关于文博机构吸纳社会财力的思考

博物馆持续发展问题长期以来困扰着中外博物馆界。在中国,由于计划经济快速向市场经济转变,博机构发展的问题显得更加迫切。自20世纪90年代后期以来,物与博物馆界人士就热衷探讨如何吸纳社会财力支持物和博物馆事业持续发展的问题,各级政府也赞成这种倡议。     

Thinking about security in Africa

This article attempts to clarify some of the central questions and distinctions that provide the necessary backdrop for thinking in a sophisticated way about security in Africa. Drawing on the developing Critical Security Studies literature it suggests that an understanding of security based on people, justice and change offers the surest route to a stable future. It then sketches preliminary answers to some fundamental questions, namely: whose security should be prioritized? How have security dynamics in Africa been influenced by the wider processes driving world politics? What clusters of threats are the most salient? Where do such threats have the most pernicious effects? Which actors are best placed to alleviate those threats? And what sort of institutions should be built to assist in that process? The role of outsiders concerned with promoting security on the continent should be to try to ensure that as many Africans as possible are able to voice their opinions on these crucial issues.     

Insect invaders,seasonality and transhumant pastoralism in the Icelandic shieling economy

Abstract

The seasonal movement of people and animals to summer farms, or shielings in outfield pastures was a key element of Iceland's farming practice for over a millennium. At these sites, cattle and sheep husbandry, dairying and the harvesting of outfield resources took place. Despite their central role in the Icelandic economy, evidence for shielings in the landscape is ambiguous and the identification of a site as a shieling, as opposed to a farm, has relied upon written and place name evidence. The Norse colonists introduced a range of insects in their fodder, stored food, dunnage and ballast. Many of these are unable to live under natural conditions in Iceland and are dependent on people for survival. In 1991 Buckland and Sadler suggested that these species might be expected to be absent at shielings, as the sweepstake of their introduction and the seasonal hiatus in occupation would preclude their successful colonisation. This paper presents new evidence from a sub-fossil insect assemblage, which indicates that some of these insects are present at an Icelandic shieling. The implications of this for discerning the materials imported to shielings and the usefulness of Coleoptera for the identification of seasonality in the North Atlantic is discussed.     

对保护青海冬虫夏草资源的思考

青海冬虫夏草生长于高寒高海拔区,其独特的药用和营养价值深受国内外消费者的青睐,需求量不断增加,价格一路攀升,随之在冬虫夏草资源开发利用和管理中出现了一些不容忽视的问题。加强冬虫夏草资源管理,对于保护草原生态,全面实现冬虫夏草资源持续开发利用,有效提高虫草产区社会经济协调发展和增加农牧民收入具有重要意义。     

沙滩文化资源利用探析

沙滩文化是贵州地域文化发展的典型代表。认清沙滩文化资源的利用特点,充分发掘其利用价值。把文化资源优势转化为经济社会发展的优势,具有十分重要的现实意义。     

关于翼城县史志工作的思考

山西省翼城县史志办从一个条件恶劣、无人愿去的“差”单位 ,在短短两年间变成一个班子团结、干劲十足、人人羡慕的“好”部门 ,其间的酸甜苦辣与辉煌成果 ,非常值得思考与总结。现刊发翼城县史志办主任赵宝金一文 ,以期引起志界关注和探讨。     

Thinking through positionality in post-socialist politics: Researching contemporary social movements in Ukraine

ABSTRACT

This article argues that heterogeneity among leftist political activists in Ukraine creates new spaces for investigation of social movements in post-socialist spaces. It suggests that the researcher’s positionality impacts how this diversity is seen, interpreted, and analyzed. Drawing from scholarship on engaged anthropology and ethnographic research during the 2013–2014 Euromaidan mobilizations, I show how fragmentation among leftists had a dual influence, sometimes encouraging leftists to move beyond difference to avoid alienation, and other times creating greater fractures that limited the creation of alternative social projects.     

关于地方志若干基本概念的思考

迄今为止 ,地方志的一些基本概念的内涵未能明晰规范 ,涉及地方志指导工作的用语、方志学科的完善及方法理论研究等许多问题。因而有必要对地方志基本概念进行较为系统的梳理 ,进一步规范这些词语的使用。本文以历次全国地方志工作会议上领导同志讲话中的有关提法为例 ,参照他处的用法 ,尝试归纳出“地方志”、“方志”、“志书”、“志”等几个基本概念的释义 ,进而提出对地方志定义的看法以及地方志工作条例中使用“地方志”一词的定义表述意见。     

Donkey trade: Challenges to sustaining mutualism in rural Pakistan

The Pakistani government's decision to export thousands of donkeys to China to manufacture Chinese traditional medicine (ejiao) threatens the interdependence between donkeys and their keepers. This article seeks to unravel the mutualism between humans and donkeys in rural South Punjab and examines how forces of globalism and capitalism commodify the equine through parasitic disregard.     

Early farming in Europe 1

Barker, Graeme. Prehistoric Farming in Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. xviii + 327 pp. including illustrations, bibliography, and site and general indices. $44.50 cloth, $14.95 paper.

Whittle, Alasdair. Neolithic Europe: A Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985. xiv + 363 pp. including illustrations, select bibliography, and index. $44.50 cloth, $17.95 paper.     

基于社会三元结构的中国企业社会责任

企业利益与社会利益矛盾的日益凸显和社会期望的提升,使中国企业的社会责任问题越来越引起全社会的关注,然而在现实中,它的推行却出现了困境。在社会三元结构视角下,地方政府基于GDP的压力易与追求利润最大化的企业达成合谋,而我国公民社会发育不成熟,很难形成三方的有效制衡。促进企业自觉履行合理的社会责任,要加强中央政府对地方政府的监管,使地方政府自身运作规范,并充分理解和重视企业在我国社会中的角色和处境,企业应具有企业公民的意识,并大力培育和发展非政府组织。只有通过政府、企业、社会三方的互动合作,才能促进中国企业社会责任建设,实现共赢。     

Thinking Politically about Sustainable Development in the Tropical Forests of Latin America

This article examines a number of factors which facilitate the adoption and success of policies and projects to promote grassroots sustainable development – that is, the sustainable, multiple use of forests at the community level, including aspects of local self-reliance and control of economic resources. I will argue that the extractive reserve legislation in Brazil and community forestry projects in Mexico and Peru depended on the formation of pro-grassroots development coalitions. The exact make-up of those coalitions depended on three factors: (1) the initial disposition of key governmental and dominant class actors to such policies; (2) the intensity of local conflicts and the extent of community organization; and (3) the involvement of international actors. The cases suggest that in the absence of serious government or upper class opposition, the adoption and durability of such policies and projects can be promoted by the formation of a coalition of organized communities, domestic non-governmental organizations (NGOs), some allied government agencies, and support from international actors. However, when key government agencies and socio-economic élites are fundamentally opposed to sustainable development initiatives at the grassroots level, much higher levels of community organization, conflict, and domestic and international support appear to be necessary.