A Commemorative Happy Day China holds grand commemorative activities to celebrate the millennium of the Gesar Epic

On Oct.17,2001,delegates from more than 140countries and regions unanimously agreed,at the 31thUNESCO session,that the commemorative activitiesto celebrate the millennium of the Gesar Epic wouldbe enlisted into one of the UN programs from July of2002 to july of 2003.It shows an internationally affir-mative recognition of the wisdom of the Tibetan eth-nic group of China,and it is also an internationallyaffirmative recognition of those great achievementsmade in the collection,collation and academic researchof documents of the Gesar Epic in China since thefounding of New China,especially since its reform andopening up.     

Searching for a Younger Generation of Tibetan Minstrels to Sing the King Gesar

As time goes by,the development of epic performance cul-ture naturally fol-lows that the old blind minstrels who once specialized in singing the oral epic King Gesar(which they had memorized by their memories)are gradually dying out.Therefore, sooner or later,live performance of the oral epic King Gesar seems doomed to disappear.But does the successive loss of elite minstrels, such as the departure of Zhaba, Tsewang Jigme,Atak,Khetsa Zhaba,     

Designer of The 100-Tael-Silver-Denominated Tibetan Currency

Three Generations of Painters Dainba Raodain, whose father was Zongdog Galsang Norbu, was born in 1941. He used to be an elementary school teacher, while also carrying out research on the Tibetan epic King Gesar, and he served as a fine art editor for a publishing house. In 1980, Dainba Raodain was transferred to Tibet University to teach art. He won the Excellence In Teaching Achievement Prize from the State Education Commission in 1990, and the Prize of the Wu Zuoren International …     

山西省农业土地资源可持续利用研究

农业土地资源的可持续利用是实现农业可持续发展的基础和保证。本文通过分析山西农业土地资源的特点,开发利用现状及存在的主要问题,提出了山西农业土地资源可持续利用的主要措施:加快退耕还林步伐,调整农业用地结构,优化农业生态环境;加强生态农业建设,合理利用土地资源,提高土地生产率;加大农业生态环境整治力度,防止土地退化,减轻自然灾害;强化土地管理,规范土地市场,保护农业土地资源。     

吉林省循环农业发展评价及优化调控研究

在分析循环农业内涵、原则和技术目标的基础上,结合吉林省农业发展现状,建立循环农业发展评价指标体系,运用熵权系数法对1990-2008年吉林省循环农业发展水平进行综合评价。研究结果表明:1990-2008年,吉林省循环农业发展水平不断增强,循环农业演化过程经历了停滞、缓慢提升、快速发展3个阶段,对1990和2008年循环农业发展制约因素和障碍度进行了对比分析。研究发现:2008年吉林省循环农业发展障碍因素依次为资源减量投入、资源循环利用、经济社会发展和资源环境安全。最后,根据评价结果提出了吉林省循环农业发展优化调控对策。     

中国城市职能结构的特征研究

本文利用1999年的城市数据库和纳尔逊分类方法分析了我国城市职能的基本特征,对各行业的就业频率分布曲线进行了分析,并比较了不同城市规模、不同地域城市职能差异,认为我国城市工业职能较强,就业比重较大;城市工业专业分工程度较低;我国城市职能随城市规模变化出现一定变化规律,建筑业比重随城市规模的增大而减小,科教文卫等服务业随着规模的增大而增大;我国城市职能结构表现在空间上的差异是东部城市工业职能较强,西部城市行政、科教等服务业就业比重较高。     

基于最优插值函数优选的小城镇商业用地地价空间结构分析——以西安市蓝田县城区为例

根据在西安市蓝田县城区调查的商业用地地价资料,利用ArcGis软件,从8种常用的插值方法中,以估计值与观察值的标准差最小为原则,筛选出适合于商业用地建立GRID数据的最优插值函数为克里金指数半变差函数模型,并利用该模型建立了商业用地的地价面,在此基础上对商业用地的地价空间结构进行了分析。结果表明:小城镇商业用地地价的变化呈同心圆结构,即城市中心区地价最高,向外逐渐降低。商业用地地价与道路两侧的商店密度性、临街道路的类型以及文化娱乐设施的分布密度正相关,相关系数分别为0.946、0.693和0.659;而与金融保险机构的个数以及土地所有权的性质相关性不强。     

