桂林旅游景区书法景观符号效应分析

书法景观是具有中国特色的特殊文化景观和文化符号,广泛应用于旅游景区而成为旅游景观的一种重要类型.本文以桂林旅游景区的书法景观为案例进行研究,结果表明,书法景观作为旅游景区的重要人文景观,旅游者总体上对其具有较高的认知和鉴赏兴趣;书法景观对旅游者产生了一定程度的符号效应,具体表现在书法鉴赏、文化象征、审美引导3个方面,对应于外在行为、文化环境知觉、景观审美活动3个层次的行为效应.书法景观的符号效应在书法鉴赏方面存在显著差异,而在文化象征和审美引导方面无显著差异.书法景观符号效应研究对于揭示人们的地方感和环境行为与书法景观之间的关系、旅游景区书法景观的设计和景区文化氛围的营造等具有指导意义.     

近代城市历史文化街区文化景观演变研究——以大连旅顺太阳沟为例

以大连市旅顺太阳沟为例,采用新文化地理学的观点,借鉴后殖民主义相关理论,考察了殖民地时期、原苏联红军接管时期和现代社会三个时期下文化景观的表征变化,得出三个结论:①话语和权力是景观表征的主要决定因素,日俄殖民者、原苏联红军、军队和政府及开发商是三个时期景观表征的权力主体;②利益相关者在景观和空间的塑造中也扮演了重要角色;③殖民城市有屈辱历史,但不代表有屈辱文化。保护太阳沟文化景观刻不容缓,首要任务就是进行体制创新;太阳沟应大力发展文化产业。     

Cities of God? Medieval urban forms and their Christian symbolism

Situated in the context of recent geographical engagements with 'landscape', this paper combines 'morphological' and 'iconographic' landscape interpretations to examine how urban forms were perceived in late medieval Europe. To date, morphological studies have mapped the medieval city either by classifying urban layouts according to particular types, or by analysing plan forms of particular towns and cities to reveal their spatial evolution. This paper outlines a third way, an 'iconographic' approach, which shows how urban forms in the Middle Ages conveyed Christian symbolism. Three such 'mappings' explore this thesis: the first uses textual and visual representations which show that the city was understood as a scaled-down world – a microcosm – linking city and cosmos in the medieval mind; the second 'mapping' develops this theme further and suggests that urban landscapes were inscribed with symbolic form through their layout on the ground; while the third looks at how Christian symbolism of urban forms was performed through the urban landscape in perennial religious processions. Each of these 'mappings' points to the symbolic, mystical significance urban form had in the Middle Ages, based on religious faith, and they thus offer a deepened appreciation of how urban landscapes were represented, constructed and experienced at the time.     

区域标志性形象:特征、构成与整合开发——以兰州市为例

区域标志性形象具有惟一性、象征性、传承性、资源性特征,其构成要素主要包括文化特色、景观塑造、空间布局、生态背景等。兰州自然环境意象独特,历史文化底蕴深厚,标志性形象的整合开发具有显著的区域优势,但目前存在的问题是,标志性形象的空间分布不均衡,景观形象不突出。鉴于兰州市标志性形象的现状,在综合分析区域差异和比较优势的基础上,提出该区域标志性形象的整合应构建兰州区域本底标志性形象,配置门户和窗口区域标志性,凸显黄河风情线整体标志性,塑造人与环境和谐的标志性。     

Ways of Belonging: Reconciliation and Adelaide's Public Space Indigenous Cultural Markers

As an arguably ‘post colonial’ society, Australia is evolving its particular identity and sense of self, but reconciliation with its Indigenous peoples remains a significant political and cultural issue. Social inclusion or marginalisation is reflected in the construct of the civic landscape and this paper traces and contextualises public space Indigenous representation or ‘cultural markers’, since the 1960s in Adelaide, South Australia, the Kaurna people's land. This paper identifies social phases and time periods in the evolution of the ways in which Indigenous people and their culture have been included in the city's public space. Inclusion of Indigenous peoples in civic landscapes contributes not only to their spiritual and cultural renewal and contemporary identity, but also to the whole community's sense of self and to the process of reconciliation. This has the potential to provide a gateway to a different way of understanding place which includes an Indigenous perspective and could, symbolically, contribute to the decolonisation of Indigenous people. An inter‐related issue for the colonising culture is reconciliation with the Indigenous nature of the land, in the sense of an intimate sense of belonging and connectedness of spirit through an understanding of Indigenous cultural landscapes, an issue which this paper explores. The paper also sets out suggestions for the facilitation of further Indigenous inclusion and of re‐imagining ways of representation.     

