浅谈彝族毕摩文化

毕摩文化涵盖了彝族的天文历法、风俗礼制、社会历史、伦理道德、语言文字、文化教育、医药卫生、宗教哲学等多个学科领域的丰富内容。毕摩文化丰富多彩,渊源流长,异彩纷呈,博大精深。毕摩文化是一块未经开垦的处女地,它的扑朔迷离和多彩神奇,使毕摩文化极具文化魅力和旅游开发价值,因此,探索研究毕摩文化,去粗取精,去伪存真保护、抢救、整理和收藏彝族毕摩文化成为当前保护和发展彝族民族文化最为重要和急切的任务。     

西藏经济发展实现历史性跨越

西藏自治区党委、政府坚持实施富民兴藏战略,始终把保障和改善民生作为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,紧紧抓住十分难得的政治机遇、历史机遇、政策机遇和发展机遇,注重经济社会协调发展。尤其是近五年来大力提高基本公共服务能力和均等化水平,使各族群众学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居,各族人民更多地感受到了党和政府的关怀和温暖。     

国际贸易与地理环境

战后国际贸易飞速发展,地理环境影响国际贸易和市场竞争机制的趋势在不断增强,为各国政府和世界所关注。本文从自然环境和人文环境两个方面,论述了地理位置,气候、矿物资源、海洋、民族、科技、工业污染和政治等方面对国际贸易产生影响。     

浅论彝族毕摩经书的保护与抢救

毕摩是彝族社会中掌握文字、通晓历算、从事宗教和文化活动的男性祭司。毕摩主要以经书和祭仪为载体,以鬼神信仰和巫术祭仪为核心,跨多个学科领域的综合性民族传统文化传承者。毕摩经书是从毕摩产生后,由毕摩搜集、整理、加工、创作,继承和延续至今的诗辞歌赋、经文典籍。毕摩经书涉及彝族天文、历法、历史、哲学、伦理、宗教、文学、艺术、教育等文化内容,博大精深,神奇绚丽。毕摩经书是彝族远古先民在与自然和社会作斗争中,在生产劳动和社会实践中,是彝族人自己创造的最古老的原生态典籍,是彝族人对自然、人类自身和社会发展认识的汇总。本文简要论述了彝族毕摩经书的内涵和价值,保护和抢救笔摩经书的重要性。     

山西右玉县中陵古城的调查与试掘

2008年和2009年,山西省考古所等对山西右玉汉中陵故城进行了考古钻探、调查和发掘,了解了城墙、马面、瓮城、护城河的概况。在西城内探出一条南北向道路和部分夯土建筑基址,并发现了十几座窑址和部分灰坑。东城内也发现少量夯土建筑基址、窑址和灰坑。城内采集到了瓦当、砖、瓦等建筑材料和陶片。     

外国人眼中的毛泽东

在毛泽东诞辰120周年之际,本刊编辑部辑录了部分外国领导人、国际友人、专家、学者对毛泽东的印象和评价,他们分别从不同的角度,具体而细微地描绘了伟人的不同侧面。在为争取独立和解放而斗争的人民眼中,毛泽东是他们的知己、同志和兄弟,他们从他身上和他的思想中吸取夺取政权、进行武装斗争的经验;在外国记者、专家和学者眼中.     

以“谋发展、促和谐、迎奥运”为主线 努力促进东城区经济社会又好又快发展——政协北京市东城区委员会

2007年是本届政协的开局之年。一年来,区政协在中共东城区委的领导和市政协的指导下,认真学习贯彻党的十七大精神,以邓小平理论和"三个代表"重要思想为指导,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,高举爱国主义和社会主义旗帜,牢牢把握团结和民主两大主题,坚持围绕中心、服务大局,以"谋发展、促和谐、迎奥运"为主线,切实履行政治协商、民主监督、参政议政职能,各项工作取得了新的进展,为东城区的经济、政治、文化和社会建设作出了积极贡献。     

如何编纂地名志

地名志对于内政、外交、国防、经济建设和乡土教育都具有重要价值。在地名志的编修过程中,不仅要注意志书的思想性、科学性、专业性,把地名学理论和方志学原理相结合,使体例和内容相统一,而且要突出志书的地名特色、地方特色和时代特色。     

