The Evaluation of Urban Public Facility Location: An Alternative to Benefit-Cost Analysis

This paper attempts to overcome some specific problems which exist with the use of benefit-cost analysis in evaluating the impact of public facilities. The concepts developed explicitly recognize the importance of the spatial distribution of impacts and the fact that tastes can differ substantially among people. By utilizing the concepts of the generalized environment and of place utility, a more general and valuable conceptual model can be developed which may be useful in preventing much current conflict over public investment decisions. The model has an explicit concern with the problem of equity and is thus only a small step in a growing field of inquiry within geography.     

Empirical Analysis of a Travel-Time Forecasting Model

The purpose of this article is to analyze empirically a travel-time forecasting model that estimates link travel times on congested road networks. In separate studies by You and Kim, a nonparametric regression model has been developed as a core forecasting algorithm to reduce computation time and increase forecasting accuracy. In this article, the sensitivity of model parameters is evaluated so that the proposed travel-time forecasting model could be utilized in transportation information and management systems such as location-based services and intelligent transportation systems applications.     

Commuting to the Istanbul Historical Core: The Case of Industrial Employees

The aim of this paper is firstly, to determine the types of manufacturing activities which are at present active in the Istanbul Historical Core and secondly, to establish the daily commuting pattern of industrial employment. With this information to hand, it is then possible to assess the impact of the transportation pattern on the historical core and the metropolitan area as a whole. The results show that industrial employees commuting to work in the historical core face more difficulties, by way of duration-distance-change, than the average value observed in the metropolitan area. Moving manufacturing activities away from the historical core will not only decrease the difficulties faced by industrial employees in this area, but will also relieve this 2400 year old area from the burden of traffic congestion, environmental and noise pollution, and create usable building capacity .     

Alternative Nested Logit Model Structures and the Special Case of Partial Degeneracy

Partially degenerate nested logit (NL) models have broad applicability in regional science. However, the literature on them is relatively sparse and confusion exists on some aspects of identification and related matters. This paper addresses a number of conceptual and econometric aspects of partially degenerate NL models. These include identification, scaling, invariance, and consistency with the utility-maximizing postulate that underlies discrete choiceanalysis. This is accomplished within the larger, encompassing framework of nondegenerate NL models of which the partially degenerate model is a special case.     

旅游-经济-生态系统可持续协调发展评价模型构建与实证研究——以广西桂林为例

本文构建旅游-经济-生态复合系统评价指标体系,采用耦合协调度函数,对桂林市进行可持续协调发展评价研究。结果表明：1990年以来桂林市旅游子系统和经济子系统的综合序参量总体呈上升趋势,但旅游子系统的综合序参量波动性较大;生态环境综合序参量在1990～2000年间呈缓慢上升的趋势,2001年后发展趋势有所下降。旅游-经济-生态系统的协调发展关系处于颉颃状态,协调发展的程度还处于中低水平;系统耦合协调类型正在以旅游发展超前型,逐渐演变为经济发展超前型。     

Aggregation of Sampling Units: An Analytical Solution to Predict Variance

Geographical variables generally show spatially structured patterns corresponding to intrinsic characteristics of the environment. The size of the sampling unit has a critical effect on our perception of phenomena and is closely related to the variance and correlation structure of the data. Geostatistical theory uses analytical relationships for change of support (change of sampling unit size), allowing prediction of the variance and autocorrelation structure that would be observed if a survey was conducted using different sampling unit sizes. To check the geostatistical predictions, we use a test case about tree density in the tropical rain forest of the Pasoh Reserve, Malaysia. This data set contains exhaustive information about individual tree locations, so it allows us to simulate and compare various sampling designs. The original data set was reorganized to compute tree densities for 5 times 5-, 10 times 10-, and 20 times 20-meter quadrat sizes. Based upon the 5 times 5-meter data set, the spatial structure is modeled using a nugget effect (white noise) plus an exponential model. The change of support relationships, using within-quadrat variances inferred from the variogram model, predict the spatial autocorrelation structure and new variances corresponding to 10 times 10-meter and 20 times 20-meter quadrats. The theoretical and empirical results agreed closely, whereas neglecting the autocorrelation structure would have led to largely underestimating the variance. As the quadrat size increases, the range of autocorrelation increases, while the variance and the proportion of noise in the data decrease.     

口岸城市入境旅游流空间扩散路径实证研究——以上海市为例

本研究以东部典型入境口岸城市上海为研究对象,以市场调查资料为数据来源,从节点、方向及路径三个角度研究上海市入境旅游流的路径转移扩散规律。研究结果显示,以上海作为入境1：7岸的入境旅游流扩散人次排前十的节点城市依次为：北京、西安、杭州、成都、南京、桂林、广州、昆明、苏州、深圳;按照旅游流扩散方向可将入境旅游流扩散方向分为四类：北向、南向、西北向和西南向,并在每个方向上分别归纳出4条扩散路径,其中上海→北京→西安这→路径人数比例最高,上海→成都→西安→北京次之,上海→西安→北京处于第三位;同时研究显示,入境旅游流的扩散存在着路径依赖及路径依赖锁定现象。     