西部地区县城居民住房消费的特点研究——以陕西省三原县、乾县等八县为例

县级是我国功能相对完备的基本单元,县城是城市经济和农村经济的结合部,又是工业经济与农业经济的交汇点,处于沟通上下、联络城乡的战略地位。同时县城也是我国推进城镇化战略的重要节点,西部县城居民数量占到西部城镇总人口的41%,因此,研究县城居民的住房消费特点十分必要。但县城居民的住房消费状况及特点研究在文献中并不多见。本文以笔者在陕西三原县城的调研数据为基础,并以在陕西其他七个县所作的三次调研数据作为补充修正。在上述数据基础上,测算出了西部县城住宅市场化指数,总结了居民住房现状,分析归纳出西部县城居民住房消费的特点。主要结论包括:西部县城很少有成规模的商品住宅小区、居民住宅分散、配套不完善、规划水平和物业管理水平很低,有实力的房地产公司尚未进入县城;县城的多层商品房售价在750元/平方左右,大多数居民接受低价位商品住宅,一般要求住房面积大于100平方米,对小区配套环境有一定要求,除水电基本配套外对市内配套设施的要求依次是暖气、太阳能热水器、天然气、网络。对开发商品牌有一定关注,对广告宣传比较相信。     

山西大同南郊区田村北魏墓发掘简报

墓葬位于大同市南郑区水泊寺乡田村村北,为长斜坡墓道砖构单室墓,由墓道、甬道、墓室组成。墓室平面呈方形,墓室北侧置石棺床,以石板搭成床框与床榻,石板问有榫卯结构相连,棺床立面饰浮雕纹样。棺床上置石灰枕。出土随葬器物以陶质类器物为主,包括陶俑和生活用器模型,多施有红彩。通过墓葬形制及出土器物的类比,确定墓葬的时代应为北魏太和年间。     

老旧住区居民地震紧急避难空间选择与行为特征分析

避难行为活动的高效开展是避难空间产生并进行合理布局的根本动因。居民自主的避难行为具有有限理性的属性,其特征是避难空间布局的重要依据。老城区的避难资源缺乏是各地的共性问题,在避难场所规划布局的工程实践和相关研究中,缺少对避难行为和空间的相关性的研究。本文以南京老旧住区为例,系统研究了居民选择紧急避难地点的空间特征和行为特征,并从心理学的角度解释了典型避难行为的产生原因;最后,基于对避难行为选择统计分析的结果,提出了未来避难场所规划中应注意的关键原则,研究结论可作为避难场所布局的重要依据。     

博物馆文物保存环境质量标准研究

我国大气污染严重,环境质量恶化使文物受损影响日益明显。上海、重庆、广州三市博物馆环境质量检测调查说明其现状与文物保护的要求还有相当距离,有些甚至还处于污染相当严重的地步。博物馆文物保存环境影响因素主要是温湿度、光线(可见光、紫外光)、污染气体(包括尘埃),不同材质的文物受各种环境因素影响在程度上是不同的。有的是起主要作用,有的则是起协同增效作用。研究其反应机理、反应速率,量化它们之间的关系,将是制定出文物保存环境质量标准的重要依据。 文物保存环境质量标准要求达到最大限度降低环境因素对文物所造成的损害,但受治理技术、监测技术、经济的许可、合理程度等方面的制约,制定分级标准将有利博物馆的环境治理实施和监测。     

江苏邗江甘泉顺利东汉墓清理简报

邗江甘泉顺利发现的一座东汉砖室墓,采用前堂横列单接棺室的T字形结构,前无甬道,沿袭了当地西汉木椁墓中一类外藏椁横列的平面布局,为东汉早中期之交一位有较高身份地位者的墓葬。墓中孑遗的鱼纹铜卡尺是一件精密的游标量具,极为珍贵。     

