Remembering an Industrial Landscape

Abandoned industrial factories and decaying communities have become a common sight in many places throughout the western world. Since the beginning of the postindustrial age communities have needed to make decisions about how to deal with these industrial landscapes. The celebration and interpretation of these places become important in a region's heritage. The struggle between labor and capital to control the meaning of the past is ongoing. Often, when under the control of government agencies, the story of labor is overshadowed by the benefits of industrial and engineering feats. Working-class histories, which are readily available for public interpretation, are omitted or downplayed in an industrial site's official memory.Virginius Island, located in Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, is one example where a working-class history is available for public interpretation, although the park continues to promote industrial heritage over working-class heritage. While archaeological investigations over the past several decades on the island have mainly focused on recovering signatures of its industry, recent work has explored the lives of the workers and their families who toiled in this industrial community. The latest effort to stabilize above-ground ruins that continues into the early twenty-first century has concentrated exclusively on the industrial sites. The interpretation of the island and the development of trails have made many of the industrial ruins accessible to the public. Today the National Park Service spends considerable time protecting, stabilizing, and interpreting the industrial sites on the park's landscape. It is obvious that the histories fading from the official memory are those that belong to the craft-oriented and working-class community.     

Historiography: an introduction

This introduction precedes the four papers given in October 2000 in Copenhagen on analysing problems in the history of the neurosciences. The term historiography can be defined in different ways but means the study, and not simply the writing, of history. Although it goes back two millennia, it is a rapidly developing field as illustrated by the subsequent contributions.     

塑造企业型政府

本指出,从我国国情出发,借鉴西方政府管理体制改革的经验,大胆突破封闭式的政府管理模式,倡导企业家精神,塑造企业型政府,是一条从根本上改革我国传统的政府管理体制的新路子。     

Building an inclusive peace is an uneven socio-spatial process: Colombia's differential approach

Colombia is struggling to implement what is far and away the world's most inclusive peace accord. As such, it is a useful case for thinking about what peace means, how it means different things to different people, and how to build peace across difference. Geographers widely agree that peace is an ongoing spatial process that varies across time and space, but have paid less attention to how it varies across groups within space. Social inequalities like race, gender, and sexuality are spatialized. They operate in and through space in interlocking ways, and looking at inclusion issues can strengthen understandings of how peace space is made. Attempts to build more inclusive peaces can also be strengthened by understanding and addressing the uneven socio-spatial processes involved.     

契丹小字《耶律副部署墓志铭》考释

契丹小字<耶律副部署墓志铭>(以下简称<署志>)1996年9月出土于内蒙古自治区阿鲁科尔沁旗罕苏木朝克图山的耶律祺家族墓地二号墓.墓志现藏于内蒙古文物考古研究所.志盖,正面的斜面刻十二生肖像,中央台面没有刻字(图一).背面刻契丹小字27行(图二).志石刻契丹小字21行(图三).二石共刻契丹小字51行.出土情况已有报导1.现对墓志作一考释.如有不妥之处,尚希诸家博雅不吝赐教.     

The Value of an Ocean View: an Example of Hedonic Property Amenity Valuation

This paper presents a method of quantifying variation in quality in an amenity as a component of an hedonic property amenity valuation. The paper considers the residential land amenity of an ocean view, a situation where there is typically substantial variation in the quality of the view between sites. The method is effectively a scoring system based on three sub-characteristics of the ocean view. It is illustrated by application to a coastal housing subdivision in Western Australia. The results provide an estimate of the increase in the sale price of a site attributable to the quality of the site’s ocean view. The method has a potential role in coastal land use management decisions.     

Constitutional change: an explanation

This paper first distinguishes the explicit changes that have been made in the text of the Italian constitution from others that have affected how constitutional balances work (e.g. new electoral laws), before considering both together. The turning point in both cases was 1989 and the transition from the first to the second Italian political party system. Down to that time the first system that originated in the Cold War fractures in Italian politics remained in force with only marginal and incremental changes. After 1989, however, both Italy's highly centralized structure and its system of proportional representation were called into question, resulting in the constitutional reform of 2001 that increased the powers of the regions and the electoral law reforms (which were not changes to the constitution). In both cases the consequences of these changes have proved to be contradictory, which is why reform of the Senate is now being contemplated to make the project for increasing the powers of regional and local government more coherent, as well as the form of government and the electoral laws in ways that will produce the majorities needed to make governments more cohesive and stable.     

Stories Behind an Ancient Cypress

The cypress is located in a Bon religious monastery in the west of the Nyingchi County seat. Built in 1332, Gushiu Monastery was erected by Dordain Riba Zhuse. Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the chaotic "cultural revolution" (1966-76). Thanks to efforts of Tangke Gyamco and other Bon religious followers in Aba of Sichuan Province, it was     

作为教育方法的博物馆

博物馆是具有教育职能的公共机构,在传递文化知识、促进理性启蒙和创新教育方式等方面发挥重要作用.博物馆为拓展学校教育之外的教育方法体系提供了一个新的实践领域,博物馆呈现的不仅是一种特殊形式的教育,而且它本身可以被视为教育方法.空间、物件和记忆共同构成博物馆的教育叙事,丰富了教育实践的文化经验.当前,如何将博物馆介入教育实践活动成为博物馆工作者亟待深思的问题.这种思考无疑将对博物馆的知识组织方式以及文化理念的创新提出新的要求,勾勒出博物馆教育的未来图景.当博物馆工作者将意义生成性、开放互动性和文化实践性融入博物馆教育的肌理深处时,作为教育方法的博物馆才能真正彰显其独特的教育意义并服务于社会.     

Therapy for an ailing subdiscipline

Robert A. LeVine. Culture, Behavior, and Personality: An Introduction to the Comparative Study of Psychosocial Adaptation. Chicago: Aldine, 1973. xiv + 319 pp. Tables, references, and index. $12.50.     

How to Be an Intentionalist

The general aim of this paper is to establish the plausibility of a postfoundational intentionalism. Its specific aim is to respond to criticisms of my work made by Vivienne Brown in a paper "On Some Problems with Weak Intentionalism for Intellectual History." Postfoundationalism is often associated with a new textualism according to which there is no outside to the text. In contrast, I suggest that postfoundationalists can legitimate our postulating intentions, actions, and other historical objects outside of the text. They can do so by reference to, first, philosophical commitments to general classes of objects, and, second, inference to the best explanation with respect to particular objects belonging to such classes. This postfoundational intentionalism sets up a suitable context within which to address Brown's more specific questions.     

我作讲解员的体会

文物是联系古代与现代的信息载体。文物讲解是文物宣传工作的重要组成部分,是沟通观众与文物之间的桥梁与纽带。只有准确、生动、富有艺术感染力的讲解,才能使观众加深对参观内容的理解,在增长文化知识的同时