豫东平原古城淮阳城湖湿地历史景观探析--兼论科罗纳(CORONA)影像资料的解读与运用

本文以河南淮阳古城城湖为例,探讨历史时期华北平原城市湖塘湿地的自然生态与人文景观。适应于华北平原水资源时空分布不均、旱涝灾害易发的水环境,传统城市中以雨洪为主要水源的湖塘水体,是具有较大幅度水位变化、旱涝交替的湿地景观。不仅为多种动植物提供了栖息地,也与城市居民的生产生活建立了广泛而紧密的联系,从文化休闲、日常用水,到适应湿地水域内不同水土条件及其旱涝变化的农业生产和土地利用,塑造了独特的文化景观,对当代华北平原城市的水景观建设具有参照意义。拍摄于1960-1972年间的科罗纳卫星影像,以高分辨率、多时相等特点,能够展示湿地景观的旱涝变化和土地利用的适应性变化,为研究历史时期的湿地景观提供了重要的图像资料。     

Re-assembling the memorial landscape: the politics of walking tours in Taipei

This article argues that the memorial landscape is a dynamically composed assemblage of heterogeneous elements, and that the guided walking tour is a practical tactic through which discourses and materials might be re-assembled and thus re-signified. Guided walking tours therefore epitomise the relational rethinking of memorial landscapes, or quasi-heritage, in everyday urban life. Based on three case studies in Taipei, Taiwan, we discuss how memorial landscapes featuring the urban underclass and civil resistance might be strategically re-assembled. We explore to what extent the bodily practices, narratives, and reconfiguration of space have produced new memorialised landscapes. We conclude that guided walking tours are a form of social intervention that can reframe our understanding of memorialization or quasi-heritagization, especially in the urban arena where heterogeneous values increasingly compete.     

旅游对传统地域文化景观影响的研究进展及展望

传统地域文化景观是传承地域文化的物质载体,是人类宝贵的文化遗产和景观财富。作为新兴的重要发展力量,旅游正在不可逆转地改变着传统地域文化景观的演变进程。本文从物质文化景观、非物质文化景观、文化景观地方意义等方面综述了旅游对传统地域文化景观影响的研究成果,对现有研究进行了述评。最后从亟须解决的关键科学问题、研究内容两个方面进行了未来研究展望。     

新文化地理学视野下的消费空间研究进展

随着城市消费空间的大规模出现,消费主义景观成为新文化地理学最新、最重要的研究对象之一。相关研究内容主要集中在消费空间的象征意义、消费空间公正、消费空间性别政治和消费空间生产的研究等四个方面。论文从文化解析入手,剖析了消费空间的符号与象征意义、空间权力与空间公正的互构关系,消费主义语境下性别权力的空间诉求、消费空间生产等议题。在此基础上,总结出新文化地理学视野下消费空间的研究趋势：更加强调消费空间的社会、文化意义的研究,关注全球化背景下城市消费景观的塑造与蕴含的意识形态关系,重视探讨与消费空间相对应的现代人本性场所与亚文化体系的构建,以及“时空压缩”下消费空间生产机制与地方性建构的可能。     

从地理学视角看城市历史文化景观集体记忆的研究

通过对国内外文献的分析,总结了景观、记忆与地理学的研究进展,指出景观、记忆与地方认同联系密切,而且景观与记忆的研究大多与历史文化景观相关。由于集体记忆所体现出的社会性,通过物质的和象征性的城市历史文化景观,去探究其集体记忆的认知空间和情感空间更具有现实意义。文章探讨了GIS和认知地图方法在城市集体记忆研究中的应用,并对佛山城市历史文化景观的集体记忆进行了实证研究。认为在全球化、城市化趋势下,从地理学视角,透过对历史文化景观集体记忆的分析,将有助于城市历史文化遗产持续性地保护和塑造城市地方感。     