旅游目的地文化变迁量化评价方法及实证研究

为评价旅游目的地文化变迁的内容、方向、程度并掌握其变迁原因,本文设计了旅游目的地文化变迁评价指标体系,提出采用德尔菲法和AHP法确定各项指标的权重,并对青岛啤酒文化的变迁进行了实证研究,详细说明了旅游目的地文化变迁量化评价的方法。     

饭店新生代员工感知价值的概念模型与实证研究

本文采用质性研究和定量研究相结合的方法,探索中国情境下饭店新生代员工感知价值的结构维度并开发其测量量表.首先,在文献研究和访谈的基础上,构建饭店新生代员工感知价值的概念模型,设计量表的题项;其次,对83家饭店的1807名新生代员工进行问卷调查,并对调研数据进行数理统计分析.结果表明:饭店新生代员工感知价值是由感知利得和感知利失构面构成的高阶变量;感知利得对感知价值具有显著的正向影响;感知利失对感知价值具有显著的负向影响;感知利得构面由6个因子构成,感知利失构面由5个因子构成;其量表具有良好的信度和效度.     

我国旅游产业综合竞争力:理论分析、测度体系与实证评价

本文在厘清旅游产业潜力和竞争力关系的基础上,将二者纳入统一的分析框架,通过构建适当的测度体系对旅游产业综合竞争力进行实证评价。研究发现,我国旅游产业综合竞争力包含了竞争绩效、产业潜力和技术效率三个维度;旅游产业综合竞争力及其维度基本呈现出东部较强、中西部较弱的态势,这一分布状态也基本与当前我国经济和社会综合发展状况的分布态势相吻合;旅游产业综合竞争力三个维度中,技术效率对旅游产业综合竞争力的挖掘和未来发展具有最为突出的推动性和影响力。     

基于VRIO框架的饭店资源三维度评价模型

饭店是由各种资源构成的企业组织,饭店资源是与饭店竞争力密切相关的要素。论文在对饭店资源的内涵和结构进行分析的基础上,利用VRIO框架的4个基本问题,构建了饭店资源三维度评价模型。根据该模型,论文对饭店资源的价值性、稀有性和可模仿性分别提出了评价方法,并确定了饭店资源优化的条件。     

古村落游客感知价值概念模型与实证研究——以张谷英村为例

古村落旅游是一种特殊的乡村旅游、文化生态旅游。识别古村落游客感知价值的内在维度、探明古村落游客感知价值的来源,可以为古村落旅游发展提供理论支持。本文构建了古村落游客感知价值概念模型,并以张谷英古村落为例进行了实证研究。研究初步探明了古村落游客感知价值的来源,并且发现,古村落游客感知价值的内在维度呈三层次贡献分异,认知维显性化,情感维隐性化。     

Electoral Disproportionality and Bias Under the Alternative Vote: Elections to Australia's House of Representatives

Studies of electoral disproportionality and bias under Australia's alternative electoral system have mainly relied on the two-party preferred (2PP) vote totals for all electorates, irrespective of whether these are needed to determine the election outcome there. We argue that separate analyses should be undertaken for two groups of electorates – where the determination is made using the first-preference (FP) votes and where the 2PP redistributed votes are needed because no candidate wins a majority of FP votes, illustrating this with an analysis of the 2007 House of Representatives election results.     

人民币升值对中国入境旅游的影响评估——基于扩展旅游引力模型的实证分析

汇率变动通过价格效应对入境旅游需求产生影响。在人民币面临较大升值压力的背景下,探讨人民币升值对中国入境旅游的影响具有重要的现实意义。本文基于标准贸易引力模型和传统旅游引力模型,构建一个扩展的旅游引力模型,采用面板数据计量方法实证分析了人民币升值对中国入境旅游发展的影响,结果表明:人民币升值给中国入境旅游发展带来了强烈的冲击,客源国的经济发展水平及其人口规模以及中国的经济发展水平与中国入境旅游发展呈正相关关系,客源国与中国的距离则是中国入境旅游发展的一个阻碍因素。     

让游客参与服务他们就一定会很满意吗?——一个有调节的中介模型

本文引入归因理论和公平理论来解释顾客参与服务过程中出现不满意的原因,以旅行社的顾客为调查对象,通过建立结构方程模型,探讨旅行社行业背景下顾客参与的结构维度,分析顾客参与、顾客感知的组织支持、顾客对自身参与表现的满意程度、顾客满意感和顾客归属感这5个变量之间的关系.研究结果表明:(1)顾客感知的组织支持对顾客满意感和归属感有正向影响;(2)顾客参与是顾客感知的组织支持与顾客满意感和归属感之间的关系的中介变量;(3)顾客对自身参与表现的满意程度调节顾客参与的中介效应.     

Model of Environmental Protection-Eyewitness to the Qinghai-Tibet Railway

At the Premier's Working Conference of the State Council on February 8, 2001, Premier Zhu Rongji decided to go ahead with the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, considering it was a well-timed move with opportune conditions.Before this, the railway sections entering Tibet had been constructed northward and southward. The Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, 815 km. in length, had been established by railway engineering corps and put into use in 1984. And construction of the Guang-