对定边县发现的东罗马金币的研究

《中国钱币》2000年第2期发表了李生程《陕西定边县发现东罗马金币》一文,报导了该县安边镇一农民在田里发现一枚焊有小环攀的东罗马金币,该报告对这枚金币作了客观的描述。从报告所附的照片看,这枚金币已有相当程度的磨损,报告者也未能判定此币是哪位皇帝在位时制颁。     

考说在中国发现的罗马金币——兼谈中国钱币博物馆17枚馆藏罗马金币

一、过去在中国境内发现的罗马金币长期以来,古代东西方的交往一直是引人注目的课题,不少历史和考古工作者在这方面倾注了许多心血。一些研究者关注古代西方流入中国的货币,认为这是昔日东西方交流的可贵物证,从钱币的时代、发现的地点,可以提供很多可贵的线索。其中在中国发现的罗马金币*一直是个被关注的重点。例如夏鼐就曾说:“1953年在西安附近的咸阳底张湾的一座隋墓中,出土了一枚东罗马(拜占庭)帝国的金币。这枚金币于1954年在北京的全国出土文物展览会中陈列时,立刻引起大家的注意,都以为这是中西交通史上的很重要的物资资料。”①近…     

关于西安所出东罗马金币仿制品的讨论

关于西安所出东罗马金币仿制品的讨论罗丰一１９８９年夏,西安东郊发现一座唐代墓葬,这座墓葬的年代发掘者根据遗物推断,大约属高宗前后的初唐时期。墓中出土的一枚东罗马金币仿制品,十分引人注目,与中西文化交流有关,值得进一步讨论。对于这枚金币,《考古与文物》１９９２年第５期发表的简报作了以下简述：“东罗马金币仿制品１枚。圆形略扁,剪轮,上下径２厘米,左右径２．１５厘米,薄如纸,重０．８克。两面图案相同,系模压而成,一面外凸,一面内凹。正中是王者的半身像,头戴盔,微向左转,身穿交领销甲,依稀可辨露于左侧鬓边的标枪头及左肩上盾牌表面一个骑士以矛刺敌的国案。盔和甲的的轮廓及金币的周边都用连珠纹表示。头的两侧有打了字母的铭文,个别字母模糊不可分辨,铭文为：ＤＮＡＮＡＶＳＡＶＧ（？）”。并且在小结时对该币进行了进一步推测,“再补上省略的拉丁字母,铭可复原如下：Ｄ（ｏｍｉｎｕｓ）Ｎ（ｏｓｔｅｒ）,Ａｎａ……ｕｓ,ＡＶＧ（ｎｓｔｕｓ）”,“查阅公元４９８年以前东罗马皇帝的世系,发现唯有阿纳斯塔修斯一世（４９１－５１８年在位）的拉丁字母Ａｎａｓｔａｓｉｕｓ与此铭文吻合,故推测它是从阿纳斯塔修斯一世金币仿制而来。”发掘者将这枚金币鉴     

东罗马立奥一世金币考释

东罗马立奥一世金币考释屠燕治ＴＥＸＴＵＡＬＩＮＴＥＲＰＲＥＴＩＯＮＯＦＧＯＬＤＣＯＩＮＯＦＬＥＯＩＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＲＯＭＥ￥ＴｕＹａｎｚｈｉ近时杭州出现一枚中古时期的东罗马金币（见封底）。这枚金币与１９５９年在内蒙古土默特左旗毕克齐镇附近水库修建工...     

洛阳出土东罗马金币铭文考析

贷币是人类交往的重要媒介。东罗马金币在洛阳的不断发现既印证了丝路当年的繁华以及洛阳在国际交流中的核心地位,同时也为国际丝绸之路的研究提供了十分珍贵的物证。现在已知在洛阳出土的东罗马金币有4枚,金币铭文皆以拉丁文书写。研究、释读这些货币铭文,解开铭文内涵是本文的中心内容,对学界准确认识这些金币的历史和文化价值有重要作用。     

固原唐墓中发现东罗马金币

固原唐墓中发现东罗马金币据《光明日报》１９９６年４月８日报道,东罗马金币等一批珍贵文物不久前在宁夏固原县城南郊的一座唐代墓葬中出土,从而为研究丝绸之路东端北道的历史提供了重要的佐证。去年,位于固原县城南郊的一座唐墓由于洪水冲刷和耕作破坏,急需抢救性发...     

中国人民银行发行辛亥革命90周年纪念币

2000年春节刚过,笔者见到一枚外国金币。此钱表面原始包浆自然,色金黄,手感重,无改刻、后铸痕迹,为一枚东罗马金币（如图）。     

西安发现东罗马金币

2000年春节刚过,笔者见到一枚外国金币.此钱表面原始包浆自然,色金黄,手感重,无改刻、后铸痕迹,为一枚东罗马金币(如图).     