中国城市单位制研究的一个新框架

单位制是计划经济时期,在特殊的时代背景和社会经济条件下,国家在城市构建中通过管理和控制人力及物质资源以实现共产主义和国家现代化为目标的基本工具,经历了形成、发展、成熟和转型的历史过程。单位制研究走过了30余年的历程,成果丰硕,但相对制度性研究,空间性和社会性研究还比较薄弱,实践性研究更加匮乏。提出将单位制研究置于人类社会历史的长时段背景中,从单位化、去单位化和新单位主义三个阶段和单位的制度性、空间性、社会性和实践性四个视角展开。三个阶段分别对应计划经济时期、改革开放的30年和今后和谐社会建设时期。制度性研究包括制度思想、构建逻辑和制度体系三个方面;空间性包括第一空间、第二空间和第三空间;社会性包括社会结构、社区发展和个体历程;实践性包括社会重建、旧单位改造和新单位规划。     

龙门石窟地面、门槛雕刻保存现状调查研究

通过查阅文献、现场调查、病害分析和比较研究,发现龙门石窟洞窟的地面、门槛及其雕刻病害类型多样,劣化严重。在总结其病害现状和保存特征的基础上,分析其保护经验和不足,提出了修造保护层、疏导积水、修复加固和规范化管理等保护策略和措施。     

“读”与“写”有机地结合

语文教学包括讲读教学和作文教学两大内容。一般的语文教学方法是将讲读课与作文课完全分开来进行教学,认为两者联系并不十分密切,而且也很难将两者有机地结合起来进行教学,于是在讲读课上只进行范文教学,不搞作文教学,关于作文教学的内容或存在的问题则放到作文课上去教授、解决。其结果,无形中留给学生一个错觉,似乎讲读课文与写作文之间没有必然的联系;有的学生甚至更错误地认为不上语文课照样能写好作文。     

Millennium development goals (MDGs) and indigenous peoples' literacy in Cambodia: erosion of sovereignty?

Nation‐building throughout Southeast Asia has been undertaken in contexts where minority groups, living on the margins of society, are being forced into recent state constructions, and have had their cultures eroded as a result. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education have provided international benchmarks for literacy. These have been adopted by the Cambodian state, and a number of donors and NGOs have funded and enacted policies with the explicit aim of improving the language skills of Cambodia's highland communities. However, these are being implemented in communities that do not speak Khmer (the Cambodian national language), and do not have indigenous systems of writing. Drawing on fieldwork in Cambodia, this paper argues that the impact of the MDGs has been to depoliticize an inherently contested terrain, and to ironically silence communities on fundamental issues by teaching them to read, write and speak the national language. This has limited their capacity to perform sovereignty by restricting the very voice they are entitled to speak.     

挖掘初中作文教学的学生潜力

学生作文语意表达不清,枯燥无味,主要是头脑中积累的词汇句子太少。只有让学生多读,才能开拓学生的思路,提高学生的写作能力。知识积累是过程,熟练运用是目的。在习作中,要教育学生恰当运用多种修辞手法表达语意,增强文章的感染力和语言的说服力,使抽象的内容具体形象生动。     

The cultures of Native North American language documentation and revitalization

The reviewed books comprise an emerging ethnographic literature on endangered language documentation and revitalization in Native North America. Language loss and preservation are pressing concerns for tribal communities, galvanizing activists and researchers to develop classroom curricula and literacy traditions in hopes of producing new speakers. While the reviewed books show that this goal often goes unrealized, we nevertheless read them as grounds for optimism. Even if language revitalization rarely increases the everyday use of particular lexical and grammatical codes, it may succeed in accomplishing another important goal: facilitating indigenous communities’ efforts to create for themselves more meaningful contemporary cultures.     