90年代重庆零售商业离心化研究

本文以重庆市近郊区为研究区域,通过对近郊区与中心区社会商品零售额总量和增长率的比较以及对近郊区零售商业中心的特征分析,发现90年代中期开始出现商业离心化的迹象。商业离心化的出现是宏观环境以及中心区与近郊区推拉力机制共同作用的结果。目前的商业离心化尚处于萌芽阶段,是市场经济下的自觉行为,但不同于计划经济下的均衡分布,离心化发展速度较慢,主要发生在各郊区商业中心,中心区的商业优势仍然很突出。商业离心化势不可挡,近郊中心与中心区的竞争将更加激烈,中心商业区和郊区商业中心应各有侧重地发展     

PROVENANCE OF THE SANDSTONE USED IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE KHMER MONUMENTS IN THAILAND

We investigated the sandstone used in the construction of the Khmer monuments situated upon and around the Khorat Plateau in north‐east Thailand in order to clarify the provenance. The sandstones of the 22 investigated Khmer monuments can be classified into three groups. The sandstone of Group 1 is lithic and is derived mainly from the Khok Kruat Formation. This group includes the sandstone used at Phimai, Phnom Wan, Muang Khaek etc. The sandstone of Group 2 is siliceous and can be subdivided into three further groups. The sandstone of Group 2 is considered to have been derived from the Phu Phan, Phra Wihan or Sao Khua Formations. The sandstone used at Muang Tam, Phnom Rung, Sdok Kok Thom, Preah Vihear (Khao Phra Wihan), Narai Jaeng Waeng etc. belongs to Group 2. The sandstone of Group 3 is feldspathic and is correlated with the grey to yellowish‐brown sandstone that is commonly used in the Angkor monuments in Cambodia. This sandstone is used at Wat Phu and Hong Nang Sida in Laos. The above results reveal that the choice of sandstone used for the Khmer monuments, including the Angkor monuments, was dictated by the surrounding geology.     

低碳旅游:旅游产业生态化的战略选择

在旅游业中发展低碳经济与旅游产业生态化其本质是一致的,核心是旅游产业系统的生态化;构造旅游产业生态系统并形成物质、能源输入输出平衡的旅游产业价值链的全程生态化;旅游产业生态化是一个渐进和反生态性特征日趋削弱、生态性特征逐渐加强的过程。"低碳旅游"的核心是通过在旅游业内发展低碳经济、创新低碳技,术,改变发展模式,最大限度减少二氧化碳排放,是一种缓解旅游生态环境压力的新技术经济范式,是促进旅游产业生态化的战略选择和重要途径。需要因势利导地利用产品导向、环境管理、延伸生产者责任、环境伦理导向、应用科学技术等的策略促进旅游产业生态化发展。     

环渤海地区三大城市群外向服务功能测度与比较

选取1997年和2004年环渤海地区京津冀、辽中南、山东半岛三大城市群的人口、从业人员、GDP、人均GDP等指标,运用外向功能量、城市流强度、城市流倾向度等模型,测度了三大城市群外向服务功能,并与长三角、珠三角相比较。结果表明:京津冀城市群外向服务功能居环渤海地区首位,辽中南次之,山东半岛位居最后;与1997年相比,山东半岛、京津冀外向服务功能均呈上升态势,仅辽中南出现了小幅度下降;与长三角、珠三角相比,三大城市群外向服务功能都弱于长三角,京津冀外向服务功能略强于珠三角,而辽中南和山东半岛则明显弱于珠三角。     

Kelenderis Ship—Square or Lateen Sail?