陕西咸阳出土的拜占廷金币辨析

1993年第1期《考古与文物》刊载：1988年,陕西咸阳国际机场贺若氏墓(621年)中出土一枚拜占廷帝国的金币,这是近年来在我国境内发现的第36枚金币,与其它地区发现的金币相比,此枚金币没有剪边,图案与铭文都比较清晰(图一),对进一步的研究有重大意义。     

甘肃陇西发现的波斯银币

近年来甘肃陇西境内曾出土东罗马金币1枚和波斯银币12枚及其它遗物。本文仅就笔者收集的实物资料作一介绍。     

Climate and energy security policies and measures: synergies and conflicts

Concerns about climate and energy security are leading to increased government intervention in the energy sector, in particular as they relate to the choice of energy supply options. While many of these options will improve both energy and climate security, many measures will benefit one while harming the other. This raises an important question for governments and energy planners: how can conflicts between climate and energy security be resolved? This article outlines some of the barriers and problems that may arise as governments and companies try to address climate and energy security concerns simultaneously in various energy supply areas. It concludes by arguing against choosing one objective over the other, and by outlining steps that can be taken to help resolve conflicts between the two agendas.     

我和我的兄弟姐妹

1938年．我出生在金沙江畔一个叫巴塘的小县城里。生在哪一天．至今不知道．因此．六十多年过去了．我从来也没有过过生日。     

Challenger and Chernobyl Lessons and Reflections

Abstract

It is argued that Psychological research on 'race' and 'ethnicity' issues presents a number of ethical problems. These relate to the sociopolitical impact of such research, particularly when it purports to find differences of an 'innate' character; to the use of naive subjects, particularly children, in research which is aimed at demonstrating their 'inferiority'; and, within the academic community itself, to the working relationships between researchers who believe in 'innate' 'race' differences and colleagues belonging to allegedly 'inferior' groups – this being particularly significant within a teaching environment. Although the 'race differences' question has a long and controversial history, ethical issues relating to the research process itself have received less focused attention. Moreover, replacement of the genetically obsolete concept of 'race' with the idea of 'ethnicity' does not solve the problem entirely, and the term 'ethnicity' is itself unsatisfactory in several respects.     

Power and Ethnicity History and Anthropology

This essay reflects on the relationship between anthropological and historical scholarship of ethnicity, picking up on themes explored by Andre Gingrich, by considering the epistemological and evidentiary limitations of social scientific and historical analysis and reconstruction. Beginning with the consideration of the pioneering transdisciplinary efforts of Robert Darnton and Clifford Geertz, it argues that many of the weaknesses ascribed to such efforts are actually part of the nature of social scientific investigation which, in the terms of Peter Winch, must take into account two sets of relationships: that of the relationship between the scientist and the phenomena that he or she observes and the symbolic system that he or she shares with other scientists, which can only be understood from the social context of common activity. How these two relationships challenge social scientific analysis of ethnicity are examined through a consideration of the difficulties of applying Anthony Smith's definition of an ethnie to either Fredrik Barth's classic essay on “Pathan Identity and its Maintenance” or Helmut Reimitz's study of Frankish identity. It concludes that neither anthropologists nor historians are simply describing societies as they are or as they were but rather attempt to describe societies as witnesses within them thought they should be, and we do this for our own society, not for those of the participants, past or present.     

Of Demons and Angels and Historical Humans: Some Events and Questions in Translation and Post-colonial Theory

In what follows, I attempt to show that a look at some curious examples of translations from European texts makes us think about issues in translation theory and post-colonial theory from a slightly different angle. The metaphor of translation can very well be employed for understanding the relation between European texts, and some texts and some social and political practices in India in the colonial period, and this in turn helps us look critically at what I shall call our fuzzy post-colonialism. I also argue that Walter Benjamin's metaphor of translation as the after-life of a work can be extended to posit two basic modes of after-life.     

后伊拉克时代与中国的内政外交--普遍主义与单边主义的冲突

"9·11"事件后,冷战后的国际政治格局发生了重大变化.其最大特征可以概括为以下两点:第一,确立了以唯一超级大国--美国为核心的以反恐为普遍主义的全球性安全阵线;第二,美国的爱国主义、民族主义戏剧性地高涨起来.就像当时有人强调因为全世界有60多个国家的人在世界贸易中心工作,所以对世贸中心的攻击就是对全世界的攻击那样,在美国国民中普遍存在着这样的观点:因为美国社会自身就是世界的缩影,所以星条旗也可被看作是超越一国国界的全人类的普遍象征.