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1.
    
ABSTRACT

This paper looks at the effectiveness of the policy of non-discrimination towards minorities in the preservation of minority cultural heritage, constructing a case study within Albania. After defining the key terms used, this paper examines the legal framework of non-discrimination towards minorities in its historical development and looks into the state of preservation of minority cultural heritage on the ground throughout the 2010s combining extensive field-work with interviews with key representatives of ethnic minorities in Albania. The poor state of preservation of minority cultural heritage is mostly attributed to under-financing and the insufficient policy of non-discrimination. As I demonstrate, in the case of minorities with a kin-state in the region, most notably Greece, as well as the heritage claimed by neighbouring states, primarily Turkey, the policy of non-discrimination and the practice of under-financing paves the way for external involvement in the protection of cultural heritage, in pursuit of international political agendas. The paper concludes that more needs to be done for the protection of minority cultural heritage in Albania.  相似文献   

2.
长年埋藏于水下的文化遗产,在适应周围的化学、物理及生态环境后可达到一种平衡的保存状态。通过概述水下埋藏环境对文物产生的影响,并对国外文物保护工作者在沉船、水下文物点、古代聚落遗址等类型水下文化遗产原址保护的成果进行研究,为中国水下文化遗产保护相关工作的开展提供一定的借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
    
Although attacks on cultural property have caused international outcry, our understanding of this phenomenon is still limited. In particular, little research has been directed towards exploring the motivations for such attacks. Therefore, we ask: What are the motives for attacking sites, buildings or objects representing cultural heritage? By combining insights from peace and conflict research with findings from heritage studies we present a typology of motivations for attacking cultural property. We identify four, not mutually exclusive, broad groups of motives: (i) attacks related to conflict goals, in which cultural property is targeted because it is connected to the issue the warring parties are fighting over (ii), military-strategic attacks, in which the main motivation is to win tactical advantages in the conflict (iii), signalling attacks, in which cultural property is targeted as a low-risk target that signals the commitment of the aggressor, and (iv) economic incentives where cultural property provides funding for warring parties. Our typology offers a theoretical structure for research about why, when, and by whom, cultural property is targeted. This is not only likely to provide academic benefits, but also to contribute to the development of more effective tools for the protection of cultural property during armed conflict.  相似文献   

4.
    
In October 2003, 28 cultural expressions from around the world were proclaimed Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity, complementing the adoption of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. This proclamation has been part of the broader remit of the international organisation to protect the world’s cultural diversity from modernity and globalisation. Inherent in this is an underlying notion of cultural authenticity, implying that certain expressions, which are considered to be endangered and therefore in need of institutional protection, constitute ‘original’ and ‘pure’ manifestations of cultural identity. Taking forward debates on the safeguarding of intangible heritage, this paper examines cultural authenticity in the context of the Vanuatu Cultural Centre, the principal cultural organisation, museum and research institution of the Melanesian archipelago. The proclamation of the practice of sandroing (sand drawing) as a masterpiece of intangible heritage, and other heritage interventions taking place in Vanuatu and recorded during fieldwork in 2007, provide an interesting perspective for examining how global cultural initiatives are negotiated by local constituencies. Here, heritage preservation is coupled with calls for development, which invites new ways for thinking about authenticity not according to predefined criteria, but with respect to local understandings.  相似文献   

5.
对文物价值的认识直接关系到文物保护、修复、研究工作者的工作理念及工作质量。从文物的历史及艺术两大价值着手,分别就文物上历史信息的增减及历史价值与美学价值的关系进行了详细的探讨,提出了增加历史信息可取、减少历史信息不可取以及历史价值第一性、美学价值第二性等观点。  相似文献   

6.
    
During the last decade, we have witnessed an increased interest in Ecosystem Services (ES), including the so-called ‘cultural ecosystem services’ and its subcategory of ‘cultural heritage’. In this article, a review of academic literature of ES and cultural heritage is carried out. ES has primarily been developed by scholars from the ecological and economic disciplines, and in this article, we discuss how this impacts the way in which cultural heritage is used and conceptualised in ES literature. Based on the conceptual review, we initiate a discussion of what the implications for cultural heritage management could be if the heritage sector adopts the rationales in the ES framework.  相似文献   

7.
文化遗产和艺术作品的数字化保护与数字内容应用是近年来国内外文化界和科技界的一个共同研究热点,也是我国积极推动文化创新和文化产业发展的重要内容。为了更好地开展我国首批非物质文化遗产的佛山石湾陶瓷艺术的数字化保护工作,研究了非接触式光学三维扫描设备进行表面反光的陶瓷作品三维数据扫描和形态整合的问题。同时研究了利用HDR技术进行陶瓷表面色彩纹理信息采集和复原的技术方法,得到完整的陶瓷作品数字化模型,达到了对文化遗产数字化保护和数字内容建设的目的。最后,讨论和研究了文物数字化内容的宣传和推广方法,并给出了实际应用的案例。  相似文献   

8.
    