“Don’t call me a Cajun!”: race and representation in Louisiana’s Acadiana region

In southwestern Louisiana, the public sphere is dominated by the image of the Cajuns, presented as a hardy, likable people who have overcome significant obstacles since their arrival as Acadians in the late eighteenth century. Across the cultural region designated “Acadiana,” which comprises 22 counties, nearly 30% of the population is black (or Creole, mixed-race peoples generally identifying as black). Contributions of non-whites to the region’s history are usually not incorporated into the public historical narrative, and the erasure of these groups’ influences on the state’s cultural “gumbo” has profound symbolic and material consequences. Black/Creole residents note that much of their culture – primarily music and foodways – has been repackaged as Cajun or subsumed under the Cajun label and that they are unable to take advantage of the benefits that Creole-oriented tourism could bring to a region in which half of the counties are designated “black high poverty parishes.” Using mixed methods, including interviews, archival analysis, and census data, this paper explores the social, political, and economic consequences of the domination of Cajuns in the south Louisiana memorial and representational landscape and argues that commemorative silences in what Alderman et al. have called the “memorial arena” perpetuate a hegemonic social order.     

Cultural landscape protection in Australia: The Wingecarribee Shire study

Abstract

The concept of cultural landscapes as remarkable windows onto the past, and rich historical documents that can be read has gained increasingly wide acceptance in Australia over the past few years. Allied to this, and informing it. is the way in which landscape as a cultural construct plays a major role in attachment to place and sense of Australianness. The understanding of cultural landscapes as a setting where human history is on display is a community movement as well as a professional one. This paper reviews one particular study which focused on heritage evaluation of an historic rural landscape and moves for its protection.     

Heritage,amenity, and the changing landscape of the rural American West

The production landscapes that once dominated the rural American West are being transformed into amenity landscapes intended largely for consumption by in-migrants and visitors. However, once people settle in the rural West, a newly realized amenity may be recognized: the region's relic cultural landscape. This paper builds upon a 2007 study that used resident-employed photography to assess the varying environmental perspectives of, and social interactions between, newcomers and long-established ranchers in a rural Colorado valley. Photographs taken by both lifelong ranchers and newer nonagricultural residents highlighted two relic landscapes in the valley: its cemetery and one-room schoolhouse. This study investigates these particular cultural landscapes, their histories, meanings, and what their futures in this region may hold, given the in-migration. Using archives, landscape interpretation, and interviews with key informants, this paper analyzes how newcomers may appropriate these relic landscapes and further develop them as cultural amenities in their new environment. Simultaneously, long-established ranchers may defend these landscapes of their own heritage against such co-optation. The interests of newcomers in these historic relics impacts how they are, and will continue to be, managed, possibly creating new opportunities for social interaction among these groups.     

景观表征权力与地方文化演替的关系——以北京前门-大栅栏商业区景观改造为例

城市内部各个地方的景观是其文化的可视载体,由于它们具有空间的相对固定性,因此也是文化地理学研究地方文化的主要观察对象。本文采纳新文化地理学的观点,即关注北京前门-大栅栏商业区景观的意义及其变化,并力图挖掘影响这些变化的动力,进而揭示影响地方文化演变的动力。文化景观具有传播文化符号的功能,因此我们可以将之视为"文本"。在商业区改建过程中,设计建造者借助这些文本,再度表达出其背后的意义,这种再度表达的过程就是传播学中的表征,也称为再现。本研究通过景观调查方法以及访谈方法,分析了该传统商业区景观在改造前后文化表征的变化,以及表征权力的变化。本文结论有三方面:①该商业区改造后新的景观表征多以北京文化符号替代了老商业区的文化符号。②这种替代的负面结果是不利于加强老商业区居民的地方认同,同时削弱了城市内部文化的多元性。③政府协同规划师在景观表征上具有绝对的权力,一定程度上破坏了当地文化的"原真性"。因此本文建议在老城区改造中,尽力挖掘地方独特文化,给予当地人更多的文化表征权力。     

旅游景观形成与演变机制的符号学解释——兼议符号学视角下的旅游城市化与旅游商业化现象

旅游景观形成与演变机制的研究对于旅游景观的建设与保护具有重要意义。本文借助于符号学的相关理论,对旅游景观的形成与演变机制进行分析,并指出:在旅游景观形成与演变过程中,基于旅游景观意义的博弈,旅游文化主体不仅把自在景观符号作为一个整体加以改造而形成旅游景观符号的"能指",而且在此基础上赋予它的新的文化内涵,形成旅游景观符号的"所指",从而完成旅游景观的符号化过程。旅游城市化和旅游商业化现象是这一过程中的必然产物,是基于文化主体意义博弈的旅游景观符号的现代化重构。     

Unstrategic essentialism: material culture and Hawaiian articulations of indigeneity

