《文物》1961年1—12期目录索引

全国重点文物保护单位国务院关于发布文物保护管理暂行条例的 通知文物保护管理暂行条例国务院关于公布第一批全国重点文物保护 单位名单的通知第一批全国重店轰交物保护单位名单第一批全国重点文物保护单位中的古遣址和 古墓葬中国科学院考古研究所查料室第一批全国霓点文物保     

美国国家历史地标遴选与保护的思考 兼谈中国全国重点文物保护单位评定工作

美国国家历史地标~1是美国联邦政府从国家史迹登录名单中选出的、经过深入研究、严格审核,由内务部公布的具有重大历史价值和高度完整性的建筑物、遗址、构筑物等,其遴选程序具有清晰,责任明确,周期较短,管理严格等特点。中国的全国重点文物保护单位的评定,可从中吸取有益的经验。建议进一步完善国保单位公布周期、公布程序和申报流程;在强化各级文物行政部门职责的同时,调动社会力量参与申报和评审工作;加强监测,适时实行复核机制;加大对集体和私人所有的国保单位以及非文博系统国保单位的保护和支持;建设全国重点文物保护单位网络平台。     

全国重点文物保护单位统计特征分析与研究

我国共有766722处不可移动文物,其中价值突出、真实完整而被核定为全国重点文物保护(国保)单位的有5058处.我国国保单位体系完整、内涵深厚、分布广泛,其中古建筑最多,共计2162处,占总数的42.7％,其后依次是古遗址、近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑、古墓葬、石窟寺及石刻等.各类型文物在时空分布上的特点总体反映了各区域独特的文化面貌.分析国保单位的统计特征,研究文物的空间分布特点,有利于把握文物保护利用规律,推进文物领域治理体系和治理能力现代化.     

浅谈国保单位保护规划立项报告的编写

<正>我国文物保护事业发展如火如荼,各地全国重点文物保护单位(简称国保单位,下同)保护规划的编制如井喷之势,可以预见的是,未来对其审评程序将更加详细、严格。国保单位保护规划立项报告的通过与否直接决定了文保规划能否顺利进行,因此写好此立项报告显得越发重要。然而,国保单位保护规划的立项报告尚未公布统一的写作规范,目前立项报告的编写基本为相关规划编制资质单位根据各个国保单位的基础资料,结合各资质单位已有     

将文化遗产保护提升为基本国策

中国是世界文化遗产大国,五千年绵延不断的中华文明史,留下了数量众多、异彩纷呈的物质和非物质文化遗产。据历时5年的第三次全国文物普查数据显示,全国仅不可移动文物就有76万多处。近年来,社会各界的文化遗产保护意识逐渐加强。2013年,国务院核定公布第七批全国重点文物保护单位1943处,创下历次之最,国保单位总数达4296处;地方政府也相继公布了新一批省级、市县级文物保护单位,全国文保单位达到12万余处,     

南京博物院成功获批“纸质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地”

正国家文物局日前公布第五批国家文物局重点科研基地认定名单,南京博物院从45家申报单位中脱颖而出,以排名第一的佳绩成功获批"纸质文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地"。该基地的成立是国家文物局对南京博物院在文物保护领域研究水平的肯定与认可,对巩固和提升江苏在全国文化遗产保护领域的学术地位和影响将产生积极的作用。作为国家文物局纸质文物保护科研基地的依托单位,南京博物院将整合社会各方资源从全国纸质文物保护需要的高度,在更大的范围和平台上,紧密围绕纸质文物保护领域科学和技术发展战略,     

聚焦河北“国保” 助推旅游发展——以全国重点文物保护单位为切入点

本文以全国重点文物保护单位为切入点,对河北"国保"情况进行了简要说明,并对河北的旅游发展提出建议,期望借"国"字招牌,发挥"国保"优势,大力发展河北的文化旅游事业,让旅游者能够从中汲取历史文化精华,获得丰富的精神享受。     

卷首语

近日,国务院公布了第七批全国重点文物保护单位,其中山西181处,从而使“国保”单位总数从271处跃升到452处,依然领跑全国。这是山西文物事业的大喜事,也是一个令人鼓舞的大好事。公布“国保”单位是依法保护文化遗产的重要手段。而第七批“国保”单位的显著特点,是文物保护理念的拓展和全社会文物保护意识的显著增强。从公布第四批“国保”单位开始,以工业遗产、名人故居等为代表的近现代重要史迹及其代表性建筑成为新门类,并一直延续下来;     