This study examines the changing roles of heritage professionals by focusing on the participatory practices of intangible urban heritage. Developments towards democratisation in the heritage sector led to a growing expectation that heritage professionals would work with local publics. This democratisation is manifested in (1) the use of digital media for grassroots heritage practices, (2) the broader scope of what is defined as heritage, and (3) a focus on communities in UNESCO’s Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Heritage professionals are thus challenged to develop inclusive heritage practices, particularly in cities, which are characterised by a dynamic nature and cultural diversity. In this article, I analyse how urban heritage organisations and professionals have responded to these developments. Drawing on interviews and a qualitative content analysis of these organisations’ policy documents, I examine the ways in which heritage professionals reconsider their public role through what I define as networked practices of intangible heritage. This concept captures the networked structure in which heritage professionals increasingly work, and also demonstrates how heritage is given meaning through public practices that take place in both the physical and virtual realms of contemporary cities.  相似文献   

9.
中国国家线性文化遗产网络构建   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
全球化与快速城市化背景下,中华大地上的文化遗产受到了前所未有的威胁与破坏,特别是在国家历史上对维护国家政治稳定、经济发展、社会进步与文化交流发挥过重要作用的线性文化遗产亟待引起重视并得到系统保护。本文着重探讨了国家线性文化遗产网络的构建途径。通过将文献研究与专家问卷德尔斐法相结合,判别出了由19个线性文化遗产约250,000km线性要素所构成的国家线性文化遗产网络。以期在国土尺度上建立一个集生态与文化保护、休闲游憩、审美启智与教育等多功能为一体的线性文化遗产网络,在中华大地上形成一个彰显民族身份、延续历史文脉、保障人地关系和谐的文化\"安全格局\"。  相似文献   

10.
角色与空间互构视野下,研究聚焦文化空间这一空间类型,将角色理论与文化空间理论和空间生产理论对接,运用研究整合法构建了“角色-空间”理论分析框架。在此基础上,研究以文化空间类非遗--广西侗族百家宴为研究对象,以广西三江侗族自治县程阳八寨景区岩寨为案例地,关注旅游开发后侗族百家宴非遗文化旅游空间生产中的角色建构、角色扮演、角色情境定义等角色实践问题,以及角色实践视野下侗族百家宴非遗文化旅游空间生产的结果。这对于提高传统角色理论在空间问题研究上的解释力、促进角色理论的空间转向,拓展文化空间理论和空间生产理论的角色面向,以及在微观实践层面上明确侗族百家宴文化空间保护与旅游化生存策略具有较大裨益。  相似文献   

11.
    
In this article we will explore the way in which different agents appropriate and use heritage to compete in specific power scenarios. We approach heritage discourses and practices as defining specific political arenas within which power relations are reconfigured. The protection of spaces and places as well as the processes of patrimonialisation that take place inside specific localities give rise to the emergence of new ways of exercising power. We will examine two ethnographic cases from South European mountain areas: the Parc National des Écrins in the French Alps and a Romanesque church in the Catalan Pyrenees. An analysis of both the protected area and the constructed heritage will enable us to focus on heritage as being produced, identified and valued within specific logics and value systems. We examine the dynamics that heritage and heritage policies produce in each context as well as the interest they promote. Heritage both organises different fields of forces and is appropriated by politicians, experts, and economic actors. We will discuss the entanglements, forces and dynamics that are activated and played out as a result of heritage processes in the larger process of contemporary political transformations.  相似文献   

12.
    
This research critically analyses the decentralisation of the BBC’s Department of Religion and Ethics, from its base in London to the office of BBC Manchester in 1994. It examines the rationale behind the BBC’s decision to move this production unit, and analyses the long-term impact of this policy on both the logistics and programme-making culture of the unit. Using interviews with staff working within the department at the time of the move, this research demonstrates how policy decisions such as this are negotiated by professionals within the Corporation and the conflicts which arise around efficiency and equality. The case of the Department of Religion and Ethics also provides important lessons for the future decentralisation of BBC departments to Salford Quays which is due to be implemented in 2011.  相似文献   

13.
文化遗产是人类创造的文明结晶,物质文化遗产包含着精神内涵,非物质文化遗产必然依托于物质载体。文化遗产兼具物质性和非物质性两种因素:物质文化遗产与非物质文化遗产相互依存、互相作用。认清两种文化遗产之间的区别和联系,对于文化遗产的保护具有理论指导作用。  相似文献   

14.
色谱和质谱联用技术是有机物常用的一种分析方法,在文物保护与考古残留物研究等方面的应用已有几十年的发展。色谱与质谱联用分析样品时,需要对样品进行水解提取、衍生化等前处理,这个过程较繁琐,且耗时长,另外在样品处理过程中还有样品流失的情况发生。因此,现在一般采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱联用技术(pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry,Py-GC/MS)来分析有机质样品。Py-GC/MS在分析样品时有如下优势:无需对样品进行前处理,样品可直接进行热裂解分析,操作比较简单;灵敏度高,能实现多组分混合有机样品识别;需要样品量很少,可满足文物样品微损分析检测的要求。因此,该方法在文化遗产保护和考古有机残留物识别鉴定中发挥了重要的作用。  相似文献   

