Tibet's socio-economic development in 2004

According to the spokesmanJigme Dorje,head ofthe Statistics Department of the Tibet AutonomousRegion on a conference convenced by the Informa-tion Office of the TAR on March 29,2005,Tibet'sGDP reached 21.54 billion yuan (RMB) in 2004,anincrease of 12.2% from the previous year at compa-rable prices.Of this total,the primary industry was4.333 billion yuan,up 4.9% over the previous year,thevalue-added of secondary industy was 5.761 billionyuan,up 17.4%,while the value-added of tertiary in-dustry was     

藏族苯教文化中的冈底斯神山解读

本文认为,在藏族的苯教文化中,冈底斯神山占有重要的地位。由于特殊的地理位置、俊美奇险的山形以及宗教、历史、神话和传说所赋予的神秘感,使冈底斯山具有了强烈的感召力、诱惑力,对它的崇拜和祭祀,已经成为千百年来藏族永恒不变的情结。     

近代华北农村人口消长及其流动——兼论黄宗智“没有发展的增长”说

清代咸丰朝以后 ,华北四省的人口数量一直呈增长趋势 ,这一地区出现了人满为患的局面。严重的人口压力和由此产生的谋求基本生存条件的迫切需要 ,造成了华北地区人口成百万地向东北和内蒙古地区迁移。在人口压力的驱动下 ,近代华北农村技术经济作物的扩大 ,亦农亦商的普遍趋向 ,以副补农的普遍存在等 ,都可以视为农业经济发展的表征。判断明清以来中国农业有无发展 ,并不能仅仅局限于单位工作日劳动生产率的狭窄范畴。衡量农业发展的标准 ,应当包括生产力和生产关系两个方面     

社会变革与当代农村婚姻家庭变动研究的回顾和思考

文章着重就开展社会变革与当代农村婚姻家庭变动研究的意义 ,迄今这方面研究的状态、不足 ,分析视角等作了初步考察。指出 1 940～ 1 990年是中国农村社会变革最剧烈的时期 ,农民的婚姻家庭行为所受触动之大是史无前例的。目前完整经历过社会变革影响的人口群体和调查对象日渐萎缩和减少 ,因而非常有必要加大对这一研究的投入。     

Recollections on Tibet's Fight Against British Invasio n in Gyangze

After the peaceful liberation ofTibet in 1951,and in conformity with the treaty signed on April 29,1954 on trade andtraffic between the two governments,China revoked all the privileges Indiahad enjoyed in Tibet that were passed     

邓小平在西藏和平解放过程中的地位和作用

邓小平在西藏和平解放过程中的地位和作用 ,可以分为两大方面 :一是他结合西藏具体情况 ,主持制定了成为“十七条协议”基本依据和框架的十大政策 ,深刻体现了民族平等思想和民族区域自治思想 ;二是围绕坚定不移和平解放西藏的方针 ,遵照毛泽东的指示 ,和贺龙等西南军区领导人一起 ,有理、有利、有节地指挥打好打开和平大门的昌都战役 ,并对入藏部队“加以特殊的政治训练” ,为“十七条协议”的贯彻和执行呕心沥血。这一切 ,是他民族思想的深刻体现。     

A Contemporary Archaeology of Cultural Change in Rural North-Western Spain: From Traditional Domesticity to Postmodern Individualisation

This paper explores the built environment in two rural areas of Northwest Spain that were historically inhabited by two of the so-called “cursed peoples.” Combining contemporary archaeology and material culture studies, we analyze the role played by the house in processes of socio-economic and cultural change, and in the reproduction of internal hegemony within villages. To do so, we study the tensions and connections existing between the transformations undergone by the built environment during the last century and different socio-economic processes, including the depopulation of the rural areas, their conversion into tourist attractions, and the current process of individualisation of subjectivity in line with the transformations taking place in the postmodern era.     

Trade Liberalization and Prudential Regulation: The International Framework for Financial Services

This article provides an overview of the issues involved in international efforts to open and restructure markets for financial services and to ensure adequate regulation and supervision of financial firms. It discusses the liberalization in the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), the first global trade agreement to cover financial and other services, and the roles of various international fora in strengthening national regulatory and supervisory systems and enhancing cooperation and coordination between supervisors. The article emphasizes that measures to liberalize trade in financial services and measures to strengthen prudential regulation and supervision are complementary and mutually reinforcing.     

Calendars Tell History: Social Rhythm and Social Change in Rural Pakistan

Time is an important element of social organization. The temporal models such as the calendar provide social rhythm by regulating various activities. The changing ways of managing time are indicative of social change. This paper presents the changing use of different calendars in Jhokwala Village, Lodhran District, Pakistan. Three calendars are used in most parts of the Punjab to varying degrees for various purposes. These are Bikrami, Islamic Hijri and Gregorian calendars. Each of these calendars has a specific history of use. This paper highlights that people choose between various alternatives in the course of history and the changing use of calendars tells the story of change and continuity in culture and people's attitude towards modern technology and social change.     

