博物馆，档案馆，图书馆被保护环境中气态污染物的监测和分级

过去几十年,美国普滤公司合作开发了一种可以用来精确评价被保护环境中存在破坏可能性的技术,用来保护珍贵的物,艺术品及历史档案资料,他们一方面研究开发了能精确评估被保护环境的反应监测仪器和监测技术。另一方面又制一套新的环境分级标准,使物保护了解被保护环境是否是安全的,现把这种物,档案,图书保存环境的反应监测技术和环境评估的新标准介绍给国内的同行们。     

基于“洁净”概念的馆藏文物保存环境研究

博物馆从事文物保护工作的研究人员一般均会思考这些问题:什么是文物保存的"理想"环境?博物馆环境应当监控哪些指标,为什么长期以来,馆藏文物保存环境的研究和管理几乎都是围绕这两个主题而开展工作,这些研究和管理工作的实施,对博物馆环境的改善起到了积极的推动作用.但是,由于各种条件的限制,目前尚未能在所有的博物馆真正实施.近几年,文物保护研究人员关注于馆藏文物保存环境监测和控制技术的研究,目标在于解决文物保存和展示环境中的污染物如何表征、监测、净化和控制等关键技术问题.本文通过比较研究,提出基于"洁净"概念的馆藏文物保存环境的主要研究内容、监测技术和评估体系,以进一步推动馆藏文物保存环境领域相关应用技术研究的深入开展.     

内蒙古博物院文物保存环境初步评估

为了建立比较完善的内蒙古博物院文物保存环境监测系统,全面提升文物预防性保护能力,对内蒙古博物院文物保存环境现状进行了评估。评估结果表明:监测点的文物保存环境基本满足文物保存的要求。建议对文物保存环境实施实时监控,实现不同文物对于温湿度的差异化要求,并采取措施降低库房内有害气体污染以及部分展柜中的光照度。     

博物馆环境监控及相关物联网技术应用需求分析

对博物馆环境实施有效的监控,是预防性保护珍贵文物的有效途径。为广泛发挥物联网在博物馆文物保存环境监控方面的作用,阐述了基于"洁净"概念的博物馆环境及其预防性保护内涵,分析了博物馆环境温湿度、污染气体、光辐射、有害生物四方面监控的特点与需求,介绍了无线传感网络技术在几项重大文物展览活动中的有效应用情况,指出大力加强博物馆环境适宜的监测技术研发,是实现博物馆环境风险预控的关键。     

文物保存环境中温湿度评估方法研究

为了保护珍贵文物,防止或减缓文物的老化,需要监测、评估和控制文物保存环境的质量,其中温湿度是最基本的两个指标.文物保存环境对温湿度提出了“适宜”和“稳定”的要求.立足这两项要求,本研究对文物保存环境中长期温湿度的评估方法进行了探讨.在对常规温湿度评价方法比较的基础上,针对“适宜”性评估,提出了“温湿度合格率”和“温湿度分布图”的方法;针对“稳定”性评估,构建了“温湿度波动指数”评价方法.通过对某博物馆一展厅内8个月的温湿度数据评估,验证了该方法的有效性.     

浅谈文物库房管理及库藏文物保存环境——以甘肃省文物考古研究所为例

甘肃省是文物大省,随着考古事业的不断发展,出土文物增多,库藏文物的管理难度也增加了.库藏文物是开展各项工作的基础,而文物库房是存放和保护这些重要遗产的关键场所.文物库房管理越来越被关注,库藏文物的保存环境、保护措施也越来越被重视.本文就甘肃省文物考古研究所文物库房管理现状、保存环境以及管理体系建设等方面进行论述,以期为...     

更炫,更美,更真实——文物摄影与光影魔法

<正>一、文物摄影是文物保护的重要组成部分文物摄影,是现代科技进步的必然要求和技术选择,也是文物保护的一种技术手段。可以这么说,文物从出土或征集入馆,就面临一个摄影造像的工作。因为文物的珍贵性、易损性、不可再生性,决定我们在接手一件文物时,第一时间就需要对其进行摄影,为文物的修复、研究和保存提供第一手资料。文物经过清洗、修复、入库,到后期的展示、宣传,或3D演示等,都离不开摄影工作。二、文物摄影的三个步骤在进行文物拍摄时,第一步需要熟悉出土文物当时的保存环境。出土文物当时的保存环境多种多样,一般以墓葬、遗址为主,还有河湖、沉船等水下文物。只有充分了解了文物出土时的环境,才能有效把握好文物摄影的一些关键     

博物馆文物保存环境质量标准研究

我国大气污染严重,环境质量恶化使文物受损影响日益明显。上海、重庆、广州三市博物馆环境质量检测调查说明其现状与文物保护的要求还有相当距离,有些甚至还处于污染相当严重的地步。博物馆文物保存环境影响因素主要是温湿度、光线(可见光、紫外光)、污染气体(包括尘埃),不同材质的文物受各种环境因素影响在程度上是不同的。有的是起主要作用,有的则是起协同增效作用。研究其反应机理、反应速率,量化它们之间的关系,将是制定出文物保存环境质量标准的重要依据。 文物保存环境质量标准要求达到最大限度降低环境因素对文物所造成的损害,但受治理技术、监测技术、经济的许可、合理程度等方面的制约,制定分级标准将有利博物馆的环境治理实施和监测。     

