Qualified Toleration: Bermuda and the English Revolution

Central to both the causes and development of the English revolution was the demand for reformation of the Church of England. The question of what shape this reform should take, however, divided English men and women. Debates over the further reformation of the Church of England were also complicated by the emergence of increasingly vocal and powerfully‐placed calls for freedom of religion, ranging from a limited toleration for a certain few to a broader liberty of conscience for all. This article looks at the debate surrounding liberty of conscience during the English revolution in 1644–5, but from a fresh angle: examining the context and rationale for the parliamentary ordered religious settlement of the English Atlantic colony of Bermuda in October of 1645. Integrating the fortunes of this Atlantic colony into the history of the English revolution reconfigures our understanding and analysis of revolutionary religion and politics.     

科学地推进辛亥革命史研究——为纪念辛亥革命90周年而作

90年前发生的辛亥革命,是中国近代史上一场具有时代意义的资产阶级民主革命,是20世纪初叶中国发生的一个伟大历史事件,在中华民族振兴的进程中,具有不可磨灭的历史功绩。辛亥革命推翻了清朝统治,结束了我国两千多年的封建制度,实现了我国国家体制的一次重大转变,使民主共和的观念从此深入人心。     

Road transport in the English Industrial Revolution: An interim reassessment

Recent studies by Albert, Pawson and others have led to a new appreciation of road transport in the Industrial Revolution; traditionally, it is canal development rather than road transport expansion that has been seen as the key sector in contemporary transport improvement. Fresh examination of the traditional emphasis on canals underlines the new findings on the road sector. The role of canals in raw material movement may be undeniable, but the marketing side of the industrializing economy has largely been forgotten. Detailed comparison of the different properties of canal and road transport reveals yet further weaknesses. Among them is the peculiar susceptibility of canals to frost and drought. Using a prediction technique based on Manley's monthly temperature means for Central England, it emerges that in one out of every two years, frost may have impeded canal-working for upwards of 20 days. A number of possible directions for further research are outlined. Of particular importance is the need for studies of transport demand.     

英国革命时期共和主义者对“自由”的理解

目前,共和主义已成为学术界的重要研究内容,文章将对英国革命时期的共和主义,特别是共和主义者对"自由"概念的理解进行初步的探讨,以期深化对共和主义思想的研究。回顾英国革命时期这些共和主义者对自由的表述,以及对思想家霍布斯理论的批评,可以看到霍布斯的那种"不受阻碍"的"消极自由"和共和派"避免依从"的"第三种自由"这样两种不同自由观的对立,而不同的自由观又导致了对不同政治体制的设计。因此,对于实现和保障我们的自由而言,回顾发生在英国革命时期的这场辩论就显得特别有意义。它激发起我们重新思考建立什么样的国家或者政治体制才能使人们避免受到强制和奴役,才能切实保障其自由和权利。     

英国前工业化时期的农业革命及其在社会转型中的作用

英国农业自16世纪始发生了一场深刻的革命,农业生产增长明显加快,农业劳动生产率也稳步提高,直接为工业革命铺平了道路。同时也使英国率先摆脱了传统社会周期性生存危机的困扰,孕育了近代乡村工业,为乡村人口流动和城市发展提供了动力,在英国由传统农业社会向近代工业社会的转型中扮演了重要的角色。     

貌似而实非--读《1968年5月法国的文化大革命》

放在案头的一本书,把我的思绪不由自主地带进了似乎发生在昨天,许多事仍清晰在目,而实际上已相距近40年的历史回忆之中。这本书就是由法国人洛朗·若弗兰(Joffrin,L)著、中国教授万家星翻译的《1968年5月法国的“文化大革命”》(原著名《法国1968年5月风暴史》,法国瑟伊出版社1990年版,中文译本为长江文艺出版社2004年版)。