读《洛阳伽蓝记》论北魏洛阳的寺院园林

北魏洛阳的寺院园林是中国园林的重要组成部分,其树种开始呈现出驳杂的 气象,因花草的种植,使寺院园林呈现出庭院的特色。寺院园林的构成有两种形式,其一为园林 与寺庙建筑融为一体;其二因达官贵人的佞佛,往往舍宅为寺,使寺院园林也具有了达官贵人 园林的特色。寺院园林的昌盛与北魏的精神风貌和价值取向是密不可分的。     

山水画画法下传统园林廊道的空间结构分析

山水画所独有的卧游与畅神的绘画法应用于传统园林中形成了“游”的空间,将这种空间形式与我国传统的戏剧空间进行比较,可以发现戏剧、园林、山水画在空间结构上有诸多相似点,即动静结合。在动与静互相映衬之下,园林将会呈现出与山水画一样的时间关系,而在园林廊道的曲折和景物的设置下,“游”的时间控制得以实现,因此形成了独特的园林空间结构。     

探讨园林古建筑的修缮与保护

园林古建筑的修缮与保护不仅是古文化的一种重要载体形式,而且通过这些园林古建筑,能够实现对古时期政治、经济等各方面内容的了解。本文针对园林古建筑的修缮与保护进行分析,在具体修缮保护措施落实时,必须要遵循适度性以及原真性的基本原则,同时还要加强对相关管理制度的制定和落实,实现对这些园林古建筑的保护和传承。     

赵烈文与常熟赵园建造记

常熟市赵园(今与曾园合称"曾赵园")为江苏省级文物保护单位,其园林格局呈现为山园一体、借景虞山、以水取胜的特点,在江南园林中别具一格。在中国园林史上,很少有一个园林能像赵园这样,以园主日记的形式留下如此丰富、感性的历史信息,可供后人一窥当年江南士大夫营造园林风尚。文章根据清代赵烈文《能静居日记》,考论了赵园长达22年的建造全程。     

关于古典园林对现代景观设计的思考

古典园林在建筑史上占据着重要地位,尤其是中国古典园林在人文环境与自然风景的结合方面有着独特的造诣,己成为世界景观建筑史上的重要篇章。现代设计师要从古典园林中学习的不仅是形式,更重要的是方法。     

高职院校《园林绘画》课程教学研究

园林绘画是园林技术专业一门基础必修课,需要将传统美术绘画技法与园林技术专业设计相结合来培养学生的实践能力及创造性思维。本文对园林专业园林绘画教学进行了分析,通过以下几方面探讨具有实践性与交叉性的特色园林绘画教学方法,包括强化美术鉴赏、培养想象力和创造性思维、增加手绘技能训练及创造有利于美术学习的外部环境与氛围等等。     

中国古典园林置石艺术在现代园林中应用的思考

随着时代的发展,社会的进步,中国园林发生了根本性的变革,无论是园林的服务对象、表现形式还是人们的审美要求等都发生了巨大的变化。但是对于石头的喜爱,依然没有改变,对石的理解：“石为永恒不老的介质,不受时间限制的,汇聚历史的,令过去与现在相连的主题。”园林中对于石材的应用形式也在不断的发展,加之我国古典园林注重以塑山为主的纵向叠山工艺,现代园林出现更多的是以组石为景的横向置石艺术。     

《文化南京丛书》第六辑

这是一套以继承、弘扬南京园林文化为旨意的丛书,由《玄武湖史话》《莫愁湖史话》《清凉山史话》和《幕燕史话》四本书组成。四本书分别从不同的层面揭示了南京园林文化的特色和底蕴,展示了玄武湖、莫愁湖、清凉山、幕府山－燕子矶的风采和神韵,填补了南京园林历史文化的空白。     