故宫古建筑内温湿度问题初探

博物馆的环境应当相对稳定且有益于文物的保存。故宫博物院作为古建筑博物馆,其特殊性在于古建筑本身也是文物,虽然自身条件较差,但又不能随意改变其外观和结构,导致其保存环境往往不够理想。在研究中论述了故宫古建筑的环境特点,结合在古建筑内文物环境监测和控制方面的若干问题进行有益的探讨,对原状陈列的古建筑温湿度调控的应用效果进行了分析和评估,指出了存在的问题,并提出了对古建筑中环境控制的思考。采用密封性能优良的展柜配合适当的调湿材料可以很好地稳定相对湿度,减少温度变化对相对湿度造成的影响,这是当前国际上文物微环境控制的一个发展方向。     

利用K线图分析馆藏文物保存环境中温湿度研究

温度和相对湿度是馆藏文物保存环境监测的两项基本指标。为了更好地处理大量的温湿度监测数据,将K线理论引用至温湿度评估体系,通过K线图四要素的剥离和借鉴,定义采样周期内初始值对应开盘价、采样周期内结束值对应收盘价、采样周期内最高值对应最高价、采样周期内最低值对应最低价。结合一次临展的连续监测数据,使用K线图开展了展厅及部分展柜内温湿度评价,通过主动调湿和被动调湿的调控效果比对,为后续临展等短期展览调湿方式的选择提供参考依据。本工作为文物保存环境中温湿度的数据处理建立了环境监测数据分析模型,为文物保存环境质量评估提供了一种直观的探讨方案。     

America in Speech and in Deed

The author's primary aim in what follows is to fully articulate Chantal Delsol's critique of late modern universalism as an attempt to depoliticize the individual for the sake of replacing politics with morality. The result of this depoliticization is a quasi-pantheistic cosmopolitanism that not only effectively denies the significance of individuality, despite rhetorically lionizing it, but also undercuts the freedom of individual conscience that makes moral choice possible. Genuine political prudence and moral judgment are subsequently replaced by the rigid exactitude of a technocratic analysis that reintroduces the "clandestine ideology" it was, despite protestations to the contrary, intended to eliminate. The unhappy paradox produced by the attempt to replace the necessary limitations of political judgment with the universality of a priori moral decree is that a new set of culturally and historically idiosyncratic political attachments are surreptitiously introduced beyond the pale of reasonable debate and disagreement. Delsol's measured response is not a precipitous rejection of universalism as such but a rehabilitation of it that recaptures the Christian moral realism at its core.     

Mothers and children in post-war Europe: martyrdom and national reconstruction in Italy and Poland

References to family and nation abounded in post-war rhetoric and informed the painstaking process of (re)creating a normal life in the aftermath of devastation. Taking Italy and Poland as its main case studies, this article explores the connections that linked familial and national discourses in post-war Europe. It is argued that families did not simply provide a useful metaphor to talk about national communities, but represented a constitutive element of post-war reconstruction. References to the family as a place of civic and national resistance were modelled on earlier narratives of national and familial devotions, which found in the sacrifice of children (in the double meaning of young person and offspring) a central theme. Both in Poland and in Italy, the celebration of the sacrifice of young people and their mothers became a means of celebrating the nation, its suffering and its recovery.     

解读《边城》和《苔丝》中的画面与音乐

《边城》和《德伯家的苔丝》(简称《苔丝》)分别是中英两国“乡土文学”的典型代表沈从文和哈代的主要代表作。两位作家将画面与音乐视为文字之外的语义载体,填补了文字所不能表达的空白,丰富了作品的主题意境。     

Armed and unarmed: struggles without weapons in Europe and in Italy

Abstract

The starting point for this article is the concept of civil resistance formulated by the French historian Jacques Semelin to describe the forms of unarmed and often non-violent resistance adopted during the Nazi occupations. These included strikes, protests against high food prices, refusal to join Nazi professional associations, the moral isolation of the enemy, actions to rescue Jews, the organisation of clandestine schools (in Poland) as well as support for armed struggle. While historians have looked on these struggles merely as secondary to or supportive of armed restsitance, the concept of civil resistance shows instead how they were autonomous social responses to Nazi dominion. After showing how since the 1990s there has been much closer dialogue between these two apparoaches, the article examines the ways in which the forms of civil resistance in Italy differed from countries such as Denmark, with greater emphasis on private actions and indivdual intiatives and informal networks in which women were always especiallly active and influential. In Italy, civil resistance seems to have been less ‘political’ and more ‘female’ than in northern Europe. The article concludes by examining the realtionship between the struggles in which women were involved and the concept of civil resistance, which although extremely important is only one step towards a fuller evaluation of the role of women in civil resistance.