The Kelenderis ship appears in a harbour scene frame that forms one-third of a mosaic floor (the other two-thirds are decorated with geometric patterns). The name of the ship indicates its location, the town once called Kelenderis, in Turkey. The large sailing ship is depicted with a fully-open quadrilateral sail. No anchor or mooring line is indicated, but its static position suggests that the vessel is at anchor. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the intricate type of sailing rig. The Kelenderis ship was researched in detail for the first time by Zaraza Friedman in her 2003 PhD dissertation.
© 2006 The Authors     

长江三角洲地区粮食安全性度量研究

区域粮食安全问题是当前政府与学者关注的热点问题之一。长江三角洲地区高速的工业化、城镇化过程及快速增长的经济使维系粮食生产的耕地数量及质量发生剧烈变化,区域的粮食供需矛盾日益突出。文章对该区粮食生产与土地变化的相关性进行了分析,并阐述了近50年的粮食波动系数,通过预测分析长江三角洲地区粮食产量与消费状况,进一步对该区域粮食安全性进行度量研究。研究结果表明长江三角洲地区粮食缺口将逐年变大,粮食安全状况越来越差,有效的调控措施是实现区域粮食安全的保证。     

On the Significance of Lenin's Ideas for Soviet Geography

The president of the Geographical Society USSR reviews the present state of Soviet geographic theory in the light of Leninist philosophy. The objective existence of natural regions with definite boundaries is affirmed. The approach of “social physics,” applying natural laws to social phenomena, is rejected. The use of mathematical techniques is welcomed, but not to the extent of giving rise to a separate discipline of “theoretical geography” that would deal with whatever is common to both physical and economic geography. The geographical environment is defined as that part of the earth's natural environment in which nature and society are in direct interaction. Both geographical determinism and social determinism (geographical nihilism) are rejected. The definition of geography as a system of scientific disciplines is affirmed, and a proposed redefinition of geography as dealing with the evolution and control of dynamic spatial systems is rejected.     

The Changing Face of PEQ

Abstract

The spectacular relief of the sandstone inselbergs is maintained by an interplay of geological structure and weathering/erosion processes, in that vertical joints and faults provide the foci along which most weathering and erosion take place. There are three major varieties of sandstone breakdown; the first is failure of large rock masses along vertical joints, leading to rockfall. Associated with this process is the mechanical breaking of falling blocks upon impact, in some cases right down to the origjnal sand grains. Rockfall maintains vertical or steep slopes, provided basal talus is removed. The second variety is liberation of small blocks by weathering along closely-spaced joints and bedding planes. Rock prone to this style of erosion tends to be less steep and may have basal slopes buried by rubble. The third variety is grain by grain weathering by solution of cement. This process is the most fundamental, as it not only wears away the surfaces but attacks joints, leading to the processes described above. Grain by grain weathering is slowed or prevented on some surfaces by development of oxide rinds, particularly where run-off is concentrated.

These processes result in deposition of debris at slope bases, but in most cases the debris is quickly reduced to sand and removed by wind and water. Relatively clean slope bases allow slopes to retreat parallel to themselves. Where debris collects faster than it is reduced to sana, slope angles tend to decline until they reach the angle of repose of the debris.

Differences in structural expression of the various lithological units result in differing erosional characteristics. The Saleb Formation is typified by relatively gentle slopes littered with debris, due to thinly spaced joints. The Ishrin Formation, witll widely spaced vertical joints, is typified by rockfall of large masses. It is the major cliff-former. Grain by grain weathering, influenced by variations in varnish development, has produced spectacular tafoni on some Ishrin cliffs. The Disi Formation is extremely friable and although slopes are relatively gentle they are mostly rubble free. The Disi in many places forms rounded domelike shapes which may be due to exfoliation along pressure-relief joints. The Um Sahm Formation is highly fractured and similar in appearance to the Saleb.

Igneous rocks, where exposed below the sandstones, are undergoing chemical weathering, particularly along joints. The results are tors, tafoni, and large amounts of grüss.

The desert floor between inselbergs is in some places a bare bedrock surface with an integrated drainage network, and in other places a sand or playa surface. Running water seems to have been a major agent in shaping the floor, but is less important now than in the past. Transportation of sand by wind is common but there is no evidence for significant eolian aggradation or degradation at the present time.

A minimum rate of surface retreat by grain by grain weathering is 5 cm./1,000 years, based on weathering ofNabataean ruins. Overall slope retreat should be significantly greater, due to added effects of rockfall and removal of blocks by running water.