Sovetskaya Arktika journal as a source for the history of the Northern Sea Route

This paper is about reading and using the Soviet texts published in the 1930s on the Northern sea route (NSR) and the Arctic in general. The history of the NSR exploration and exploitation and its current potential as a round-the-year transportation waterway connecting the Pacific and the Atlantic is outlined. Specific features of the 1930s’ sources for the study of the NSR are explored using the example of the journal Sovetskaya Arktika (The Soviet Arctic), published between 1935 and 1941. The representation of the Northern Sea Route in this journal is described from two perspectives: what was presented (and what wasn't) and how it was presented. Special characteristics of the language used are considered to be interesting examples of the Soviet version of “totalitarian language” (newspeak, langue de bois). Historical sources written in this kind of language require special skills and special caution to read, interpret, and use.     

英语语言学习与西方文化影响

语言与文化是相互依存的关系,文化对语言学习的影响重大,在英语学习过程中应注意对文化渊源的了解。语言和文化有着不可分割的关系,对语言学习而言,文化意识至关重要。古希腊神话和基督教思想是西方文明的源头,深刻影响着西方文明的发展。作为语言艺术的西方文学反映和代表着西方文化。所以,了解西方文化,广泛涉猎英美文学作品,对英语学习者是十分必要的。     

Discovering the Language of Data: Personal Pattern Languages and the Social Construction of Meaning from Big Data

Abstract

This paper attempts to address two issues relevant to the sense-making of Big Data. First, it presents a case study for how a large dataset can be transformed into both a visual language and, in effect, a ‘text’ that can be read and interpreted by human beings. The case study comes from direct observation of graduate students at the IIT Institute of Design who investigated task-switching behaviours, as documented by productivity software on a single user’s laptop and a smart phone. Through a series of experiments with the resulting dataset, the team effects a transformation of that data into a catalogue of visual primitives — a kind of iconic alphabet — that allow others to ‘read’ the data as a corpus and, more provocatively, suggest the formation of a personal pattern language. Second, this paper offers a model for human-technical collaboration in the sense-making of data, as demonstrated by this and other teams in the class. Current sense-making models tend to be data- and technology-centric, and increasingly presume data visualization as a primary point of entry of humans into Big Data systems. This alternative model proposes that meaningful interpretation of data emerges from a more elaborate interplay between algorithms, data and human beings.     

The elusive ‘je’: Language and female subjectivity in Simone de Beauvoir's Les Belles Images

The most striking feature of the narrative of Simone de Beauvoir's novel Les Belles Images (1966) is the constant shift between the third‐person pronoun ‘elle’ (or ‘Laurence') and the first‐person pronoun ‘je’. The pattern produced by this shift in narrative voice within the text has important implications for the construction of female subjectivity in the narrative, primarily in relation to its central character, Laurence. This article examines the nature of Laurence's relationship with language using arguments offered by the feminist psychoanalyst Luce Irigaray pertaining to the relationship of exclusion binding women to language in patriarchal culture. My reading of the novel examines how far Laurence's problematic relationship with language might be read in terms of a quest to articulate her ‘je’ and make her ‘marginal’ voice heard. Further, it engages with, but ultimately problematises, Toril Moi's notion of an ‘authorial’ reading at work in Beauvoir's fictional texts.     

The Ideologization of the Child: Zdeňka Bezděková and Marie Majerová

Abstract

This article traces the changes in two novels, Zdenňka Bezděková’s ?íkali mi Leni and Marie Majerová’s Bruno, made once the Communist-Party regime in Czechoslovakia was firmly established. For example, German paedophilia is changed to bullying in Bezděková and pre-war Czech political antisemitism deleted from Majerová. In both works Czech nationalist misoteutonism is changed into internationalist Communism. The author pays close attention to changes in language and style in both works. Though Majerová’s novel seems no longer to be read, Bezděková’s remains standard reading for adolescents, and in the twenty-fi rst century continues to be read with its somewhat rabble-rousing afterword by the novelist Karl Nový. The essay demonstrates how children can be made into things rather than people for the sake of a political ideology.     

《诸子平议》训诂失误摭拾

《诸子平议》是一部训诂和校勘的笔记体学术专著,作者俞樾,晚清小学大家。学术界尚无专门文章探讨此书的功过优劣,这与俞樾的学术地位是不相称的。他审字义、破通假、立文法,对今人仍有借鉴意义。同时,我们也发现有许多地方值得商榷,本文力求对其不足之处作出中肯、全面的分析.