15.
文化遗产地的保护与管理可以视为一种风险管理。对文化遗产面临风险的识别、评估、以及对风险预防与控制,从而实现低成本、高效率的保护与管理文化遗产,体现的是预防性保护的思想和理念。本工作以风险管理理论为指导,通过对文化遗产地风险管理的内容和方法进行研究和分析,提出目前监测工作所面临的一些重要问题,为改进我国文化遗产地监测工作的开展,构建我国文化遗产地监测体系框架以及提高文化遗产地的预防性保护与管理水平提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

16.
面向文化遗址保护的物联网技术研究与应用   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
大部分文化遗址因其所处环境的特殊性,导致现有常规的信息化技术手段无法有效实施,而传统的文化遗址保护技术也无法实现文化遗产保护与利用的最大化。物联网作为一项新兴的前沿热门信息技术,已经广泛应用于众多领域,具有能够与文化遗址保护工作紧密结合的发展潜力。本工作首先分析了文化遗址保护的现状与面临的问题,并对物联网技术与文化遗址保护的关系进行了深入阐述。针对文物保护领域的特殊需求,着重描述了文物本体与环境信息采集、监测数据的远距离传输,监测数据的实时分析处理三方面相关的物联网技术,并对涉及关键技术应用解决方案进行了分析说明。最后简要介绍了已经部署运行的典型文化遗址保护利用系统———基于物联网技术的敦煌莫高窟保护与利用系统,系统经过连续几年的运行积累了大量的监测数据,为敦煌莫高窟文物的保护做出了重要的贡献。随着物联网技术的进一步发展,在文物保护方面的应用将更加深入和广泛,这将进一步提升文物保护工作的效率。  相似文献   

17.
近年来文化遗产学的学科建设颇为学术界关注。南京大学贺云翱教授认为:虽然文化遗产事业因为兴起时间及学科建设时间短暂、实践积累不足、原有学科存在一定的阻碍作用等原因,学术界不可避免地会对学科建设产生一些疑虑,但文化遗产学具有强烈的现代性、社会性、跨学科等特点,与考古学、文物学及博物馆学等相近学科有明显的差异,其学科建设具备符合国家现代化建设和中国国情发展需求的优势以及应对全球化的对策优势,教育主管部门、国家有关部委和高校应紧密结合,高校、科研机构与博物馆等应通力合作,充分借鉴先进国家特别是日韩等邻国的经验并勇于建设和创新,学术刊物积极发挥引领与平台作用,共同推进文化遗产学学科建设;并且,随着文化遗产学进入教育部学科名录,成熟的文化遗产学的大学科体系的建设将会得到有效推动。  相似文献   

18.
"世界遗产"(World Heritage)和"非物质文化遗产"(IntangibleCultural Heritage)是内涵和外延不同的两个专有名词和各有评价标准的两种遗产类型,共同点只在于,它们是由联合国教育、科学及文化组织(UNESCO)宣布、在国际层面上加以保护的文化或自然遗产。作为热门词汇,比较容易被望文生义地理解为是一种统一的世界级的遗产;所以在讨论学术问题时,宜谨慎使用"世界遗产"汉译词通称World Heritage和Intangible Cultural Heritage这两种遗产类型。  相似文献   

19.
文化生态保护区建设是基于非物质文化遗产整体性特征,借鉴吸收西方文化生态学的理论,根据中国具体国情而实施的一项重要文化工程。对文化生态保护区建设的时间性和空间性予以综合探讨,既关乎学理,也是一个重要的现实实践问题。从时间性上来说,应尊重区域历史文化发展脉络、贴近民众当下生活,在当代生活时间中维护传统的连续性;从空间性上而言,应基于文化空间的完整性、行政管理的有效性而划定合理边界,并鼓励在维护文化特色的同时促进交流互鉴。文化生态保护的核心是人,文化生态保护区通过建设历史文化底蕴深厚、特色鲜明的自然人文空间,实现人与自然、人与社会、人与历史、人与自身关系的构建。  相似文献   

20.
中国汞齐鎏金技术起源于战国之前,该技术的出现极大地提升了青铜器的可观赏性和耐腐蚀性,给东周青铜文化带了一股新气象。鎏金青铜器由于长期埋藏于地下环境之中,出土后往往被一层坚硬的锈蚀物所覆盖,严重影响了文物外观,也不利于文物的保存。目前,鎏金青铜器除锈方法主要有化学湿法除锈,激光物理除锈,机械除锈法等方法。本研究依据鎏金青铜器腐蚀特点,采用复合水凝胶体系构建鎏金青铜器除锈新方法,以丙烯酸和聚乙烯醇为成胶剂,以弱酸性的甲酸和半胱氨酸为清洗组分的复合凝胶清洗剂。实施案例显示:该凝胶除锈剂可以实现对覆盖于鎏金层之上的赤铜矿、孔雀石和蓝铜矿等铜锈的高效去除,不污染文物表面,适用于复杂表面清洗,能够减少湿法清洗中清洗剂在鎏金层中扩散而产生的腐蚀破坏,符合文物保护\"最小介入\"与\"不改变文物外貌\"的原则要求。  相似文献   

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