国做出妥协、让步 ,以避免双方关系的破裂。对于英国来说 ,维护和加强同美国的关系是其外交政策的核心所在。朝鲜战争从一个侧面揭示了英美关系的复杂性和不对称性     

朝鲜战争与中国的台湾问题

中国海峡两岸的分裂是冷战时期遗留的问题,也是朝鲜战争的一个后遗症。朝鲜战争爆发导致美国直接派兵进入朝鲜,招致美国插手台湾事务,再度在政治、军事与经济上援助蒋介石,全面卷入中国内战。朝鲜战争爆发和美国介入中国台湾问题,与海峡两岸长期分裂有着直接的因果关系。     

The Concept of Total War: National Effort and Taxation in Britain and France During the First World War

Abstract

The failure … to appreciate that such bellicist views, or variants of them, were still widespread in other areas of the world, those dominated by Fascism or Marxism-Leninism, were to cause embarrassing misunderstandings, and possibly still do.