保护宗教文物 建设和谐成都

成都是四川省省会,全省政治、经济、文化中心,国家级历史文化名城。成都的文物古迹极为丰富,有市级以上文物保护单位115处,其中全国重点文物保护单位26处,四川省级文物保护单位34处,成都市级文物保护单位55处。尚有待批的第七批省级文物保护单位40余处,待批的第四批成都市级文物傈护单位19处。     

把渤海上京遗址建成历史文化旅游胜地的几点构想

渤海上京城是唐代渤海国五京之一,在渤海存国的229年间,其两次为都长达160余年之久。遗址1961年3月4日被国务院公布为第一批全国重点文物保护单位,是我国现存最为完好的中世纪都城遗址,它真实地反映了唐代建筑的风格和特点。为研究我国唐代城市规划及都城建筑的形制提供了重要的实物凡例和参考佐证。     

Aspects of Archaeological Heritage in the Cultural Landscapes of Western Anatolia

Throughout the course of time, environments built within landscapes have been transformed into conserved archaeological heritage sites through natural, but mostly anthropogenic, forces. Today, cultural heritage is the product of visual and spatial features of architectural material and landscapes created through conservation, but also through social and economical needs and interests. In Western Anatolia, archaeological heritage sites with ecologically rich areas, countryside, coastlines and seascapes are the most essential visual, spatial and structural features of cultural (historical) landscapes. Moreover, western Anatolian landscapes have retained their authentic character regarding intangible cultural diversity, ecology, rural traditional systems and agricultural practices. However, rapid changes and developments due to urbanisation and mass tourism have made their impacts on cultural historical landscapes in recent years. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the cultural heritage within the evolution of cultural archaeological landscapes in Western Anatolia and to propose a sustainable approach for development and conservation options for cultural heritage and their landscapes.     

实践困境、国际经验与新文化保守主义的行动哲学——关于乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产保护的思考

2003年《保护非物质文化遗产公约》(以下简称《公约》)的出台与推行,令非物质文化遗产及其保护工作在世界范围内获得了广泛关注。这种关注不仅表现在《公约》缔约国数量的增加与各国相关实践的深入,也展现在《公约》及其相关国际文书中所强调的多边对话、相互尊重、以社区为中心等一系列由理念构成的工作原则在各缔约国保护实践中的逐步内化。只是在内化过程中,上述国际理念与缔约国复杂的文化事实磋磨出各种"水土不服"的现象。检省这些现象所展露的困境与经验,探讨其背后的新文化保守主义的行动哲学,有助于为非物质文化遗产保护的中国模式寻求更多的可能性,让上述理念不至变为囿束,转而成为推动中国乡村振兴与非物质文化遗产可持续发展的动力。     

论西安历史文化名城的可持续性保护

保护历史文化名城已为人们所普遍关注,可持续发展理念是处理发展与保护过程中矛盾的基本手段,为克服城市诸多矛盾与问题提供了基本的思路。文章分析了西安历史文化名城保护中的主要问题,指出西安应从城市的发展战略、规划布局、城市设计等方面统筹历史文化名城的保护,综合协调城市社会经济发展和历史文化遗产保护的关系,现代城市建设有机承继城市的历史文化精神。     

UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lenggong Valley,Malaysia: A Review of its Contemporary Heritage Management

This article reviews contemporary heritage management through a systematically coded content analysis at one of Malaysia’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites: the Archaeological Heritage of the Lenggong Valley (AHLV). It evaluates the competency of the preliminary Conservation Management Plan (CMP) of AHLV by looking at the accuracy of five distinctive dimensions of the CMP in conveying the information about the sites and management objectives: the legislation related to the heritage conservation and management; the action and implementation of the management strategies; the level of stakeholder’s participation; and, finally, how the CMP integrates local values and ideas into management planning. The results show that contemporary heritage management planning at Lenggong Valley tends to prioritize the conservation of the archaeological values of the sites over other values (i.e. social, historical, and aesthetic values), and that planning has largely been in the hands of governmental agencies with limited involvement from local communities in the decision-making process.     