Often rendered synonymous with deep historical attachments to particular landscapes, indigenous identities are inseparable from questions of geography. The meeting ground of place and nativeness is fecund with politics. All over the world, claims of indigeneity have become indispensable in struggles over territory, natural resources, and basic political rights in place. This article focuses on both a handful of cases from the secondary literature and empirical research on Hawai′i's Ala Kahakai National Historic Trail. It discusses essentialist expressions of indigeneity around the preservation and interpretation of Native Hawaiian material culture. Engaging with the literature on articulation theory and indigeneity, it suggests that these essentialisms emerge unintentionally rather than strategically. Its central claim is that the materiality of heritage objects, artifacts, sites, and landscapes plays an unnoticed role in shaping discourses around indigenous identity. The article concludes by suggesting that such unstrategic essentialisms pose real political risks for Native Hawaiians and offer suggestions for a more intentional engagement with the essentializing properties of indigenous material culture.     

Capturing spatial patterns of rural landscapes with point cloud

Over the past few decades, rural landscapes have been the subject of increasing international cultural heritage research, and one of the most important issues under investigation at both theoretical and pragmatic levels concerns how to identify the spatial character of rural landscapes for conservation purposes. This article establishes an innovative approach adopting a cultural landscape perspective with the support of point cloud technologies to capture spatial patterns of rural landscapes. This approach was explored by reference to Tunpu villages in Guizhou, China—these being a specific kind of military fortress settlement. Cultural landscape values and landscape characters of Tunpu villages were identified using historical research and document analysis. Aerial and terrestrial photogrammetry and laser scanning systems were combined to collect and process spatial information at environmental, village, and architectural scales. Point cloud models can quantitatively represent villages' spatial patterns and inform the interpretation of their heritage significance. We conclude that the strengths of point cloud technologies could meet the requirements of rural landscape heritage documentation from a cultural landscape perspective. This mixed‐technology approach could also greatly improve the efficiency and precision of traditional rural landscape documentation, which has the potential to change methodologies applied to rural landscape research and management.     

The construction and destruction of a colonial landscape: monuments to British monarchs in Dublin before and after independence

Where cities evolve in contentious political circumstances and make the transition from a colonial to a post-colonial state, aspects of the urban landscape such as public monuments, street nomenclature, buildings, city plans and urban design initiatives take on particular significance. Collectively they demonstrate the fact that the city is the product of a struggle among conflicting interest groups in search of dominion over an environment. As one group seeks dominance over the other the urban landscape often becomes the canvas upon which this power struggle finds expression. Public statues in particular serve as an important source for unravelling the geographies of broader political and cultural shifts. These issues are explored here with reference to Dublin City and the monuments erected to royal monarchs before the achievement of political independence in 1922, namely Kings William I (1701), George I (1722), George II (1758) and Queen Victoria (1908). The fate of such monuments in post-colonial Dublin and the ways in which the fledgling state and particular groups within it sought to express their new found power through both the official and oftentimes wilful destruction of these royal statues is then examined. The paper illuminates the power of public monuments as symbolic sites of meaning and explores their role in the construction of a landscape of colonial power. It also demonstrates how monuments become sites of protest, as symbolic in their removal as in their erection.     

符号表征与主客同位景观：民族文化旅游空间的一种后现代性——以“彝人古镇”为例

以旅游空间生产为主要特点的模拟的民族文化主题公园和人造景观是后现代旅游的一种典型代表。本文以云南“彝人古镇”为例,从空间生产角度对民族文化旅游所体现的后现代性特征及其社会效应进行探讨,认为“符号表征”与“主客同位景观”分别是民族文化旅游空间客体生产与主体生产的标志性特征。民族文化主题公园成就了存在主义原真性旅游体验,在少数民族文化遗产旅游利用与保护方面具有积极意义。     

基于GIS的南方传统聚落景观基因信息图谱的探索

南方地区环境生态因子多样,历史文化底蕴深厚,形成了极富特色的聚落景观。研究其所隐含的景观基因,对传统聚落的保护、开发都具有重要意义。本文分析了聚落景观基因的研究现状,探讨了聚落景观基因的概念、识别原则。在此基础上,探讨了构建聚落景观基因信息图谱的基本信息单元及其提取方法,并对建立景观基因信息图谱的技术思路进行了一定的尝试。最后,展望了景观基因信息图谱的研究意义和研究价值。