三元结构与中国乡村城市化模式选择

二十多年的改革开放使我国经济发展取得了长足进步,但作为现代化的一个重要标志,城市化在我国却依然举步维艰。城市分割,既对农村雪展造成伤害,也不利于城市本身的长远进步。可以说,没有大量的劳动力从农村转移出来,就不会有中国的真正现代化。因此,这一问题的核心不是中国要不要城市化,而是采取何种方式城市化。本要探讨的 问题正在于此。     

Air Services in Australia: Growth and Corporate Change, 1921–1996

The growth of Australian internal passenger airlines in the seventy-five years between 1921 and 1996 has been spectacular with 381 airlines having been part of this evolution. The end of 1996 saw 44 passenger airlines operating, but the nine that made up the two principal airline families performed 98 per cent of total passenger-kilometres. This paper considers the factors which have moulded the industry and the changes which have occurred in its corporate structure, especially those that led to the formation of the present duopoly. The growth of the industry has not resulted in marked spatial changes apart from a 48 per cent decline in the number of airports served since 1963–64. The proportion of total traffic passing through the busier airports has increased over the last thirty years.     

Transitions in Payments for Ecosystem Services in Guatemala: Embedding Forestry Incentives into Rural Development Value Systems

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) programmes increasingly reflect multiple stakeholder demands and rarely operate in market form. In Guatemala, the earliest forestry incentives — a form of PES — benefited larger landowners and functioned as subsidies for both extractive forest production and ecosystem services. Smallholders and indigenous communal land managers in Guatemala campaigned for PES programmes to meet their needs, leading to the creation of a second programme that focuses on improving rural development, coupled with ecosystem services. This article examines how these historically marginalized groups have used PES as an opportunity to engage with the state and demand embedded development that more strongly reflects their values of forests and their desired relationship with the Guatemalan state. As a result of this activism, these Guatemalan forestry incentives reach smallholders more successfully than PES programmes in many other countries. However, more far-reaching changes in land use are tempered by power imbalances and structural inequalities that are unaddressed and, in fact, reinforced by PES programmes, such as underfunding, narrow conceptions of land ownership, and unequal representation.     

Interview with Village Leaders (II):Political Legal and Public Services in Rural Tibet

Soinam Wozhub: Old Village Head Who Has Worries Temtog(them-thog) Town of Zugong County is famous in the area along the Sichuan-Tibet Highway largely because it contains the ancient Zugong(mdzo- sgang) Monastery. The presence of the monastery first attracted many visitors and gradually helped to create a local community and market. The government of Zugong County operated in the village before the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951. While the Tibetan Areas Development Study Group o…     

国民党政府时期农村合作社组织变迁的制度分析

本的主要目的在于考察国民党政府时期合作社组织变迁的历史过程,重点分析组织变迁的绩效及其存在的主要制度缺陷。     

Air Services at Australian Cities: Change and Inertia 2005–2010

This research analyses international and domestic air services in Australia during a six year period, 2005–2010. We place air services into their urban context by relating them to city‐based measures such as population, tourism, and producer services employment among other measures. The research takes a supply‐side approach in an assessment of international and domestic capacity at major Australian airports from the perspective of the number of seats, the nature of links, and competition. Multiple linkage analysis and the concept of effective competitors allow us to explore this perspective at greater depth. Our findings show substantial changes in international patterns, specifically favouring Melbourne, Perth, and Gold Coast. In contrast, the domestic scene is characterised by little change, an outcome we link to the underlying stability in the settlement system and the location of some major economic activities. While the results are related to our measures of urban characteristics, some special region‐specific aspects are also at work. Finally, in both the international and domestic cases we find evidence of greater airline diversity which may benefit consumers.     

The Politics of Financial Services Liberalization: The Case of the Canadian Investment Dealer Industry

The purpose of this paper is to explain the factors and processes which, in 1986–87, gave rise to the decisions by the Canadian federal and provincial (Ontario and Quebec) regulatory authorities to liberalize entry into, and ownership of, the investment dealer industry in Canada. These decisions, rather narrowly based as they were, nonetheless would be a watershed with respect to the subsequent deregulation of the traditional four-pillar structure of the Canadian financial services industry. The traditional four pillars-which were legally and functionally separated-comprised the chartered banks, the trust and mortgage loan companies, the life insurance industry, and the investment dealers. lhe liberalization decisions by the governments permitted the other elements of the four pillars, and nonresidents as well, to have equity participations in member firms of the securities industry. This represented a fundamental reversal of the beliefs, values, and ideas surrounding the low-pillars doctrine. The period of history examined extends from 1969 to 1987.     

A Glinnpse in Tibetan Rural Area

The Folk Orthopedists
Touring in Tsethang of Lhoka Prefecture for about several days, occasionally I heard people chat a folk doctor who was unbelievable outstanding and good at medical care since he had already successful treated enumerable patients.     

Interview With Village Leaders (IV):Political,Legal and Public Services in Rural Tibet

Sainted Naxi ethnic group village head Gongqoi Zhaxi Located at southeast corner of Tibet, Yanjin (tsha-kha)is close to Yunnan Province. It is a well- known place in Tibet for several reasons. First, this place produces well salt differing from the lake salt in northern Tibet. The salt produced here is formed by isolating salty water fetched from wells beside the Lancangjiang River in salt ponds. Second, in Yanjin, there is a unique Catholic church, and there are many Tibetan people who …