以豫园为例,详析中国古典园林的主要特色

我国古典园林在其形成的那天起,就同山水画、山水诗有着密切的血缘关系,它在世界的园林体系中属自然山水式园林。 中国园林发端于殷商,觉醒于魏晋,成熟于唐宋,兴盛于明清。其中魏晋南北朝在中国园林史上是一个重要的转折点,它抛弃了以宫室楼阁为主,禽兽充满囿中的形式,而继承了古代“三山一池”的传统,并迅速向自然山水园方向发展。当时文人和士大夫受到政治动乱和佛、道出世     

枯山水景观源流探析

中国江南园林与日本枯山水庭园为东亚园林的两朵奇葩。伴随着丝绸之路文化的东渐,日本园林在中国园林的基础上不断创新、发展。对于将禅宗思想融于整个民族精神的日本来说,枯山水庭园更可谓是日本禅寺园林,乃至成为日本古典园林中最具代表性的园林之一。本文从日本枯山水庭园的历史背景、理水手法、审美思想与禅学意境三个方面进行了分析,以期能对今后佛教文化园区禅寺景观设计及中国古典园林的发展提供借鉴。     

Gardens and the Bush: Gardeners’ Attitudes,Garden Types and Invasives

Garden plants that invade native vegetation can be a threat to native ecosystems. The species composition of gardens near the bush in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia is shown to relate to environmental variation and the attitudes of gardeners to their recreation, to native plants and to the bush. Four types of gardens are discriminated: the species‐poor shrub garden; the local native garden; the woodland garden; and the gardenesque. A group of gardeners who valued functional gardens, and the hard work in creating a garden, largely produced gardenesque outcomes. A strongly conservationist group of gardeners had native, woodland or shrub gardens. A group of gardeners who valued romance and privacy largely had woodland gardens. A small group of gardeners who liked gardens to create themselves, and preferred to minimize the act of gardening, tended to the shrub garden outcome. Plant species that invade the bush are least frequent in the more manicured shrub and gardenesque styles of garden than in the more informal local native and woodland gardens, in a dissonance between expressed attitudes and outcomes. Most of the most invasive weeds in the bush are shown to be independent of their occurrence in adjacent gardens, suggesting that integrated control programs involving both all gardeners within dispersal range, and bush managers, are necessary. The existence of a small number of respondents who see benefits in environmental weeds in their gardens, suggests that such programs would be ineffective without regulation, a solution offered by no respondent. However, regulation might be ineffective without community understanding, the raising of which was the main solution suggested by the interviewed gardeners.     

The garden as a laboratory: the role of domestic gardens as places of scientific exploration in the long 18th century

Eighteenth-century gardens have traditionally been viewed as spaces designed for leisure, and as representations of political status, power and taste. In contrast, this paper will explore the concept that gardens in this period could be seen as dynamic spaces where scientific experiment and medical practice could occur. Two examples have been explored in the pilot study which has led to this paper — the designed landscapes associated with John Hunter’s Earl’s Court residence, in London, and the garden at Edward Jenner’s house in Berkeley, Gloucestershire. Garden history methodologies have been implemented in order to consider the extent to which these domestic gardens can be viewed as experimental spaces.     

略论文徵明《拙政园图咏》

本文论述了与传世的明文徵明《拙政园图咏》的三个相关问题:文徵明与拙政园主人王献臣的密切关系;文徵明没有直接参与拙政园的设计;现存《拙政园图咏》虽有存疑处但依然无确凿证据说明其伪。     

建福宫花园建筑历史沿革考

建福宫花园位于紫禁城西北部的建福宫后,为原乾西五所中之四、五所所在地,于乾隆七年改建成建福宫花园,由于初建的建福宫花园有许多不尽人意之处,之后又陆续添建碧琳馆、慧曜楼,改建玉壶冰等建筑,至乾隆二十三年花园方总体告罄。本文试梳理出建福宫花园建筑的历史沿革,分析其改建、添建的原因,并探讨建福宫花园的使用情况。     