文化遗产和旅游的可持续发展

旅游业给遗产保护与遗产地管理带来了机遇与挑战。旅游业对维护文化和自然遗产价值,对社会、当地群众及非物质文化遗产均有影响,也给当地遗产设施发展与保护带来机遇。联合国教科文组织始终致力于文化与自然遗产的保护与弘扬工作,开创有前瞻性的旅游业,承认文化多样性原则,强调旅游业在促进遗产保护等方面的有效作用。其创意城市网络主推的"善行旅游",严格遵循原真性与完整性的原则,通过对世界文化遗产、纪念碑、历史建筑、国家公园、博物馆等各类景区定期评估,提升公众关于新旅游产品及旅客稀少遗址的意识,提升参观者体验感受等多种行动,改善人群福利,保护自然和文化遗产,促进经济和社会发展,从而有利于文化遗产保护与旅游业可持续发展。     

中国国家线性文化遗产网络构建

全球化与快速城市化背景下,中华大地上的文化遗产受到了前所未有的威胁与破坏,特别是在国家历史上对维护国家政治稳定、经济发展、社会进步与文化交流发挥过重要作用的线性文化遗产亟待引起重视并得到系统保护。本文着重探讨了国家线性文化遗产网络的构建途径。通过将文献研究与专家问卷德尔斐法相结合,判别出了由19个线性文化遗产约250,000km线性要素所构成的国家线性文化遗产网络。以期在国土尺度上建立一个集生态与文化保护、休闲游憩、审美启智与教育等多功能为一体的线性文化遗产网络,在中华大地上形成一个彰显民族身份、延续历史文脉、保障人地关系和谐的文化"安全格局"。     

Talking to others: analysing tourists’ communications on cultural heritage experiences

In the area of cultural heritage, tourists’ experiences emphasise not only the moment and its personal nature but also socio-cultural traits. These experiences when expressed (social communications) are an important gateway to knowledge about tourists’ sense-making processes. This paper reports on the mediation between tourists and heritage sites via comments on a digital platform (TripAdvisor) about two Spanish tourist destinations with opposing characteristics and four heritage sites, which are analysed. The methodology used seeks to transcend the individual and anecdotal aspects of tourists’ comments. Indeed, the results obtained show the relevance of the humanisation and the discursive weight of heritage contexts in emotional/personal stories. Tendencies observed in non-regulated contexts confirm the role of a complex negotiation at cultural heritage sites and highlight the need to explore possible exchanges of sense in tourists’ encounters with such sites.     

The securitisation of cultural heritage

ABSTRACT

It is not a novelty for art to come under attack: cultural heritage has always been endangered by wars, conflicts and political violence. Since the last century, the international community has started reacting, moved by the concern that these threatened monuments be protected. Lately, cultural heritage can be seen to undergo a veritable crescendo from politicisation to criminalisation and securitisation. Accordingly, this article seeks to analyse the pathway that characterises the international protection of cultural heritage in crisis-torn contexts, employing a discursive lens and mapping the narrative threads that the main international actors have constructed in reaction to recent attacks on archaeological sites (i.e. Palmyra) and historical artefacts, especially in the Middle East (namely Syria and Iraq). After having traced this process, we will offer a tentative explanation of what we consider a process of securitising an under-researched field (i.e. cultural heritage).     

Rethinking authenticity in the implementation of China's heritage conservation: the case of Hongcun Village

Authenticity is a constructive concept and the core principle for protection of cultural heritage, but it is also a controversial issue, along with its practice in different geographical and cultural contexts. Both the heritage management system and its authenticity principles are not indigenous, but were developed in western society and exported from western countries. As a result, conflicts arise with its implementation and therefore often lead to counterintuitive behaviors. This paper examines the heritage conservation process in the case of Hongcun by applying the social constructionism theory. The paper attempts to point out that both the heritage and the authenticity principles are socially constructed concepts and that the construction process is very much influenced by the power relationships involved. Authenticity in Hongcun is an implementation of the principle of material, static, and superficial style understandings, while less attention is paid to the non-material cultural heritage protection, which is especially reflected in the neglect and the development restrictions on local craft and folk art. The study shows that there is a need to be aware of the nature of the constructiveness and power relationships in the heritage management and to integrate local voices in the heritage conservation process to avoid conflicts and to achieve conservation goals.     

Impediments to a human rights-based approach to heritage conservation: the case of Bagan,Myanmar

The recognition of human rights at stake in and around World Heritage sites has led to an increased interest in the adoption of a human rights-based approach to heritage conservation. This approach is understood to address issues of social justice and enable a more sustainable form of heritage conservation. However, research at the historic and religious site Bagan in Myanmar shows various conceptual, practical and political hurdles that need to be addressed before this approach can effectively be adopted. Challenges can be found on local, national and regional scales and include the interpretation of cultural rights and conflicting rights, the contentiousness of human rights language and the lack of capacity to hold violators accountable. These impediments are relevant beyond Myanmar and demonstrate that the effectiveness of a human rights-based approach to heritage conservation is highly context-dependent.