Discovery of a Saxon Interment at Long Wittenham

Plans for garden-restoration by English Heritage at Kirby Hall provided the opportunity to increase the understanding of the site by combining the consolidation of its physical remains with a detailed archaeological examination. The results from investigation carried out between 1987–94 contribute important evidence for the development of the series of formal gardens from Elizabethan origins towards an apogee in the late seventeenth century, when they enjoyed the reputation of being among the finest gardens in England. The creation of the Great Garden and its terraces caused a major transformation of scene at around the beginning of the seventeenth century. Preparatory clearance and other earthmoving involved the demolition of part of the old village of Kirby, though some remains became incorporated in the new West Terrace and a mount preserved part of the site of the former church and associated graveyard. Alterations and later remodelling attest changes in gardening fashion, culminating towards the end of the century when surrounding walls were pulled down, architectural features were moved, and the West Terrace was given the appearance of a grass-covered bank. At the same time the adjacent garden floor was relaid with designs picked out in cutwork. A range of contemporary documents corroborates the impression of an increase in gardening activity and elsewhere the results of other excavation, allied with widespread geophysical prospection and other analytical non-destructive field survey, provide evidence of further garden-areas, different usage, and the overall landscape effect. In addition, a series of lost structural features associated with the Elizabethan and later house has been identified. The scale of investigation and its results arguably place the research at Kirby Hall in the vanguard of Garden Archaeology as a particular discipline, and it is therefore opportune to review the value of such types of investigation.     

有价值的乌托邦--对霍华德田园城市理论的一种认识

19世纪末英国社会改革家埃比尼泽·霍华德提出的田园城市理论 ,不仅是城市规划的理论 ,还是关于社会改革的学说。它针对 19世纪工业化、城市化给城市带来的弊病而提出 ,具有丰厚的历史文化和社会背景 ,以及多种社会改革学说的渊源。田园城市理论虽具有很强的乌托邦色彩 ,但至今仍对城市和社会发展有借鉴意义。     

唐代园林别业考补

本文在李浩先生所著《唐代园林别业考论》一书的基础上,从唐宋笔记小说。两《唐书》中新辑录出唐人所营构的园林别业１１处,在确定了其业主和地点的同时,研究了各园林别业的选建环境和内部景物建构的大致情况,对全面深入地了解唐代园林别业的类型、特点及地理分布有一定的帮助。     

The Protestant Garden Tomb in Jerusalem,Englishwomen, and a Land Transaction in Late Ottoman Palestine

Abstract

In 1894 the Garden Tomb Association concluded the purchase of a small property outside of the Old City of Jerusalem. The site in question was known as 'Skull Hill' or 'Gordon's Calvary' and was reputed to be the real site of the burial place of Jesus. This case study of a land transaction in Ottoman Jerusalem reveals several important themes from the period. The purchase by foreigners of sites in Palestine was a circuitous process that sometimes involved the intervention of foreign consuls and it sheds light on the Ottoman land laws. The Garden Tomb, a unique property, was part of a larger process of the development of new holy places in Palestine by Europeans. Lastly, the association that purchased the site was primarily funded, initiated and run by notable English women, illustrating their increasing involvement in 19th century religious and activist movements.     

Garden plants in medieval Iberia: the archaeobotanical evidence

Of all the plants that were used in early medieval times, many were grown in gardens and orchards and contributed to the subsistence of medieval communities. Archaeobotany provides direct evidence of the range of species used either for food or for other purposes. In this contribution, we explore the evidence of garden produce in early medieval Iberia focusing on archaeobotanical data. First, we will analyse the available data, taking into consideration different types of preservation. Second, we will examine the diversity of species, trying to establish the uses and purposes of the taxa identified. Finally, we will discuss results within the better‐known wider European context.     

圆明园新证——麴院风荷考

麴院风荷是圆明园四十景之一,也是乾隆南巡以前出现在圆明园中的西湖十景的代表作。作为九州与福海两大复合景区之间的过渡,因植物景观数典余杭麴院风荷而得名,实际是一处融合了多重意境和主题,因时、因地制宜的再创作。其理景造境与中国古代哲学理论述而不作,信而好古、温故知新等一脉相承,与当代西方哲学思潮——解释学之间也有相通、相近之处,是乾隆初年圆明园江南题材风景创作的突出典例。